Tonsillostyloidectomy for Eagle’s syndrome: a study of 20 cases

Background: Eagle’s syndrome is a pain syndrome which occurs due to elongated and misdirected styloid process. It is commoner than generally thought.Methods: 20 cases of styalgia were diagnosed and prospectively studied at two hospitals. The characteristic symptoms were chronic throat pain and foreign body sensation in throat. Diagnosis was made with clinical symptoms, physical examination in form of intraoral palpation of styloid and radiological correlation. All patients underwent Tonsillostyloidectomy for affected sites under General anaesthesia. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks post-operatively and relief of symptoms was noted. Results: Chronic throat pain was the commonest symptom. Most cases were associated with chronic tonsillitis or Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). 19 (95%) patients were symptom free by 4 weeks postoperatively.Conclusions: In an established case of Styalgia with intraoral palpable styloid tip, tonsillostyloidectomy by intra-oral approach gives good results. Also, LPRD may be a possible aetiology of the disease. Incidentally, it was found that position of head over neck should be intraoperatively adjusted in order to suit easy approach to the styloid depending on antero-posterior angulation of styloid.

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Eagle’s Syndrome as a Cause of Discomfort and the Subjective Presence of a Foreign Body in the Throat

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11101832 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1832

Author(s):

Irena Wolińska ◽

Przemysław Jaźwiec ◽

Maria Pawłowska ◽

Paweł Gać ◽

Rafał Poręba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Styloid Process ◽

Foreign Body Sensation ◽

Eagle’S Syndrome ◽

Elongated Styloid Process ◽

Body Sensation ◽

Eagle Syndrome ◽

Craniofacial Pain

Eagle syndrome consists of symptoms resulting from the elongation and excessive calcification of the styloid process of the temporal bone and calcification of the ligaments associated with this process. The main symptoms of this syndrome are the feeling of a foreign body in the throat, dysphagia and pain localized in the temporomandibular region, neck and ear. The authors describe the case report of a previously healthy 39-year-old Caucasian male that complained of discomfort and foreign body sensation in his throat. Computed tomography (CT) showed the presence of an elongated styloid process bilaterally with clear predomination at the left side. The patient underwent laryngological and surgical consultation. Due to the lack of symptoms related to the compression of the carotid arteries, no surgery was recommended. In summary, Eagle’s syndrome is a rare condition characterized by craniofacial pain or foreign body sensation that should be considered, especially if the pain is unilateral. CT imaging in his case was a perfect tool and enabled a suitable diagnosis of this rare syndrome.

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Bilateral Atypical Facial Pain Caused by Eagle’s Syndrome

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2020/3013029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Anuradha ◽

Ravi Sachidananda ◽

Satish Kumaran Pugazhendi ◽

Preeti Satish ◽

Romir Navaneetham

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Surgical Resection ◽

Facial Pain ◽

Styloid Process ◽

Radiological Examination ◽

Atypical Facial Pain ◽

Eagle’S Syndrome ◽

Elongated Styloid Process ◽

Facial Neuralgia ◽

Body Sensation

Recurrent throat pain, “foreign body” sensation, difficulty in swallowing, or vague facial pain is many times caused by the presence of an elongated styloid process. Many times, this condition is misdiagnosed and the patient is treated for facial neuralgia. But once Eagle’s syndrome is confirmed by clinical and radiological examination, the treatment is always surgical resection. The approach maybe intraoral or extraoral. In this paper, we present a case of Eagle’s syndrome caused by bilateral elongation of the styloid process and where surgical resection of the same gave instant permanent relief for the patient.

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Eagle's syndrome: A case report of a 39-year-old male

Avicenna Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.34172/ajdr.2020.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 68-70

Author(s):

Farzaneh Pakdel ◽

Maryam Hossinpour Sarmadi ◽

Salar Payahoo ◽

Golchin Jabbari ◽

Farshad Javadzadeh

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Foreign Body ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

The Other ◽

Foreign Body Sensation ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Eagle’S Syndrome ◽

Body Sensation ◽

Panoramic Images ◽

Stylohyoid Ligament

Ossifying stylohyoid ligament can be seen accidently in panoramic images. Sometimes this status is asymptomatic. However, in the presence of symptoms such as pain in the pharynx, a foreign body sensation, tinnitus or otalgia it is called Eagle’s syndrome. The other symptoms due to the pressure on carotid artery including migraines, aphasia or vertigo and syncope especially in turning head to suffering side may be reported. This case was a thirty-nine-year-old man by thick ossified stylohyoid ligament in both sides along with five pseudoarticles together with a background of head and neckache specially in cold weather.

