scholarly journals Environmental policies, bases for territorial planning. An approximation to the study of the environmental policies of the European Union. Challenges and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 229-279
Author(s):  
Ana Mariño García
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
European Environmental Policy ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Near Future

This work is aimed at analysing the functioning of the environmental policies of the European Union in order to address the use of these policies as well as the instruments to implement them, observing their efficacy to protect and preserve the environment in general and their particular social and human implications. First we will analyse international environmental policy, focusing on its consolidation through the creation of international organizations and treaties and on its theoretical background. Then, we will move forward to the development of environmental policy within the European Union, focusing on the functioning of this policy emphasizing its legal foundations on European Treaties. For this purpose we will analyse the principle of integration as well as the effectiveness of implementation regarding transposition of European law into national policy. We will also focus on the current situation of environmental policy within the Union going through the main innovations of the recent European Green Deal. Finally, some case studies will show us the reality of the European environmental policy and some of the challenges it will have to overcome in the near future. Through this work we will approach the repercussions the development of environmental policy has in international relations, paying special attention to its implications at supranational, national and regional scope within the European Union.

scholarly journals Considerations on the Environmental Policies and Strategies of the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Durac ◽  
Andreea Luminița Cărpușor
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Essential Connection ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The protection of environmental factors, of the environment as a whole, is a major and ever more pressing issue, which should be of interest to all mankind, to all the states, and to all political and governmental decision factors. In this sense, at the level of the Member States of the European Union, it was necessary to draw and adopt coherent environmental policies and strategies, which would insure an effective protection of the natural and anthropological factors, on the medium and long term. Environmental quality is a matter of general, global interest, which requires achieving appropriate environmental policies, taking into account the essential connection between the world’s economy and the environment. The environmental policy is a method of organising, coordinating, and institutionalising the complex activity of protecting the environmental factors, meant to set the strategies, means, and their implementation techniques at a national, regional, and global level, with the purpose of insuring the preservation and development of the environment. Within the European Union, the opportunity to draw and adopt an environmental policy was determined by the problems that surged following the rapid extension of pollution, a phenomenon that does not stop at the borders of one state or of Europe. Thus, in a first instance, the general policy concerning the environmental protection within the European Union was formulated and defined, through the elaboration and implementation of the Environmental Action Programmes, following which the European Commission established the sectoral strategies in the field, starting from the Strategy for sorting waste and continuing with the EU Strategy for natural protection, the EU Strategy for air pollution, and the EU Strategy for water pollution. In the end, by adopting the Strategy for Sustainable Development, the environmental policy is permanently connected to the environmental issues that may appear, leading to new tendencies in the actions for environmental protection. The efficiency of environmental policies in the European Union is materialized through improvements in the issues related to air quality, surface water quality, through the dissemination and delimitation of fauna protection areas, but there are still many contexts in which such approaches should be intensified, such as: global warming, deterioration of piscicultural fauna, decline in biodiversity.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTING EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND TURKEY: THE COST AND EXPENDITURES OF THE POLICY COMPLIANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
DİLARA SÜLÜN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Environmental Policy ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the European environmental policy and the tools that the European Union (EU) uses for the aim of protecting the environment. Environmental policy is of crucial importance indeed as it has direct impact on human’s health, on the quality of environment, on the well-being of all living creatures and species and on the preservation of our natural resources around the world. The EU is quite active in environmental protection policy making and the scope of her environmental policy expanded with time, including nowadays many aspects such as air, water and soil pollution, waste management, protection of the environment, industrial pollution, chemicals, climate change and noise pollution. The methodology of the study consists of the review and analysis of primary and secondary sources regarding EU legislation on European environmental policy. The requirements of environmental policy are exposed and evaluated at the European level and other international engagements at the global level such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement are also evaluated in our paper. European statistics and reports are evaluated to provide a good understanding and assessment of the relation between governments and corporations’ expenditures and the protection of environment in EU member states and in Turkey. Our paper also includes the implementation of the European environmental policy in Turkey, therefore Turkish of􀏐icial policy alignment and compliance is explained with data related to EU funded projects implemented by Turkish institutions. Regarding the relation between expenditures and environment, our 􀏐indings indicate a reverse causality effect; the quality of the environment determines the level of public expenditures indeed, and not vice-versa. As analyzed in our paper, governments and corporations’ investments related to environmental protection are quite low and they are in decline, this share needs to be increased both at the EU level and in Turkey. Key Words: European Union Environmental Policy, Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, Government Expenditures on Environmental Policy.

scholarly journals Effects of the European Union Agricultural and Environmental Policies in the Sustainability of Most Common Mediterranean Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Nunes ◽  
António Bonito ◽  
Luis Loures ◽  
José Gama ◽  
Antonio López-Piñeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mediterranean Soils

Always One Step Behind? National Legislatures and the European Union

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Raunio
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
One Step ◽  
Council Of Ministers

NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS ARE CENTRAL ACTORS IN THE SCRUTINY AND implementation of European Union (EU) legislation. Member state legislatures provide a channel for incorporating public opinion into the governance of the Union. Their importance has become more evident during the 1990s as debate has focused on the democratic deficit and deparliamentarization of European governance.National parliaments are involved in EU decision-making in three ways: they 1) participate in national policy formulation on Union legislation; 2) monitor the behaviour of member state representatives in the Council of Ministers and the European Council; and 3) have functions specifically regulated in the treaties, such as ratification of treaty amendments and implementation of directives. The third function differs from the first two as the treaties impose rights and duties on the national parliaments, whereas there is no EU law on national policy formulation on Union legislation or on the scrutiny of ministers. During the 1996-97 Intergovernmental Conference (ICC) the member states saw no need for such European-level regulation. Thus it is up to each national parliament – within the limits set by member state constitutions and other constraints – to decide how it deals with the challenges brought by EU membership.

scholarly journals Explaining the European Union’s Changing Position towards the Gibraltar Question after the Brexit Referendum

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Uğur Burç Yıldız İ ◽  
Anıl Çamyamaç
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
International Law ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

Abstract Having previously remained impartial on the Gibraltar question between Spain and Britain since both were member states, the European Union suddenly changed its position after the Brexit referendum in favor of the Spanish government at the expense of breaching international law. In doing so, the European Union, for the first time, created a foreign policy on the long-standing Gibraltar question. This article explores the reasons behind the creation of this foreign policy in support of Spain. The European Union feared that the idea of Euroscepticism may escalate among remaining member states after the Brexit referendum because of wide-spread claims that it would dissolve in the near future, fuelled by farright political parties. The European Union therefore created a foreign policy regarding Gibraltar in Spain’s favor in order to promote a “sense of community” for thwarting a further rise in Euroscepticism. While making its analysis, the article applies the assumption of social constructivism that ideas shape interests, which then determine the foreign policy choices of actors.

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