scholarly journals Surgical hygiene

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Alexander Levit ◽  
Denise Darmawikarta
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
The World ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Surgical Checklist

Overwhelming rates of postsurgical adverse outcomes have been recognized to be preventable. As a means of minimizing the incidence of iatrogenesis, in 2005 the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Clean Care is Safer Care campaign, which focused on the importance of hand hygiene. Following its success, the WHO hoped to utilize similar strategies in their Safe Surgery Saves Lives campaign, which began in 2007. Despite active efforts to implement the associated 19-step surgical checklist, resource limitations restrict the full potential of such harm reduction strategies. Here, we discuss current evidence evaluating the effectiveness of the WHO’s surgical checklist and address challenges with respect to its application in the real world.

The World Health Organization hand hygiene observation method

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Sax ◽  
Benedetta Allegranzi ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Chraïti ◽  
John Boyce ◽  
Elaine Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Health Organization

The Behavioral and Cognitive Manifestations of Blindness in Children

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Pring ◽  
Valerie Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Ground-breaking progress in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders has allowed us far more insight into blindness and visual impairment (VI). The field of cognitive neuroscience has now established itself solidly in the literature, combining the knowledge from cognitive psychology, clinical studies related to brain damage, and neuroscience to open the way to significant advances in understanding. In recent years, the optimism engendered from the adult studies has played a large part in providing the impetus for developmental studies and in particular developmental neuroscience (Johnson 2005; Tager-Flusberg 1999). It is from this developmental neuroscience perspective that we can begin to understand the cognitive and behavioral manifestations associated with blindness and VI; albeit with the proviso that children with VI present particularly heterogeneous developmental patterns when compared to typically developing children (Fraiberg 1971). In considering the effects of blindness and VI, this chapter will focus on social understanding, language, cognition, and motor development. However, it begins with brief introductions to epidemiology and the effects of blindness on the functional and structural organization of the brain, which it is hoped will provide a useful context in which to consider the development of children who cannot see. Today the number of blind people in the world stands at 45 million, even though up to 75% of blindness could be avoided either by treatment or by prevention. The number of people with avoidable blindness will have doubled from 1990 to 2020 unless there is rapid and effective intervention, and the total number of the blind is projected to be as many as 76 million by 2020. To prevent this scenario, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) have jointly initiated Vision 2020, a project that aims to eliminate the main causes of avoidable blindness by the year 2020, with the ultimate long-term goal of a world in which all avoidable blindness is eliminated and in which everyone with unavoidable vision loss reaches their full potential. The top priority of Vision 2020 is the prevention of childhood blindness. At present there are 1.4 million children under the age of 15 who are blind.

scholarly journals Spinal surgery complications: an unsolved problem—Is the World Health Organization Safety Surgical Checklist an useful tool to reduce them?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-936
Author(s):  
Giovanni Barbanti-Brodano ◽  
Cristiana Griffoni ◽  
Jarkko Halme ◽  
Giuseppe Tedesco ◽  
Silvia Terzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Surgical Checklist

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether the World Health Organization Safety Surgical Checklist (SSC) is an effective tool to reduce complications in spinal surgery. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and radiological charts prospectively collected from patients who underwent a spinal surgery procedure from January 2010 to December 2012. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of complications between two periods, from January to December 2010 (without checklist) and from January 2011 and December 2012 (with checklist), in order to assess the checklist’s effectiveness. Results The sample size was 917 patients with an average of 30-month follow-up. The mean age was 52.88 years. The majority of procedures were performed for oncological diseases (54.4%) and degenerative diseases (39.8%). In total, 159 complications were detected (17.3%). The overall incidence of complications for trauma, infectious pathology, oncology, and degenerative disease was 22.2%, 19.2%, 18.4%, and 15.3%, respectively. No correlation was observed between the type of pathology and the complication incidence. We observed a reduction in the overall incidence of complications following the introduction of the SSC: In 2010 without checklist, the incidence of complications was 24.2%, while in 2011 and 2012, following the checklist introduction, the incidence of complications was 16.7% and 11.7%, respectively (mean 14.2%). Conclusions The SSC seems to be an effective tool to reduce complications in spinal surgery. We propose to extend the use of checklist system also to the preoperative and postoperative phases in order to further reduce the incidence of complications. Graphic abstract These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

