scholarly journals Post 2003 Iraq and Unhappy Reality: A Study in Sinan Antoon’s The Corpse Washer

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Rana Ali Mhoodar
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Traumatic Experience

This paper focuses on the existence of traumatic indications, like flashbacks and nightmares, feebleness and submission, distorted viewpoints of both present and future, alienated and disoriented people, and the robust diasporic impulse. As a genre of literature, novel has developed to be a fundamental way in revealing one’s country’s being destructed and increasingly annihilated of its people. Novel in Iraq has touched surrealism, nonlinearity, fragmented events, and other techniques used in narrating and documenting the unescapable reality and the situations of trauma by which the country has suffered for years and years. Characteristics of both form and content are employed by Sinan Antoon employs and of those are fragmentation, nonlinearity, and nightmares to novelize the traumatic events experienced by the Iraqi people. Analysing the extracts has suggested that traumatic experience brought about by persistent occurrence of conflicts and dictatorship have turned the Iraqi people into traumatized characters and molded their existence, identity, and ties to the place. Keywords: Sinan Antoon, The Corpse Washer, Pos2003, Iraqi Novel, Fragmentation,

scholarly journals Trauma Experiences of African Men from a Refugee Background in Western Australia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Obiechina Nnadigwe ◽  
Colleen Fisher ◽  
Lisa Wood ◽  
Karen Martin.
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Potentially Traumatic Events ◽  
African Refugee

Abstract Background As people from the African continent continue to settle in Australia, exposure of men from African refugee backgrounds to potentially traumatic events not only impact negatively on their settlement but have also been linked to increased mental health issues and family and domestic violence. This study aims to describe the prevalence and dominant forms of potentially traumatic experiences of African men from a refuge background in Western Australia. Methods Survey data from 421 African men from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Republic of Congo–Brazzaville, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Sudan and South Sudan, Burundi and Somalia were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results The study showed that 81% of the participants experienced at least one potentially traumatic event either in their home country or in a refugee country. However, the prevalence of potentially traumatic events in their home country ranged from 45% (Somalia) to 95% (Democratic Republic of Congo) while in refuge countries, the potentially traumatic experience prevalence ranged from 17% (Somalia) to 51% (Sudan and South Sudan). The majority of the participants (64%) experienced "War at close quarter" in their home country. In comparison, the dominant potentially traumatic experience in refuge countries was "Forced Separation" (28%). The study showed that 53% of the participants who experienced one or more potentially traumatic events in their home country also experienced one or more potentially traumatic events in the refugee country. Conclusions This study will provide baseline data on the prevalence and dominant forms of potentially traumatic events of African refugee men now resident in WA. The impact of potentially traumatic events should be addressed in counselling, and other interventions developed and delivered by both government and non-government agencies.

The Killjoy Comedian: Hannah Gadsby's Nanette

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
SARAH BALKIN
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
The Way

In her 2017 show Nanette, Australian comedian Hannah Gadsby announced that she was quitting comedy. In the show, Gadsby argued that as a marginalized person – a gender-nonconforming lesbian from rural Tasmania – she was doing herself a disservice when she invited audiences to laugh at her trademark self-deprecating humour. Gadsby framed her decision to quit comedy partly as a problem of persona: her practice as a comedian was to take actual, sometimes traumatic, events from her life and turn them into jokes, which she described as ‘half-told stories’. So framed, the problem with Gadsby's comic persona is the way it both presents and truncates her traumatic experience. When she refuses to be funny, Gadsby casts herself as something like Sara Ahmed's ‘feminist killjoy’, a spoilsport figure whose unhappiness positions her as a source of tension. In this article I consider how Gadsby's decision to quit comedy, and the terms in which she articulates that decision in Nanette, can help us think about varied modes of humourlessness and comic possibility.

Twenty-five Years of Trauma Treatment: What Have We Learned?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Janina Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Relational Models ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Post Traumatic

The concept that traumatic events and subsequent traumatic stress are central to many types of psychological symptoms and difficulties is a relatively new idea in the mental health field. Post-traumatic stress disorder was not included as a condition in any diagnostic system until the DSM-III was published in 1980 (APA, 1980). Over the years, the development of treatment models that could address the consequences of trauma and traumatic attachment, rather than simply the events, has been steadily growing. The advent of brain scan technology and its effect on neuroscience research finally allowed researchers to explain the puzzling and long-lasting effects of traumatic experience. The field of traumatology has grown beyond the early focus on narration of traumatic events to treatment methods informed by an understanding of how overwhelming events and frightened or frightening caregiving leave a legacy of animal defence survival responses that often persist for decades. Incorporating the newer body-oriented and mindfulness-based approaches into the treatment can increase the effectiveness of relational models of psychotherapy with traumatised patients.

