A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Aloe Vera Gel on Pain Perception among Patients with Osteoarthritis at Selected Communities in Kanyakumari District

Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel on pain perception among patients with osteoarthritis in selected communities at Kanyakumari district. Objectives: (i) To assess and compare the pre-test and post-test level of pain perception among patients with osteoarthritis in experimental and control group. (ii) To evaluate the effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel on level of pain perception among patients with osteoarthritis in experimental group. (iii) To find out the association between the post-test level of pain perception among patients with osteoarthritis in experimental group and control group with the selected demographic variables. A Quasi experimental, non-equivalent, pre test and post test control group design was adopted. The convenience sampling technique was used to select 30 samples for experimental group and 30 samples for control group. OARSI (osteoarthritis research society international) questionnaire was used to assess the osteoarthritic pain. Aloe Vera gel was applied locally on painful areas for 28 consequent days and post test was conducted on 28th day by using OARSI questionnaire. The data were gathered and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical method. The findings revealed that during pre test 20(67%) of them had moderate pain, 10(33%) of them had mild pain. During post test 19(63%) of them were in mild pain, 11(37%) of them were in moderate pain. The mean score on level of pain perception among patients with osteoarthritis was 33.3 in pre test and 22 in post test. The estimated t’ value was 8.99* which is significant at p < 0.05. It shows that local application of Aloe Vera gel was effective in reducing the level of pain perception among osteoarthritis pain. Hence the research hypothesis H1 is retained. This study statistically proved the pain reducing effect of Aloe Vera gel on Osteoarthritic patients at 5% significant level. The researcher concluded that Aloe Vera gel application is a non pharmacological, cost effective and very practicable measure to reduce the level of pain perception among patients with osteoarthritis. Keywords: Aloe Vera gel, Pain perception, Osteoarthritis.

Shakuntala: As Authored by Kalidas and Painted by Raja Ravi Varma

Mythology has always been an appealing area which has been engrossing readers and listeners since ages. Mythology plays distinctive roles and employs its sacred narratives, art and rituals to keep the values and morals of the society intact. This system of writing texts on mythology was common to the entire subcontinent and produced its own literature written in Sanskrit. One such magnum opus is Abhijnanashakuntalam authored by the great Sanskrit maestro, Kalidas. It is also important to note that mythology in the form of texts was accessible to a very limited class of people which included the elites, literates, scholars etc, and consequently a large section of the society remained unaware of these episodes and virtues. It is where, Raja Ravi Varma, ‘Father of Modern Indian Art’ is credited to bring these episodes in the form of both painting and printing to the commoners. This not only attracted a huge number of people towards mythology, Hindu culture and tradition but also urged to preserve values. The present paper is an attempt to study the contributions of the two maestros, Kalidas- as the author of Abhijnanashakuntalam and Raja Ravi Varma-as the painter of the Shakuntala Series, comparative studies of how both the maestros perceived the character of Shakuntala, portrayal of ‘beauty’, and how the play, painting and printing was appreciated, responses gathered and inspirations shared. Keywords: Kalidas, Raja Ravi Varma, Shakuntala, Mythology and Painting, Oleographs

Interconnection of Orwell's Novel Animal Farm as a Micro-Universe and Our Macro-Universe

George Orwell is best known for his allegorical political novel, Animal Farm (1945), written in the period of Modernism in English literature. This novel is read as an offensive on totalitarianism in general, and a political satire against Stalinism Communist totalitarianism in particular. The current paper is conducted to investigate the relationship between the micro-universe which is represented by the narrative text of Orwell's novel Animal Farm, and macro-universe which represents the reality or the real world. The main aim of this study is to determine the interconnection of the micro-universe (the narrative text), and the macro-universe (the reality) through finding a convergence between the topics and events of the narrative text and our real world. Marxist Criticism and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) are used together as analytical approaches to investigate the selected narrative text and the historical, political, and social context in which the narrative text was written. The findings of this study points out that the narrative text of Animal Farm represents reality. This confirms the social and moral function of the committed literature which expresses human sufferings and aspirations for better conditions. The significance of the current study lies in provides better comprehension of the interconnection of the narrative text and reality as a missing feature in literature on this novel. This study contributes to literature on Orwell's novel Animal Farm particularly, and the field of the political English novels in general. Thus, this study extends the base of the researchers' knowledge in this literary area. Keywords: Micro-universe and Macro-universe, Modernism, Totalitarianism, Animal Farm.

