The History of Route 66

During its existence from 1926 to its formal decommissioning in 1985, US Highway 66, or Route 66, came to occupy a special place in the American imagination. For a half-century and more, it symbolized American individualism, travel, and the freedom of the open road with the transformative rise of America’s automobile culture. Route 66 was an essential connection between the Midwest and the West for American commercial, military, and civilian transportation. It chained together small towns and cities across the nation as America’s “Main Street.” Following the path of older trails and railroads, Route 66 hosted travelers in many different eras: the adventurous motorist in his Ford Model A in the 1920s, the Arkies and Okies desperate for a new start in California in the 1930s, trucks carrying wartime soldiers and supplies in the 1940s, and postwar tourists and travelers from the 1950s onward. By its nature, it brought together diverse cultures of different regions, introducing Americans to the “others” that were their regional neighbors, and exposing travelers to new arts, music, foods, and traditions. It became firmly embedded in pop culture through songs, books, television, and advertisements for its attractions as America’s most famous road. Travel on Highway 66 steadily declined with the development of controlled-access interstate highways in the 1960s and 1970s. The towns and cities it connected and the many businesses and attractions dependent on its traffic and tourism protested the removal of the highway designation by the US Transportation Department in 1985, but their efforts failed. Nonetheless, revivalists who treasured the old road worked to preserve the road sections and attractions that remained, as well as founding a wide variety of organizations and donating to museums and libraries to preserve Route 66 ephemera. In the early 21st century, Route 66 is an international icon of America, traveled by fans from all over the world.

Language ideologies of emerging institutional frameworks of Mapudungun revitalization in contemporary Chile: nation, Facebook, and the moon of Pandora

This article is a succinct approach to Mapudungun language ideologies and their development within the political and economic context of 21st century Chile. Social media have empowered Mapudungun language activists and intellectuals and helped them create digital communities, some with hundreds of thousands of followers, from which they establish and promote language policies, defined by themselves. Among the most relevant language ideologies found in the corpus, there is a representation of Indigenous languages as sacred, or untouchable, often implying an essential connection between Indigenous cultures and the natural or spiritual world. This representation (called “cosmovisionism” by activists) tends to contradict modernizing language ideologies that circulate in emerging Mapudungun language planning, mainly due to the influence of Basque and Catalan models based on the notion of language normalization, actively promoted in Chile by agents from those domains. Modernizing visions of Mapudungun tend to be linked to a nationalist political project that demands a solid connection between land, people, history, cultural identity, and language. This leads to ideological tensions between the urgency to anonymize and the need to depoliticize the language, both simultaneously considered fundamental to secure Mapudungun’s expansion.

ON THE DISCOVERY OF THE "LAW OF PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOS BY MEANS OF SAVING HARMONY ON A TRUE SPIRITUAL BASIS"

The article highlights the scientific discovery of the author. In this case, the category of the duality of the world "Harmony-disharmony" is used, which is both spiritual and material at the same time. Spiritually oriented worldview is given special attention. The purpose of a person's life in our earthly life is set by our Creator and consists in successfully passing the tests for confession in earthly life. This allows a person to hope for eternal life in paradise. The concept of Harmony has tremendous methodological significance for humanities. A comparative analysis of two forms of life of individuals and societies is given. The role of saving Harmony, its laws is stated, including the newly discovered one. Harmony means an essential connection, dimensionality, conformity, unity of various spheres of society, without fail on the basis of true spirituality and morality. The paradigm of Harmony is a systemic combination of demoethics "D" as the main sphere with three other spheres of society (demography "D", democracy "D" and demoeconomics "D") according to the formula "D + 3D". The absence or lagging behind of one of these spheres means disharmony, lack of spirituality and immorality are especially pernicious. In Harmony, there is an economic Law of dominant elevation of true spiritual needs over reasonable material and non-material needs and desires of individuals.

The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience

What are the materials of conscious perceptual experience? What is going on when we are consciously aware of a visual scene, or hear sounds, or otherwise enjoy sensory experience? In The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience David Papineau exposes the flaws in contemporary answers to this central philosophical question and defends a new alternative. Contemporary theories of perceptual experience all hold that conscious experiences reach out into the world beyond the mind. According to naïve realism, experiences literally incorporate perceived facts, while representationalism holds that experiences contain ordinary properties of the kind possessed by physical objects. These ideas might seem attractive at first sight, but Papineau shows that they do not stand up to examination. Instead Papineau argues for a purely qualitative account of sensory experience. Conscious sensory experiences are intrinsic states of people with no essential connection to external circumstances or represented properties. This might run counter to initial intuition, but Papineau shows that it is the only view that fits the facts. He develops this qualitative theory in detail, showing how it can accommodate the rich structure of sensory experience. Papineau’s qualitative account has respectable antecedents in the history of philosophy, and is also probably the view adopted by most non-specialists, be they reflective high school students, practising neuroscientists, or philosophers working outside the philosophy of perception. By placing the qualitative theory on a firm footing, Papineau shows all those curious about experience that they need not be restricted to the options on the contemporary philosophical menu.

