scholarly journals Eagle’s Syndrome Presenting As Unilateral Pain In The Anterolateral Neck And Referred Otalgia

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Waseem Mehmood Nizamani ◽  
Ameet Jesrani ◽  
Mujtaba Khan ◽  
Kalthoum Tlili ◽  
Nader Al Khuraish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament ◽  
Maximum Intensity Projections

Eagles syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome is a rare condition where slender elongated temporal styloid process or ossified stylohyoid ligament manifest a wide range of symptoms including otalgia, dysphagia, foreign body sensation in throat, pain in retrogonia or along anterolateral neck. It occurs mostly unilaterally however bilateral cases are also reported. Multislice computed tomography with maximum intensity projections reconstructions is used for diagnosis and management purposes. It also aids to see its compressive effect on adjacent anatomical structures

scholarly journals Eagle’s Syndrome: Transoral Styloidectomy a Technique Modification Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Sixth Decade

Eagle’s Syndrome is a rare condition with unknown etiology that mainly affects female patients between the third and sixth decade of life. It was first described in 1937 by Dr. Watt W. Eagle, in a study carried out in a group of patients whose main symptom was cervicopharyngeal pain caused by elongation of the styloid process and/or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament [1]. The diagnosis of this pathology is based on the anamnesis and physical examination together with imaging exams of the patients. Cervicofacial pain, palpation of the styloid process in the tonsillar fossa and limitation in neck mobility are the most classic signs and symptoms of this disease [2]. Due to the nonspecific symptoms present in these patients, this disease is usually underdiagnosed and confused with temporomandibular disorders, cervical myalgias, and even being diagnosed as atypical trigeminal neuralgias [3]. For this reason, clinical examination and imaging exams, are indispensable for the correct diagnosis and evaluation of anatomical structures [3]. We present a case of a woman with a history of eagle syndrome which was diagnosed and treated at the Hospital clinico metropolitano El Carmen Santiago, Chile.

An overview of Eagle’s syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 204946372096974
Author(s):  
Emma Searle ◽  
Adrian Searle
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Pain Clinics ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

Eagle’s syndrome is a condition that typically does not present to pain clinics. It consists of an elongated styloid process greater than 25 mm and/or stylohyoid ligament calcification causing an unusual array of symptoms, relating to anatomical involvement. Multiple specialities may be involved with the diagnosis of this rare condition. Three-dimensional reconstructive computed tomographic (CT) scan remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Depending on the presenting symptoms, care should be directed to an appropriate specialist. Pain surrounding Eagle’s syndrome does not typically resolve using simple pharmacological methods. Eagle’s syndrome should remain a diagnosis to be considered when faced with non-resolving head/facial pain.

scholarly journals The Syndrome of Elongated Styloid Process, the Eagle’s Syndrome—From Anatomical, Evolutionary and Embryological Backgrounds to 3D Printing and Personalized Surgery Planning. Report of Five Cases

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Czako ◽  
Kristian Simko ◽  
Andrej Thurzo ◽  
Branislav Galis ◽  
Ivan Varga
Keyword(s):  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Vagal Nerves ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

Background and Objectives: The symptoms of Eagle’s syndrome are associated with the elongated styloid process of the temporal bone or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. The first mention of pain syndrome associated with the elongated styloid process dates back to 1937, when it was described by Watt Weems Eagle. Over the last decade, experts in the field have shown a lively interest in the issue of the relationship between the elongated styloid process and various symptoms. This article presents the correlation between the clinical signs of Eagle’s syndrome and alterations in surrounding anatomical structures. It includes a brief review of the evolutionary, embryological and clinical anatomical background of the elongated styloid process. Materials and Methods: Between 2018 and 2019, five patients were admitted to our workplace with 1–3-year history of bilateral or unilateral throat pain, otalgia and pharyngeal foreign body sensation. As a therapeutic novelty in the surgical approach to this condition, we used individual 3D printed models to measure and identify the exact location of the resection of the styloid process without damaging the surrounding anatomical structures, such as the facial, accessory, hypoglossal, and vagal nerves; the internal jugular vein; and the internal carotid artery. Results: Compared to traditional surgical methods without 3D models, 3D models helped to better identify cutting edges and major landmarks used in surgical treatment of Eagle’s syndrome. Printed models provided assistance with the exact location of the styloid process resection position without damaging the surrounding anatomical structures such as the facial, accessory, hypoglossal, and vagal nerves; the internal jugular vein; and the internal carotid artery. Conclusion: In our clinical report, we used 3D printed models for navigation and planning during surgical procedures involving resections of the elongated styloid process. Additionally, we can formulate a new hypothesis: the elongated styloid process is a form of atavism of the bony hyoid apparatus in our evolutionary ancestors that is evolutionarily encoded or arises from disrupted degeneration of the middle portion of embryonal Reichert´s cartilage of the second pharyngeal arch. Under normal conditions, this portion does not ossify but degenerates and transforms into a connective tissue band, the future stylohyoid ligament.

scholarly journals Eagle’s Syndrome as a Cause of Discomfort and the Subjective Presence of a Foreign Body in the Throat

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Irena Wolińska ◽  
Przemysław Jaźwiec ◽  
Maria Pawłowska ◽  
Paweł Gać ◽  
Rafał Poręba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Foreign Body Sensation ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Craniofacial Pain

Eagle syndrome consists of symptoms resulting from the elongation and excessive calcification of the styloid process of the temporal bone and calcification of the ligaments associated with this process. The main symptoms of this syndrome are the feeling of a foreign body in the throat, dysphagia and pain localized in the temporomandibular region, neck and ear. The authors describe the case report of a previously healthy 39-year-old Caucasian male that complained of discomfort and foreign body sensation in his throat. Computed tomography (CT) showed the presence of an elongated styloid process bilaterally with clear predomination at the left side. The patient underwent laryngological and surgical consultation. Due to the lack of symptoms related to the compression of the carotid arteries, no surgery was recommended. In summary, Eagle’s syndrome is a rare condition characterized by craniofacial pain or foreign body sensation that should be considered, especially if the pain is unilateral. CT imaging in his case was a perfect tool and enabled a suitable diagnosis of this rare syndrome.

