Women Labor Force Participation and Governance in Developing Economies: A Panel Analysis

The current study empirically investigates the relationship among female labor force participation and governance in developing nations, using panel data of 62 developing countries, from year 1996 to 2016. The two variables taken as dependent variables are women labor force participation and governance. Results of GMM estimation showed that there is positive association between women labor force participation and governance. Education, GDP per capita, and globalization has positive, while income inequality has negative impact on governance. Similarly, education, fertility rate and rural population has negative, and globalization has positive impact on female labor force participation. So, it is concluded that the importance of governance and women labor force participation cannot be refused in terms of growth enhancement, which will consequently improve the social and economic conditions of developing countries.

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Women’s Employment and Fertility: A Welfare Regime Paradox

10.31235/osf.io/ye6gu ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Liana Christin Landivar ◽

Carter T. Butts

Keyword(s):

Child Care ◽

Labor Force ◽

Labor Force Participation ◽

Positive Association ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Female Labor Force Participation ◽

Full Time ◽

Female Labor ◽

Country Level ◽

Employment Rates

In this article we methodologically assess the paradox posited by other researchers of fertility: namely, why fertility is so much lower in the familialistic countries of Southern and Eastern Europe. We examine the relationship between individual attributes, aggregate female labor force participation, child care enrollment, family leave, and individual fertility in twenty developed countries using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Our results indicate that women's full-time employment and country-level employment rates decrease expected fertility in contrast to recent research which shows a reversal in the negative association between total fertility rates and female labor force participation during the 1980s. However, the positive association between child care enrollment and fertility indicates that child care services might mitigate some of the decline in fertility, possibly by reducing labor force exit among women with young children.

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Human Capital and Endogenous Growth: Incorporating the Role of Unemployment in Determining Returns

Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies ◽

10.26710/jafee.v7i1.1619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 251-262

Author(s):

Hina Ali ◽

Saadia Irshad ◽

Maria Shams Khakwani ◽

Tayyaba Naveed

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Labor Market ◽

Labor Force ◽

Labor Force Participation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Female Labor Force Participation ◽

Education Level ◽

Series Data ◽

Human Beings ◽

Female Labor

This study reported the returns to Human Capital in Pakistan. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the returns to human capital. In Pakistan, the level of output is dependent on manpower. Human Capital is a significant contributor in the way to betterment in the economic condition. In this study, time series data is used, and co-integration is applied for the empirical estimation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), education, mortality, enrolment, unemployment, and age are the core variables of the research. Education has a positive impact on productivity. An increase in education level raises the female labor force participation in Pakistan. The presence of children decreases the early age participation in the labor market. The result shows that when the education level is increased, it boosts the economic activity, and the female labor force participation is the main reason that is increasing its likelihood. It is recommended that government should provide better facilities of education to enhance the female force participation in the labor market in the case of developing countries, by providing the best grades and tasks to the human beings both male and female, thus the level of returns by human capital utilization may increase.

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Globalization and Female Labor Force Participation in Developing Countries: An Empirical (Re-)Assessment

Globalization ◽

10.1007/978-3-662-49502-5_22 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 545-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Konstantin M. Wacker ◽

Arusha Cooray ◽

Isis Gaddis

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Labor Force ◽

Labor Force Participation ◽

Female Labor Force Participation ◽

Female Labor

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What Explains Uneven Female Labor Force Participation Levels and Trends in Developing Countries?

The World Bank Research Observer ◽

10.1093/wbro/lkz005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 161-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stephan Klasen

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Labor Force ◽

Labor Force Participation ◽

Economic Structure ◽

Female Labor Force Participation ◽

Female Employment ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Women's Labor ◽

Female Labor ◽

Women's Labor Force Participation

Abstract Rapid fertility decline, a strong expansion of female education, and favorable economic conditions should have promoted female labor force participation in developing countries. Yet trends in female labor force participation rates (FLFP) have been quite heterogeneous, rising strongly in Latin America and stagnating in many other regions, while improvements were modest in the Middle East and female participation even fell in South Asia. These trends are inconsistent with secular theories such as the feminization U hypothesis but point to an interplay of initial conditions, economic structure, structural change, and persistent gender norms and values. We find that differences in levels are heavily affected by historical differences in economic structure that circumscribe women's economic opportunities still today. Shocks can bring about drastic changes, with the experience of socialism being the most important shock to women's labor force participation. Trends are heavily affected by how much women's labor force participation depends on their household's economic conditions, how jobs deemed appropriate for more educated women are growing relative to the supply of more educated women, whether growth strategies are promoting female employment, and to what extent women are able to break down occupational barriers within the sectors where women predominantly work.

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