scholarly journals The interplay between childhood trauma, cognitive biases, and cannabis use on the risk of psychosis in nonclinical young adults in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Błażej Misiak ◽  
Kamila Kotowicz ◽  
Renata Pionke ◽  
Martyna Krężołek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background. Childhood traumatic events are risk factors for psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). However, the mechanisms explaining how trauma may contribute to the development of PLEs are not fully understood. In our study, we investigated whether cannabis use and cognitive biases mediate the relationship between early trauma and PLEs. Methods. A total sample of 6,772 young adults (age 26.6 ± 4.7, 2,181 male and 3,433 female) was recruited from the general population to participate in an online survey. We excluded 1,158 individuals due to a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of any mental disorder. The online survey included selected items from the following questionnaires: Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC, 3 items), Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q, 3 items), Cannabis Problems Questionnaire (CPQ, 10 items), Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS-18, 9 items), and Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16). Mediation analyses were performed with respect to different categories of traumatic experiences (emotional, physical and sexual abuse as well as emotional neglect). Results. Our results showed significant associations of any time of childhood trauma with higher scores of cannabis use (CPQ), cognitive biases (DACOBS), and PLEs (PQ-16) (p < 0.001). We found a direct effect of childhood trauma on PLEs as well as significant indirect effect mediated through cannabis use and cognitive biases. All models tested for the effects of specific childhood adversities revealed similar results. The percentage of variance in PQ-16 scores explained by serial mediation models varied between 32.8 and 34.2% depending on childhood trauma category. Conclusion. Cannabis use and cognitive biases play an important mediating role in the relationship between childhood traumatic events and the development of PLEs in a nonclinical young adult population.

Questionable validity of ‘dissociative amnesia’ in trauma victims

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison G. Pope ◽  
James I. Hudson ◽  
J. Alexander Bodkin ◽  
Paul Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Dissociative Amnesia ◽  
Trauma Victims ◽  
Rule Out

BackgroundWe reviewed evidence from prospective studies to test whether individuals can develop amnesia for traumatic experiences, a process variously termed ‘repression’, dissociative amnesia’ or ‘psychogenic amnesia’.MethodUsing specified criteria, we selected and analysed studies which prospectively assessed memory in victims of documented traumatic experiences.ResultsIn studies in which people were asked directly about a past traumatic experience, they consistently reported memories. Non-reporting occurred only in studies where subjects were not asked directly about the experience. This latter design leaves open the well-documented possibility that subjects simply did not disclose events that they actually remembered. Some prospective studies were also limited by incomplete documentation of trauma and failure to rule out other more ordinary causes of amnesia.ConclusionsProspective data as yet fail to demonstrate that individuals can develop dissociative amnesia for traumatic events.

scholarly journals Past Trauma Is Associated With a Higher Risk of Experiencing an Epileptic Seizure as Traumatic in Patients With Pharmacoresistant Focal Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mariotti ◽  
Damien Valentin ◽  
Deniz Ertan ◽  
Louis Maillard ◽  
Alexis Tarrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Previous Trauma ◽  
History Of

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of traumatic experienced seizures (TES) and of postepileptic seizure PTSD (PS-PTSD) in patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy and to explore the determining factors of TES.Methods: We conducted an observational study enrolling 107 adult refractory epilepsy patients. We used the DSM-5 criteria of traumatic events and PTSD to define TES and PS-PTSD. We assessed all traumatic life events unrelated to epilepsy, general and specific psychiatric comorbidities, and quality of life.Results: Nearly half (n = 48) of the 107 participants reported at least one TES (44.85%). Among these, one-third (n = 16) developed PS-PTSD. The TES group was more likely to experience traumatic events unrelated to epilepsy (p &lt; 0.001), to have generalized anxiety disorder (p = 0.019), and to have specific psychiatric comorbidities [e.g., interictal dysphoric disorder (p = 0.024) or anticipatory anxiety of seizures (p = 0.005)]. They reported a severe impact of epilepsy on their life (p = 0.01). The determining factors of TES according to the multifactorial model were the experience of trauma (p = 0.008), a history of at least one psychiatric disorder (p = 0.03), and a strong tendency toward dissociation (p = 0.03).Significance: Epileptic seizures may be a traumatic experience in some patients who suffer from pharmacoresistant epilepsy and may be the source of the development of PS-PTSD. Previous trauma unrelated to epilepsy and psychiatric history are determining factors of TES. These clinical entities should be explored systematically.

scholarly journals Examining Post traumatic Growth After a Natural Disaster: An Appreciative Inquiry

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Alyssa Powell ◽  
Kevan Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Appreciative Inquiry ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Agricultural Educators ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Growth Scores

