MALİYYƏ MENECMENTİNDƏ NAĞD PUL VƏSAİTLƏRİNİN EFFEKTİV İDARƏ EDİLMƏSİ

Declining and uncertain demand and disrupting supply chains create cash and turnover problems in enterprises. Businesses have difficulty collecting receivables from customers who do not have enough cash. There are also delays in enterprises' payments to suppliers and contractors due to short-term cash flows, ie short-term cash inflows. Companies need working capital and cash for their daily activities. There are also delays in enterprises' payments to suppliers and contractors due to short-term cash flows, ie short-term cash inflows. Excessive cash holdings also pose a number of problems, such as not being able to take advantage of lucrative investment opportunities. This article will provide information on how to determine the optimal level of cash, what approaches are used, the possibilities and limitations of these approaches, and what measures should be taken to control the inflow and outflow of cash. Keywords: cash, model,finance, alternative value, money management

THE EFFECT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATIONS ON HOSPITAL PERFORMANCE IN TURKEY

ÖZET Toplam Kalite Yönetimi uygulamalarının Türkiye'de hastane performansına etkisi Asena Tuğba EVREN SUBAŞI Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti İlk olarak sanayi sektöründe uygulamaya konulan ve faydası görülen kalite kavramı hizmet sektöründe de uyguamaya konulmuştur. Sağlık sektöründe ise hasta odaklılık, çalışan katılımı gibi Toplam Kalite uygulamalarının alt konuları ile uygulamaya geçiş sağlanmıştır. Hasta beklentilerinin tahmini ve hizmete kolay erişilebilirlilik ile memnuniyetinin sağlanması, hasta tarafından tercih edilebilirlilik, hasta sadakati ve gelen hasta sayısındaki artışı amaçlayan hastaneler aynı zamanda çalışanların memnuniyeti ve hızlı teşhis, doğru tedavi uygulaması ile kurum performansını arttırmayı amaçlamaktadırar. Hastanede kalış süresinin azaltılması ile hasta giriş çıkışlarının hızlanması ile hizmet verilen hasta sayısında artış sağlanması ve doğğumdan sonra beklenen yaşam süresi üzerinde olumlu etkisi olması beklenmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı sağlık alanında yoğunluk kazanan ve yaygınlaşan toplam kalite yöntemi uygulamalarının, hastanelerin performansına sağladığı katkının ortaya konmasıdır. Bu amaçla Türkiye, Rusya, Kore, Almanya ve Fransa olmak üzere ülkelerde hastanede kalış süresi ve doğumdan sonra beklenen yaşam süresi üzerinde etkili olarak faktörlerin belirlenmesi için panel veri analizi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda hastanede kalış süresi (gün) ve doğumdan sonra beklenen yaşam süresi üzerinde 100,000 kişi başına düşen MR görüntüleme ünitesi sayısının anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Toplam Kalite Yönetimi, Hastane Performansı, Panel Veri Analizi, Hastanede Kalış Süresi, Beklenen Yaşam Süresi

TÜRKİ YE’Nİ N YENİ BÖLGELERE YÖNELİ K “İ DDİ ALI” DIŞ POLİ Tİ KASI: HERKESİ N DOSTLARA İ HTİ YACI VAR

This article’s main argument is that after failure of ‘zero problems with neighbours’ oriented foreign policy Turkey is experiencing the transformation of foreign policy and more focusing towards the regions which were ignored before. After Arab Spring, especially after the Syrian Crisis, it has been observed that ‘zero problem with neighbours’ oriented foreign policy became ineffective and lost its effect in the Middle East. However, this does not mean that Turkey’s foreign policy loses its assertiveness. After assertive policies towards Middle East and Mediterranean areas, Turkey’s assertive foreign policy shifted towards new regions, which are historically, have less confrontation with Turkey and has positive trends against Turkey such as Caucasus and Central Asia. In this context, while the relations with the Turkic Council were deepened, the policy towards this region became clear with the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. During the Second Nagorno- Karabakh War Turkey gave strong support to Azerbaıjan both in term of rhetoric and military support as well based on Turkish drones and other Turkish made military equipment which shows the assertiveness of Turkey. The development of the Turkic Council’s member countries both politically and economically made organization an important regional actor. Thus, Turkic Council become an important tool for Turkish foreign policy in terms of assertiveness. Turkey’s assertive foreign policy will increase which is the in compliance with the Turkey’s national security. Also for region countries, it is important that Turkey put weight on region, which is crucial for Turkish foreign policy. Keywords: Assertiveness, Caucasus, Turkish Foreign Policy, Turkic Council.