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Eagle’s Syndrome Presenting As Unilateral Pain In The Anterolateral Neck And Referred Otalgia

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2018104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 09 (01) ◽

pp. 77-79

Author(s):

Waseem Mehmood Nizamani ◽

Ameet Jesrani ◽

Mujtaba Khan ◽

Kalthoum Tlili ◽

Nader Al Khuraish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multislice Computed Tomography ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Styloid Process ◽

Maximum Intensity ◽

Eagle’S Syndrome ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Body Sensation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Stylohyoid Ligament ◽

Maximum Intensity Projections

Eagles syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome is a rare condition where slender elongated temporal styloid process or ossified stylohyoid ligament manifest a wide range of symptoms including otalgia, dysphagia, foreign body sensation in throat, pain in retrogonia or along anterolateral neck. It occurs mostly unilaterally however bilateral cases are also reported. Multislice computed tomography with maximum intensity projections reconstructions is used for diagnosis and management purposes. It also aids to see its compressive effect on adjacent anatomical structures

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A clinicopathological study of non-malignant lesions of the larynx

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20210173 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 369

Author(s):

Visweswara Rao Suraneni ◽

Parveen Sulthana ◽

Sanjusha Panchumarthi

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Foreign Body Sensation ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Radiological Investigation ◽

Throat Pain ◽

Body Sensation ◽

Laryngeal Lesions ◽

Benign Laryngeal Lesions

The study was undertaken to identify the type of laryngeal lesions, the age, sex distribution, symptomatology, sites of involvement, conservative and surgical management, histopathological analysis and outcome of the same. This is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care centre for one and a half years. A total of 20 patients were included based on symptomatology such as hoarseness of voice, foreign body sensation, throat pain, and respiratory distress. All malignant cases were excluded. Hematological and radiological investigations, along with microlaryngoscopic procedures followed by histopathology, were employed. A male preponderance with an M: F ratio of 3:2 was observed. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 30 to 45 years. Vocal cord polyps were observed to be the commonest type of the lesion. A case of a bilobed concomitant tonsillar cyst of the larynx was the rarest encountered. In this study, hoarseness of voice, cough, foreign body sensation, and throat pain proved to be the commonest symptoms. Early diagnosis with routine clinical examination aided by radiological investigation such as contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) has proven to be useful in suspicious lesions of the larynx. Micro laryngeal surgery, voice rest, and postoperative speech therapy together offer a cost-effective and safe method for the management of benign laryngeal lesions.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Sarcomatous Stroma of the Mesopharynx

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy ◽

10.1155/dte.5.125 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masahiro Kawaida ◽

Hiroyuki Fukuda ◽

Naoyuki Kohno

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Foreign Body ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Posterior Wall ◽

Endoscopic Examination ◽

Clinicopathological Features ◽

Foreign Body Sensation ◽

Body Sensation ◽

Oral Approach

A case of squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatous stroma of the mesopharynx is presented. The patient was a 62-year-old man who complained of a foreign body sensation. Endoscopic examination revealed a large pedunculated mass arising from the posterior wall of the mesopharynx. The lesion was surgically resected, using a cutting snare by the endo-oral approach, and was completely removed. A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatous stroma was made histopathologically. The clinicopathological features of this case are described and compared with those of previously reported cases.

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A study of Eagle’s syndrome in CMS-TH Bharatpur

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v10i1.12761 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 5-10

Author(s):

DK Shah ◽

SN Ganguly ◽

NS Reddy

Keyword(s):

Styloid Process ◽

Oral Route ◽

Female Dominance ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Eagle’S Syndrome ◽

Young Females ◽

Body Sensation ◽

The Common ◽

Atypical Presentations

Objective To study the common symptoms and outcome of surgical treatment of Eagle’s syndromeMethods A total of 22 cases were studied prospectively in both sexes from January 2008 to December 2010, in Department of ENT-HNS College Of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal. Patients with symptomatic styloid process were clinically palpated at tonsillar fossa and finally sent for X-ray styloid process. Patients underwent intra-oral tonsillectomy with styloidectomy. Post-operative improvement was analysed by follow up at one three and six months interval.Results Most common age group was 30-40 years (63.63%) with female dominance (M:F=1:4.5). The most frequent symptoms were pain in throat (29.62%), referred pain in ear (20.37%), pain in anterior triangle in neck (24.07%), foreign body sensation in throat (14.81%) and difficulty in swallowing (11.11%). Fifty nine percent of patients were having symptoms for last two to four years and 50% were on medication for last one to two years. All the patients underwent styloidectomy through intra-oral route. (63.63%) patients became symptom free and 13.63% didn’t show improvement even after operation.Conclusion Eagle’s syndrome is common in young females with various atypical presentations. Dull/throbbing or radiationg throat pain and pain in anterior triangle of the neck are common presentations. Diagnosis is done simply by palpating the tonsillar fossa.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol.10(1); 5-10