With the frequency and intensity of natural disasters expected to increase as climate change persists, it is crucial for agricultural educators and extension agents around the world to develop the capacity to assist individuals in the wake of traumatic natural disasters. Data were collected in January 2019 and surveyed Georgia residents who they themselves, or someone they cared about, were affected by Hurricane Michael which occurred in October 2018. Data were measured using a modified version of Tedeschi and Calhoun’s (1996) 21-item posttraumatic growth inventory. Highest mean posttraumatic growth score was associated with the Relate to Others scale, while the lowest mean score was associated with the Appreciation of Life scale. Approximately 48% of respondents reported a large or very large change in their compassion for others and their appreciation of each day as a result of their traumatic experience. Female respondents scored higher than male respondents on all the posttraumatic growth factors. Significant differences at the .05 level between male and female mean posttraumatic growth scores were identified for five scale factors; personal strength; spiritual change; appreciation of life; and overall posttraumatic growth. These findings suggest females may be more adaptive to traumatic events and more likely to be receptive to the potential to perceive positive benefits resulting from traumatic experiences. An associated recommendation would be for agricultural educators and extension personnel to utilize the appreciative inquiry approach when assisting individuals recovering from natural disasters and other traumatic events. Keywords: posttraumatic growth; Hurricane Michael; natural disasters; appreciative inquiry

Written Emotional Expression and Religion: Effects on PTSD Symptoms

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Religious Perspective ◽  
Trauma Severity ◽  
Religious Writing ◽  
Written Emotional Expression

Objective: Previous research has found an association between writing about traumatic events and well-being. This study examined the effects of taking a religious perspective during a trauma-writing exercise. Method: Participants included 177 college students who were assigned randomly to either a conventional trauma writing or a religious trauma writing condition. Participants in the conventional writing condition were instructed to write about a traumatic experience, while participants in the religious writing condition were instructed to write about the trauma from a religious/spiritual perspective. Well-being was assessed by symptoms of PTSD at one-month follow-up. Results: Writing condition was found to interact with trauma severity and gender to affect PTSD symptoms at follow-up. Conventional writing was more effective (in reducing PTSD symptoms) for participants reporting lower trauma severity than for those who reported higher trauma severity. Effects of religious writing on PTSD symptoms were not influenced by trauma severity. Also, women benefited more from religious writing than men did with regard to reductions in PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: It appears possible to adapt the conventional written emotional expression procedure in a way that encourages individuals to take a religious perspective, thereby augmenting effects on distress. These findings support further investigation of integrating religion into trauma interventions, particularly for individuals exposed to highly traumatic events.

scholarly journals Message in a Bottle: Scenic Presentation of the Unsayable

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-427
Author(s):  
Brigitta Busch
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Multimodal Text ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
Writing Activity

Abstract Linguistic studies related to trauma are primarily interested in how traumatic events can be verbalized. This article, in contrast, focusses on ways of translating a traumatic experience into forms of symbolization that do not report on what happened but rather foreground the bodily and emotional sensations linked to (re)living such experiences. In discussing such forms of scenic presentation and condensation, I will build, inter alia, on Wittgenstein’s (1919/1997) distinction between saying and showing as well as on Langer’s (1948) distinction between discursive and presentational forms of meaning making. The close reading of a multimodal text authored by an eight-year-old schoolgirl in the context of a creative-writing activity allows us to identify poetic and artistic means that suggest a reading of the text as a ‘bottled message’ about intense feelings of fear and helplessness. In concluding I argue that Bruner’s (1986) dichotomous distinction between the paradigmatic and the narrative mode of meaning making needs to be extended by recognizing a third mode, which might be termed the presentational mode.

scholarly journals El Capitan as a Site for Male Healing from Trauma in Jeff Long’s The Wall and Tommy Caldwell’s The Push

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
Harri Salovaara ◽  
Marinella Rodi-Risberg
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
Generic Character ◽  
The Media ◽  
Representations Of Nature ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mountain Climbers ◽  
A Site

Abstract          Nature and mountains are often represented as places of healing in literature and the media, especially for white, healthy, and middleclass men. However, discussions on nature and gender in relation to trauma are rare, and a specific discussion on the representation of male mountain climbers’ traumas is missing. In this article, we are interested in how nature, particularly the famous mountain El Capitan, is represented in Jeff Long’s novel The Wall (2006) and Tommy Caldwell’s memoir The Push (2017) as a specific spatial location of healing for male rock climbers, who at the same time are both victims of traumatic events and partially responsible for the development of those events. More specifically, this article places ecofeminist and ecological masculinities scholarship in dialog with trauma studies and analyzes these texts with the aim of showing how representations of trauma relate to those of nature and masculinity. In this analysis, questions of how certain aspects of ecological and hegemonic masculinities relate to representing trauma, nature, and masculinity are central, as are issues of perpetrator trauma and the non-generic character of traumatic experience. Ultimately, we show how representations of nature, trauma, and masculinities in the primary texts converge and reflect a plurality of gendered responses to trauma and healing in nature.

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