scholarly journals The Melon Short paleobotanical and historical-linguistic review

Author(s):  
Guram Chikovani ◽  

Vegetation occupies a special place on the Earth. It was easily recognized by our remote ancestors who worshipped plants and animals together with the visible world. From the biblical viewpoint about the origin of the world and living organs and resulting from further scientific conceptions, origin and evolution of plants and their special function have always been given great importance. Plants are an unconditional source of life on earth. With their development, early humans changed their ideas about and relationship with the changing environment. After the formation of convenient natural conditions, in different regions of the earth humans started developing a new form of production – land farming and cattle breeding and began creating new firm settlements. Consequently, there emerged new concepts –cultivated plants and domesticated animals - in economic activity. Improved species of plants and animals were created by means of human interference, which is why their majority have preserved only the gene and some characteristics of their wild ancestors. One of such cultivated agricultural plants is the melon with its very interesting history of evolution.

DIALOGO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-251
Author(s):  
Andreas May

"A synthesis of research results of modern natural sciences and fundamental statements of the Christian faith is attempted. The creation of the universe is addressed. Four important events in the history of the Earth as well as the diversity of living beings are shortly discussed. There are good reasons to believe that the universe was created by a transcendent superior being, which we call God, and that this superior being intervened in evolution and Earth history to promote the development of intelligent life. Furthermore, it can be concluded that intelligent life is very rare in the universe. This is the explanation for the “Fermi paradox”. Intelligent life on planet Earth has cosmic significance. The overabundance of this universe inspires the hope for participating in the fulfilled eternity of the Creator in transcendence. Prehistoric humans had long had hope for life after biological death. While scientific speculation about the end of the universe prophesies scenarios of destruction, the Christian faith says that humanity is destined to be united with Jesus Christ. Furthermore, all evolution will be completed with the Creator in transcendence. Then the whole of creation will “obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God”. From the first primitive living cell, an abundance of the most diverse living beings has evolved. Comparably, humanity has differentiated into a plethora of different cultures. This entire abundance will find its unification and fulfilment in transcendence with the Creator of the universe, without its diversity being erased."


Author(s):  
Ian A. Crawford ◽  
Katherine H. Joy

The lunar geological record contains a rich archive of the history of the inner Solar System, including information relevant to understanding the origin and evolution of the Earth–Moon system, the geological evolution of rocky planets, and our local cosmic environment. This paper provides a brief review of lunar exploration to-date and describes how future exploration initiatives will further advance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon, the Earth–Moon system and of the Solar System more generally. It is concluded that further advances will require the placing of new scientific instruments on, and the return of additional samples from, the lunar surface. Some of these scientific objectives can be achieved robotically, for example by in situ geochemical and geophysical measurements and through carefully targeted sample return missions. However, in the longer term, we argue that lunar science would greatly benefit from renewed human operations on the surface of the Moon, such as would be facilitated by implementing the recently proposed Global Exploration Roadmap.