Bacterial Contamination of Some Domestic and Laboratory Refrigerators in Port Harcourt Metropolis

Background: A refrigerator is a potential source of pathogen contamination leading to food spoilage and food borne diseases. It forms an essential connection in broad chain of cross contamination which might possibly lead to the outbreaks of food borne diseases. Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate bacterial Contamination of Some Domestic and Laboratory Refrigerators in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Methodology: This study was done in Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers state, Nigeria. Sterile swab sticks moistened with peptone water were used to swab the handles, bases, sides and shelves of domestic (90) and laboratory (60) refrigerators. One hundred and fifty (150) samples obtained in total were inoculated and identified using standard conventional methods of bacteria identification. Results: The results showed 100% bacterial contamination. With prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus(30.6%), Klebsiella pneumonia (5.3%), Vibro cholera (4.7%), Escherichia coli (4%), Salmonella typhi (3.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2%), Bacillus cereus (1.3%), Clostridium botulinium (1.3%), Shigellaspecies (1.3%), Listeria monocytogenes (1.3%), Proteus mirabilis (1.3%), Vibroparahaemolyticus (1.3%), Yersinia enterocolitica (1.3%) and Clostridium perfringens(0.7%). Chi square confirms that relationships exist between bacteria isolate with the batch sampled (chi square =139.239; df=54; p=0.00), Gram reaction (chi square =150.000; df=18; p=0.00) and the refrigerator type (chi square =35.325; df=18; p=0.00). However, no statistically significant association exists between isolates and positions on Refrigerator (chi square = 68.080; df=72; p=0.61). Conclusion: The outcome of this study confirms the presence of mesophilics and psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerators, including potential foodborne pathogens which can cause serious health challenges. Hence, refrigerators are potential pathogen contamination sources. Therefore, proper hand hygiene, awareness and sensitization on maintenance of appropriate, good storage and refrigerator management is recommended for all.

A New WoT Cryptography Algorithm Based on GOST and Novel 5d Chaotic System

The concept Web of Things (WoT) goes well beyond the emphasis on the Internet as a means of sharing data, instead of introducing all resources and connections involving computers, data, and people to the Web. It, therefore, focuses on a range of problems and opportunities, thus paving the way for several exciting industries applications. In cryptography a range of main characteristics of chaotic systems such as non-linearity, initial condition sensitivity, and mixing properties are available. These characteristics provide an essential connection between cryptography and chaos. GOST block cipher is based on secret key secrecy. However, when the encryption process with the same key is used for plaintext, the same cipher text is created. Message replication can be easily detected by an adversary who is a bad link in every communication. In this paper, propose to use a 5d chaotic system combined with GOST block cipher to create a new secure Web of Things (WoT) cryptography system. The 5D chaotic system was used to generate chaotic random keys used in GOST algorithm to provide proper security with as high hardness randomly enhances the NIST fifteen statistical tests and modifies key schedule as security operations.

Verification of electromagnetic essential connection

Magnetic field and electric field are two independent states, known by the law of electromagnetic induction, changes in magnetic flux can generate induced electromotive force. electric wires of all materials can generate magnetic fields, we think that the magnetic field is not a characteristic, but the commonality of all elements, In order to explore the inner connection between the two transformations, we made a series of theoretical assumptions and experimental verification, the first time observed the magnetization phenomenon of copper, prove that magnetization is a process of uneven distribution of charges, the magnetic field is a specific frequency range. It has important reference value for the basic research of electromagnetic waves, guide a research of magnetic materials.

INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF UHF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THE OUTPUT OF ROLLED GROATS OF WHEAT SPELT

Wheat spelt is a promising crop. A high food value and high-quality biochemical composition of grains make wheat spelt favorably remarkable for groats production. Preservation of the food value is an important task of food production, but regimes of grain processing must provide good culinary quality and consumption safety. The aim of our work is to study regimes of irradiation and humidification of wheat spelt grains, influencing the output and culinary quality of the ready product; development of recommendations as to production of rolled groats. There is studied an influence of different regimes of water-thermal processing on the total output of groats and rolled groats of the highest sort. The reliable connection between the output of rolled groats of the higher sort and duration of irradiation by the electromagnetic field of the ultrahigh frequency and grain humidification has been established. No essential connection as been established between humidification and the total output of groats. The duration increase of UHF-irradiation (>120–140 s) conditions the essential growth of dust middlings and decrease of rolled groats of the highest sort. The long-term irradiation (180 s) conditions the decrease of groats boiling duration by 17 % comparing with the short-term processing (20 s). The established influences of the factors are preconditions for transferring obtained technological solutions and their use under conditions of existing groats factories of different productivity