Image-based Object Classification of Defects in Steel using Data-driven Machine Learning Optimization

Data mining is a technique that finds relationships and trends in large datasets to promote decision support. Classification is a data mining technique that maps data into predefined classes often referred as supervised learning because classes are determined before examining data. Different classification algorithms have been proposed for the effective classification of data. Among others, Weka is an open-source data mining software with which classification can be achieved. It is also well suited for developing new machine learning schemes. It allows users to quickly compare different machine learning methods on new datasets. It has several graphical user interfaces that enable easy access to the underlying functionality. CBA is a data mining tool which not only produces an accurate classifier for prediction, but it is also able to mine various forms of association rules. It has better classification accuracy and faster mining speed. It can build accurate classifiers from relational data and mine association rules from relational data and transactional data. CBA also has many other features like cross validation for evaluating classifiers and allows the user to view and to query the discovered rules.

Download Full-text

Machine-Learning Classifiers for Malware Detection Using Data Features

Journal of ICT Research and Applications ◽

10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2021.15.3.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 265-290

Author(s):

Saleh Abdulaziz Habtor ◽

Ahmed Haidarah Hasan Dahah

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Decision Making ◽

Data Processing ◽

Evaluation Framework ◽

Artificial Learning ◽

Processing Module ◽

N Gram ◽

Using Data ◽

Complete Process

The spread of ransomware has risen exponentially over the past decade, causing huge financial damage to multiple organizations. Various anti-ransomware firms have suggested methods for preventing malware threats. The growing pace, scale and sophistication of malware provide the anti-malware industry with more challenges. Recent literature indicates that academics and anti-virus organizations have begun to use artificial learning as well as fundamental modeling techniques for the research and identification of malware. Orthodox signature-based anti-virus programs struggle to identify unfamiliar malware and track new forms of malware. In this study, a malware evaluation framework focused on machine learning was adopted that consists of several modules: dataset compiling in two separate classes (malicious and benign software), file disassembly, data processing, decision making, and updated malware identification. The data processing module uses grey images, functions for importing and Opcode n-gram to remove malware functionality. The decision making module detects malware and recognizes suspected malware. Different classifiers were considered in the research methodology for the detection and classification of malware. Its effectiveness was validated on the basis of the accuracy of the complete process.

Download Full-text

Can machine learning augment clinician adjudication of events in cardiovascular trials? A case study of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) across CVRM trials

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

H Lea ◽

E Hutchinson ◽

A Meeson ◽

S Nampally ◽

G Dennis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Learning Algorithms ◽

Model Performance ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Classification Models ◽

Using Data

Abstract Background and introduction Accurate identification of clinical outcome events is critical to obtaining reliable results in cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs). Current processes for event adjudication are expensive and hampered by delays. As part of a larger project to more reliably identify outcomes, we evaluated the use of machine learning to automate event adjudication using data from the SOCRATES trial (NCT01994720), a large randomized trial comparing ticagrelor and aspirin in reducing risk of major cardiovascular events after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Purpose We studied whether machine learning algorithms could replicate the outcome of the expert adjudication process for clinical events of ischemic stroke and TIA. Could classification models be trained on historical CVOT data and demonstrate performance comparable to human adjudicators? Methods Using data from the SOCRATES trial, multiple machine learning algorithms were tested using grid search and cross validation. Models tested included Support Vector Machines, Random Forest and XGBoost. Performance was assessed on a validation subset of the adjudication data not used for training or testing in model development. Metrics used to evaluate model performance were Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), Matthews Correlation Coefficient, Precision and Recall. The contribution of features, attributes of data used by the algorithm as it is trained to classify an event, that contributed to a classification were examined using both Mutual Information and Recursive Feature Elimination. Results Classification models were trained on historical CVOT data using adjudicator consensus decision as the ground truth. Best performance was observed on models trained to classify ischemic stroke (ROC 0.95) and TIA (ROC 0.97). Top ranked features that contributed to classification of Ischemic Stroke or TIA corresponded to site investigator decision or variables used to define the event in the trial charter, such as duration of symptoms. Model performance was comparable across the different machine learning algorithms tested with XGBoost demonstrating the best ROC on the validation set for correctly classifying both stroke and TIA. Conclusions Our results indicate that machine learning may augment or even replace clinician adjudication in clinical trials, with potential to gain efficiencies, speed up clinical development, and retain reliability. Our current models demonstrate good performance at binary classification of ischemic stroke and TIA within a single CVOT with high consistency and accuracy between automated and clinician adjudication. Further work will focus on harmonizing features between multiple historical clinical trials and training models to classify several different endpoint events across trials. Our aim is to utilize these clinical trial datasets to optimize the delivery of CVOTs in further cardiovascular drug development. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): AstraZenca Plc

Download Full-text