Author(s):  
Andréia Cordeiro Mecca ◽  
Miriã Martins de Brito

Resumo O objetivo central deste ensaio foi discutir a diferença entre uma sociedade pautada na produção de mercadorias, que nega a fruição do ócio a favor do capital, e sociedades indígenas ameríndias, que valorizam a vida humana e dos demais seres. As raízes históricas do capitalismo foram base para reflexão de como a exploração do trabalho humano tornou-se o centro da busca por acumulação de riquezas. Depois abordamos visões de sociedades indígenas ameríndias que, desde uma filosofia ancestral em sintonia com a existência e a coexistência, respeitam a outrem e a Terra. Consideramos, com base na literatura escrita por indígenas, bem como de autores/as alinhados/as a referenciais suleados, a possibilidade de outro mundo possível, especialmente observando a filosofia do Bem-Viver, que aponta para a construção coletiva e harmônica de novas formas de viver, que valorizam e respeitam a diversidade, a natureza, a vida na Terra e da Terra.Palavras-chave: Bem-Viver. Ócio. Trabalho. Resistance and coexistence: from the production of goods to the revolution of life Abstract The purpose of this essay was to discuss the difference between a society based on the production of goods, which denies the enjoyment of leisure in favor of capital, and Amerindian indigenous societies, which value human life and that of other beings. The history of capitalism is the basis for reflecting on how the exploitation of human labor results in the accumulation of wealth. Then, we approach visions of indigenous Amerindian societies whose existence and coexistence respect each other and the Earth. We consider, based on the literature written by indigenous people, as well as authors aligned with southern references, another possible world, especially observing the philosophy of Good-Living and new ways of living, which value and respect diversity, nature, life on Earth and Earth.Keywords: Good-Living. Idleness. Job. Resistencia y coexistencia: desde la producción de mercaderías hasta la valoración de la vida Resumen El objetivo principal de este ensayo fue discutir la diferencia entre una sociedad basada en la producción de mercaderías, que niega el disfrute del ocio a favor del capital, y las sociedades indígenas amerindias, que valoran la vida humana y la de otros seres. Las raíces históricas del capitalismo fueron la base para reflexionar sobre cómo la explotación del trabajo humano se convirtió en el centro de la búsqueda de la acumulación de riquezas. Después nos acercamos a visiones de sociedades indígenas amerindias que, desde una filosofía ancestral en sintonía con la existencia y la coexistencia, respetan a otren y a la Tierra. Consideramos, a partir de la literatura escrita por indígenas, así como de autores/as alineados con referenciales sureñados, la posibilidad de otro mundo posible, especialmente observando la filosofía del Buen-Vivir, que apunta a la construcción colectiva y armónica de nuevas formas de vivir, que valoran y respetan la diversidad, la naturaleza, la vida en la Tierra y en la Tierra.Palabras clave: Buen-Vivir. Ocio. Trabajo.


Author(s):  
Bill Jenkins

The dominant school of geology in Edinburgh in the early nineteenth century was that of the followers of the German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner. His most important disciple in the English-speaking world was Edinburgh’s professor of natural history, Robert Jameson. The Wernerians believed that the history of the earth was fundamentally directional; they believed the earth started out as a ball of hot fluid from which the different rocks that now form the crust of the planet gradually precipitated out over geological time. It is argued in this chapter that this directional model of the geological history of the earth was peculiarly compatible with a progressive model of the history of life on earth. The changes in the physical condition of the earth over geological time were seen by some Wernerian geologists as driving the evolution of life.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia N. Kogarko ◽  
Lalchand G. Gwalani ◽  
Peter J. Downes ◽  
Kirtikumar R. Randive

AbstractThis is the second part of a two-volumespecial issue of Open Geoscience (formerly Central European Journal of Geosciences) that aims to be instrumental in providing an update of Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks and Alkaline- Carbonatitic Magmatism and Associated Hydrothermal Mineralization. Together, these two volumes provide a detailed and comprehensive coverage of the subjects that are relevant to the research work of P.Comin-Chiaramonti (Italy) and LiaN. Kogarko (Russia) towhomPart-I and Part- II have been respectively dedicated. To a significant extent, the development of advanced sampling technologies related to alkaline and carbonatitic magmatism by Lia N. Kogarko, has allowed geoscientists to measure and sample the deep crust of the planet not only for the exploration for the mineral deposits, but also to answer basic scientific questions about the origin and evolution of alkaline rocks (kimberlites, lamproites and related rocks associated with carbonatites). The papers presented in this Part-II of the special issue cover the petrology and geochemistry of the rocks collected from the surface and penetrated by drilling. Lia Kogarko proposed a new theory for the evolution of alkaline magmatism in the geological history of the Earth – that the appearance of alkaline magmatism at the Archaean-Proterozoic boundary (~2.5 – 2.7 Ga), and its growing intensity, was related to changes in the geodynamic regime of the Earth and oxidation of the mantle due to mantle-crust interaction.


1994 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Dale A. Russell

If one were to ask a group of paleontologists “How do dinosaurs fit into the history of life on Earth?” the answers would all be different. The question is so big that it surpasses the vision of a single person, and the answers would be as diverse as those of the blind men describing an elephant from its parts. The answer which follows is also from someone who cannot see the whole “elephant.” It is so simple that it is surely grossly inadequate, like lamely describing the hypnotically beautiful appearance of the Earth from space as spherical.


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