The potential of the nursing profession to transform services

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Lisa Forbes
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Nursing Profession ◽  
World Health ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization has designated 2020 as the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife. Lisa Forbes asks if the full potential of nursing as a profession has yet to be realised outside the traditional health environment

scholarly journals Epidemiological Models of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) to Control the Transmission Based on Current Evidence: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Arora ◽  
Rishabh Jain ◽  
Harendra Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

In Wuhan city of China, an episode of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) happened. during late December and it has quickly spread to all places in the world. Until May 29, 2020, cases were high in the USA with 1.7 Million, Russia with approximately 387 thousand, the UK with 271 thousand confirmed cases. Everybody on the planet is anxious to know when the coronavirus pandemic will end. In this scourge, most nations force extreme medication measures to contain the spread of COVID-19. Modeling has been utilized broadly by every national government and the World Health Organization in choosing the best procedures to seek after in relieving the impacts of COVID-19. Many epidemiological models are studied to understand the spread of the illness and its prediction to find maximum capacity for human-to-human transmission so that control techniques can be adopted. Also, arrangements for the medical facilities required such as hospital beds and medical supplies can be made in advance. Many models are used to anticipate the results keeping in view the present scenario. There is an urgent need to study the various models and their impacts. In this study, we present a systematic literature review on epidemiological models for the outbreak of novel coronavirus in India. The epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 is also studied. Here, In addition, an attempt to take out the results from the exploration and comparing it with the real data. The study helps to choose the models that are progressive and dependable to predict and give legitimate methods for various strategies.

scholarly journals Multimodal strategy for hand hygiene in field hospitals of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josemar Batista ◽  
Danieli Parreira da Silva ◽  
Saimon da Silva Nazário ◽  
Elaine Drehmer de Almeida Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
System Change ◽  
World Health ◽  
Strategy System ◽  
Multimodal Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
Reflective Study ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Special Relevance ◽  
Reduced Time

ABSTRACT Objective: Reflect and propose adaptations to the Multimodal Hand Hygiene Strategy for field hospitals, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Reflective study, carried out in April 2020, based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the guide for the implementation of the five components of the Multimodal Strategy: system change related to infrastructure; training/education; evaluation and feedback; reminders in the workplace; and institutional security climate. Results: The Multimodal Strategy, proposed for hospitals in general, can be adapted for field hospitals in order to reduce the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Investments to adapt the infrastructure and education of workers require foresight and speed and are of special relevance to promote hand hygiene in this care context. Final considerations: Adjusting the Multimodal Strategy, especially for the reduced time in the execution of each component, is necessary for field hospitals with a view to preventing COVID-19.

scholarly journals Identifying the World Health Organization’s fifth moment for hand hygiene: Infection prevention in the operating room

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Fiona Smith ◽  
Karen Lee ◽  
Eleanor Binnie-McLeod ◽  
Mark Higgins ◽  
Elizabeth Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
World Health ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
The World ◽  
Hygiene Compliance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization have designed the fifth of their ‘5 moments’ for hand hygiene to account for microbial transfer from patients to equipment in a narrow area around that patient, known as the patient zone. The study was prompted by emerging local confusion about application of the patient zone in the operating room (OR). Aim/Objectives: In two phases, we aimed to create a ‘5 moments’ style poster displaying an OR patient zone: phase 1, quantify equipment, in direct contact with the patient and, touched by non-scrubbed staff immediately after touching the patient; and phase 2, categorise equipment identified in phase 1 into patient zone and healthcare zone. An objective is to produce a ‘5 moments’ poster for the OR. Methods: The first phase used non-participant direct overt observation. In phase 2, phase 1 data were collaboratively assigned to patient zone or healthcare zone. Photography and graphic design were used to produce the OR ‘5 moments’ poster. Results: In 11 full-length surgeries, 20 pieces of equipment were in direct contact with the patient and 57 pieces of equipment were touched. In phase 2, a ‘5 moments’ poster showing an OR patient zone was designed. Discussion: Content of the patient zone was identified and displayed in a novel resource. Having shared understanding of the patient zone has potential to sustain hand hygiene compliance and equipment cleaning in the OR. Conclusion: Limitations in methods were balanced by collaboration with frontline staff. The study has been used as a teaching tool in the OR and similar settings.

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