Eagle's syndrome with type III segmented styloid process: A case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Maria Priscilla David ◽  
V.A Usha ◽  
G.P Mamatha
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Surgical Reduction ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

Abstract Eagle's syndrome is not an uncommon condition, but it is less known to Physicians where an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament compresses the adjacent anatomical structures leading to orofacial pain. Pain often gets relieved by surgical reduction of styloid process. Recently depending on the calcification it has been classified as three types. A case of Eagle's syndrome is reported here. How to cite this article Usha VA, Mamatha GP, Maria PD. Eagle's syndrome with type III segmented styloid process. A case report. CODS J Dent 2014;6;61-63

Eagle Syndrome: an underdiagnosed cause of orofacial pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e238161
Author(s):  
João Ferreira de Barros ◽  
Maria Vieira Rodrigues ◽  
Leonor Aurélio Barroso ◽  
Isabel Cruz Amado
Keyword(s):  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Cervical Approach ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Eagle Syndrome (ES), also termed stylohyoid syndrome or styloid syndrome, is a rare condition characterised by a cluster of symptoms related to an elongation of the styloid process (SP) of the temporal bone. These may range from mild pharyngeal foreign body sensation and dysphagia to severe orofacial pain. High clinical suspicion is necessary owing to the unspecific clinical picture and limited diagnostic clues. Until a definitive diagnosis is achieved, these patients may develop symptoms which significantly impact their quality of life. The aim of this article is to report a case of ES in which a considerable length of SP was documented. Diagnosis was made years after the initial complaints and several medical workups by different specialties. Surgical resection of the elongated process by cervical approach was the adopted treatment modality. Patient recovery and follow-up was satisfactory, with remission of the afflicting symptoms.

scholarly journals Styloidectomy: our experience with intraoral approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Purigali S. Maradesha ◽  
Subash Chandrashekhar ◽  
Samatha K. Jayaramaiah
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Intraoral Approach ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Eagle’s syndrome is a symptom complex arising due to elongated styloid process or calcification of stylohyoid ligament. Surgical treatment is regarded as the foremost option. The study aims to put forth our experience with intraoral approach to styloidectomy in 17 subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study was conducted between January 2017 to December 2019. The study included 17 subjects with a diagnosis of elongated styloid process. All the subjects underwent styloidectomy by intraoral approach and were followed up.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, the median age of the study group was 33.76 and out of 17 subjects 13 were female and 4 male. The procedure was done under local anesthesia in 13 subjects and under general anesthesia in 4 subjects. Styloidectomy by intraoral approach was done in all subjects among which 15 were bilateral and 2 unilateral. 88% of the subjects were symptom free by third week.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study suggests that styloidectomy by intraoral approach is minimally invasive and can be done under local anesthesia with an added advantage of quick recovery.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Unilateral Eagle’s Syndrome

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
Md Talal Mamun ◽  
Rahat Amin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Facial Pain ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Transoral Approach ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament

Eagle’s syndrome represent as a neck, cervicofacial pain, dysphagia, facial pain, globus sensation, tinnitus, otalgia and headache, it may be unilateral or bilateral. About 4% of adult population accounted elongated styloid process, which are the principal factor of Eagle’s syndrome and followed by 0.16% of patients are symptomatic. Stylohyoid ligament calcification is the second most common factor. The diagnosis must be made through a detailed history, clinical examination, and various imaging modalities. A 36 years old female patient presented with persistent pain in the throat. An elongated styloid process was diagnosed and was removed by transoral approach following the patient was relieved from her symptoms. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 72-74

scholarly journals Tonsillostyloidectomy for Eagle’s syndrome: a study of 20 cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Roohie Singh ◽  
Jeevan R. Galagali
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Throat Pain ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease ◽  
Oral Approach

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Eagle’s syndrome is a pain syndrome which occurs due to elongated and misdirected styloid process. It is commoner than generally thought.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 20 cases of styalgia were diagnosed and prospectively studied at two hospitals. The characteristic symptoms were chronic throat pain and foreign body sensation in throat. Diagnosis was made with clinical symptoms, physical examination in form of intraoral palpation of styloid and radiological correlation. All patients underwent Tonsillostyloidectomy for affected sites under General anaesthesia. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks post-operatively and relief of symptoms was noted.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Chronic throat pain was the commonest symptom. Most cases were associated with chronic tonsillitis or Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). 19 (95%) patients were symptom free by 4 weeks postoperatively.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In an established case of Styalgia with intraoral palpable styloid tip, tonsillostyloidectomy by intra-oral approach gives good results. Also, LPRD may be a possible aetiology of the disease. Incidentally, it was found that position of head over neck should be intraoperatively adjusted in order to suit easy approach to the styloid depending on antero-posterior angulation of styloid.

scholarly journals An Asymptomatic and Overelongated Styloid Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Soylu ◽  
Ahmet Altan ◽  
Ahmet Ercan Sekerci ◽  
Nıhat Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Elongation of the styloid process is a rare condition. Only 4% of patients have clinical symptoms where elongated styloid process (ESP) occasionally irritates or disrupts adjacent anatomical structures, which is called Eagle syndrome. This present report was aimed at reporting an asymptomatic ESP with unusual width and length.

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