DÜNYA BASININDA TÜRKİ YE’Nİ N S/İ HA GÜCÜ VE KÜRESEL Sİ YASETE YANSIMALARI

Technological innovations in the 􀏐ield of informatics, rapid developments in subjects such as arti􀏐icial intelligence and robotic engineering have put Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UCAV) into the battle􀏐ield of the 21st century. At this point, states whose common concerns are security have taken the path of both obtaining intelligence and developing unmanned aerial systems, whose use is rapidly increasing in the 􀏐ield of war-defense. It is known that many countries are currently working on developing and producing UAVs, beside United States of America (USA) and Israel which both have advanced unmanned aerial systems. Because states that are developing and manufacturing their own unmanned aerial systems are aware that this situation will provide a strategic advantage in terms of their military, political and economic interests. In this context, Turkey didn’t stay indifferent to the developments of unmanned aerial systems emerging in each passing day, it has made considerable momentum towards the last 􀏐ifteen years to develop national and indigenous UAV systems. Especially since mid-2010, these systems have been used ef􀏐iciently in both intra border operations and crossborder operations The main question of this article is how Turkey’s UAV/UCAV power is re􀏐lected in global politics and in this direction, world press will be scanned. In this context, this study will primarily explained by Turkey’s domestic and national development of unmanned aerial systems adventure in general terms; then Turkey’s use of these vehicles in where and for what purpose will be evaluated. Afterward it will be evaluated that how Turkey’s power of UAV/UCAV is perceived by other states in economic and military-political aspects by examining the relevant state press and publishing organizations Keywords: Turkey, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles, Press- Publishing Organizations.

TÜRK DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA DAVUTOĞLU DÖNEMİ VE STRATEJİK DERİNLİK DOKTRİNİ: GÜNEY KAFKASYA ÜLKELERI ÖRNEĞİ

The Justice and Development Party (JDP) and its new cadre have entered into Turkish political life by the general elections held in 2002. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Davutoğlu, one of the members of the new cadre, has been considered as the architect of foreign policy discourse and practices pursued under JDP rule between 2002-2016. Davutoğlu has become both the theoretician and the practitioner of foreign policy strategies, which has been built on his “Strategic Depth Doctrine”. Davutoğlu has aimed to reach a new foreign policy strategy by the new principles such as “multidimensional foreign policy”, “rhythmic diplomacy”, “zero problems with neighbors”, “maximum international cooperation”, “proactive foreign policy” and “order instituting actor”. In these contexts, the aim of the paper is twofold. The 􀏐irst one is to 􀏐ind out whether Davutoğlu’s new foreign policy principles have been implemented in the foreign policy-making processes of the South Caucasus states of Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia and, if yes, the second one is to de􀏐ine the policy re􀏐lections over Turkey’s foreign relations with these states. For this aim, three speci􀏐ic cases, which are critical to these states, have been selected: the Russian-Georgian War (2008), the Armenian Opening, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Con􀏐lict. The method of discourse analysis has been utilized and Davutoğlu’s books, articles, interviews, and speeches have been reviewed.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND WOMEN’S POLITICAL REPRESENTATION: AN ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE IN FORMAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN TURKEY FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE

Today, the necessity of addressing development not only with its economic dimension but also with its social and environmental dimensions has been accepted by the international community. Alternative Women and Development approaches that emerged in the 1970s also emphasized that the idea of development without women would not be possible, and that the main development is possible with the empowerment of women as important actors of development. It is a dominant view that is agreed in the literature on women and gender studies that one of the most important tools for achieving empowerment, which is conceptualized as “gaining the ability of women to make strategic life choices”, is their participation in decision-making mechanisms. In this context, it is vital for women to participate in formal politics with their own perspective in order to solve their own problems based on their own gendered experiences. In this study, inadequate political representation of women in Turkey, as a candidate to be among the developed countries, is discussed from a gender perspective in terms of reasons, results and solutions. Keywords: Political participation, gender, women and development, empowerment.