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Intraoral and extraoral approach for surgical treatment of Eagle's syndrome: a retrospective study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-222000/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Zhibin Wang ◽

KaiSheng Yan ◽

Yan Liu

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Average Length ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Styloid Process ◽

Eagle’S Syndrome ◽

Medical College ◽

Surgical Methods ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cervical Approach ◽

Absolute Criterion

Abstract Background We evaluated the clinical characteristics and postoperative efficacy of 94 patients with Eagle’s syndrome based on their clinical symptoms, imageological examination, and physical examination. Through the multi center clinical study of Tongji Medical College and Dalian Medical University, we found some characteristics of Eagle’s syndrome in operation and imaging. Methods In total, 94 patients with Eagle’s syndrome (treated from January 2010 to January 2019) were retrospectively enrolled. The postoperative curative effect was analysed by three surgical methods: styloid process resection through the external cervical approach, tonsillectomy + styloidectomy, and preservation of the tonsil for styloidectomy. Results The average length of the styloid process was 33 mm (range, 25–61 mm). The patients were followed up for 3–36 months (average, 15 months). Of the 94 patients, 20 underwent styloid process resection through the external cervical approach, 45 underwent tonsillectomy and styloidectomy, and 29 underwent styloidectomy with preservation of the tonsil. The treatment cured 45 (48%) cases, was effective in 31 (33%), and ineffective in 18 (19%). The SPSS 19.0 software was used to conduct a rank sum test, and there was no significant difference between the three types of operations (H = 0.521, P = 0.771). Conclusions Operation is an effective method for treating Eagle’s syndrome. There were no significant differences between the effects of the intraoral and external cervical approaches. Imaging examination—especially CT scanning and 3D reconstruction of the styloid process—is very helpful for diagnosis, but not an absolute criterion for the selection of surgery protocol.

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Anatomical and clinical relevance of elongated styloid process in a sample of the Colombian population

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.4322/jms.103916 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (01) ◽

pp. 036-039 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Baena-Caldas ◽

S. Rojas-Zuluaga ◽

X. Peckham

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Average Length ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Styloid Process ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Eagle’S Syndrome ◽

Specific Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Different Populations ◽

Observational Descriptive Study

Abstract Introduction: The styloid process is a cone-shaped process of the temporal bone with a normal length of 20 to 30 mm. It is considered “elongated” when its length is greater than 30mm. A temporal styloid process with a length of 25mm or more may cause Eagle's syndrome, a condition characterized by multiple clinical symptoms that can be explained by the anatomical relationships of the styloid process. The length of the styloid process depends on demographic variables such as race and geographical distribution; therefore normal patterns may vary among different populations. Due to its non-specific clinical manifestations, it would be relevant to know its prevalence in a specific population. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of styloid process elongation in a sample of the Colombian population. Material and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional, observational descriptive study. The length of 46 styloid processes from their origin to their vertex was determined in 46 hemifacial dissections. The corresponding right or left side of the head of the styloid process was also recorded. Results: The obtained average length of styloid processes was 35.1 ± 13.2 mm. 23 styloid processes (50%) measured over 30 mm, and 38 processes (82.6%) measured 25 mm or more. Conclusion: Since previous reports have shown that the onset of symptoms is variable and sometimes independent of the length of the styloid process, we suggest that the angulation of the styloid process is a clinical consideration as important as the length of the styloid process.

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A clinical study of the patients with elongated styloid process

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20171201 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 400 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suhas Y. Choudhari ◽

Aravind B. Sangavi

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Facial Pain ◽

Styloid Process ◽

X Ray ◽

Throat Pain ◽

Elongated Styloid Process ◽

Body Sensation ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Hematological Tests ◽

Rule Out

Background: The elongation of styloid process is considered an anomaly which can cause throat pain and cervico-facial pain and trigger a series of symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, facial pain, ear pain, headache, tinnitus and trismus. The present study was undertaken find out the length of styloid process in patients with throat pain.Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 150 patients. A detailed ENT and general examination was done apart from palpation of the styloid along the posterior tonsillar pillar, a routine Hematological tests with estimation of serum calcium levels, and X-ray towne view was done. Results: The female to male ratio was found to be 1.6:1. Of the 150 cases 92 were middle aged females, the severity of symptoms were directly proportional to the length and the thickness of the styloid. The symptoms ranged from foreign body sensation in the throat to cervicofacial pain and otalgia. Serum Calcium levels were elevated in 60% of the cases.Conclusions: Elongation of the styloid being multi-factorial in origin. A strong suspicion is required on the part of the surgeon to rule out this particular entity. A simple palpitation and an x- ray Towne view can establish the diagnosis of elongated styloid process.

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