Parental Involvement on Child’s Education during Pandemic Times: A Qualitative Exploration

The main objective of the present research is to study the influence of parental involvement on child’s education during the pandemic times. As a result of COVID-19, several countries applied emergency plans, for instance lockdown and school closures. The Parental association is very essential in education and has become spirited in the world of education. It will benefit to increase child’s social interactions as well as stimulate a sense of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Thus, the current study intended to examine parental involvement in their children’s learning during the lockdown and school closures in 2020. Hence, the study is especially planned to form the association among parental involvement and child’s concert in education during pandemic. Keywords: covid-19, child’s education, parental involvement.

Matthew Arnold’s “Dover Beach’’: A Depiction of Victorian Doubt and Faith

Dissatisfied with his age Arnold turned towards Greek Culture and literature. Victorian age was an age of doubt and faith. Religious faith were in melting pot. Darwin’s ‘Origin Of Species’ (1859) shook the Victorian faith. Darwin questioned the very basic statement of ‘The Holy Bible’. Arnold considered literature as a weapon to established the broken faith of Victorians. He took Greek literature as reference to write literature. Arnold keenly observed Greek art and culture and find solace in it. He used Greek Art and Culture as the tool of morality and it has the healing power to wounded Victorian faith. Arnold’s ‘Dover Beach is a poetry of vanished past and vanished faith. Keywords: Reflective elegy, Vanished Faith, Victorian Doubt and Faith, Sea of faith.

Post 2003 Iraq and Unhappy Reality: A Study in Sinan Antoon’s The Corpse Washer

This paper focuses on the existence of traumatic indications, like flashbacks and nightmares, feebleness and submission, distorted viewpoints of both present and future, alienated and disoriented people, and the robust diasporic impulse. As a genre of literature, novel has developed to be a fundamental way in revealing one’s country’s being destructed and increasingly annihilated of its people. Novel in Iraq has touched surrealism, nonlinearity, fragmented events, and other techniques used in narrating and documenting the unescapable reality and the situations of trauma by which the country has suffered for years and years. Characteristics of both form and content are employed by Sinan Antoon employs and of those are fragmentation, nonlinearity, and nightmares to novelize the traumatic events experienced by the Iraqi people. Analysing the extracts has suggested that traumatic experience brought about by persistent occurrence of conflicts and dictatorship have turned the Iraqi people into traumatized characters and molded their existence, identity, and ties to the place. Keywords: Sinan Antoon, The Corpse Washer, Pos2003, Iraqi Novel, Fragmentation,

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Utilization of Crash Cart Trolley among III-B.Sc. Nursing Students at Selected College Villupuram

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding utilization of crash cart trolley among III -B.Sc Nursing students at selected college, Villupuram Objectives: To assess the knowledge on utilization of crash cart trolley among III-year, B.Sc [N] students. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding utilization of crash cart trolley among III year, B.Sc [N] students. To find the association between the post-test knowledge regarding utilization of crash cart trolley among III year, B.Sc [N] students with their selected socio-demographic variables. Methodology: A Pre experimental design with pre-test and post-test without control group was undertaken from E.S College of nursing. The population of the study consists of B.Sc (N) III Year students at E.S. College of nursing. Results: The structured questionnaire was used to computed the data. The statistics shows the following results. Level of knowledge in pre-test 80% of students having inadequate knowledge, 20% of students having moderate knowledge, 0% of students having adequate knowledge. Level of knowledge in post-test 0% of students having inadequate knowledge, 10% of students having moderate knowledge, 90% of students having adequate knowledge. There was significant with gender and source of information. There was no association between age, previous academic year percentage, previous exposure to crash cart trolley. Conclusion: The present study assessed the knowledge regarding crash cart trolley in pre-test. After providing structured teaching programme on utilization of crash cart trolley there is a significant improvement on knowledge of students regarding crash cart trolley. The study assessed the knowledge among students and they are gained in knowledge about crash cart trolley. The study concluded that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving in the knowledge regarding crash cart trolley. Keywords: Utilization of Crash Cart Trolley

Implementation of the Spirituality of Saint Francis of Assisi in the Life of the Brotherhood in Franciscan Missionary Sisters of Assisi Simalingkar B Medan

Spirituality is a trasendental relationship and the creation of unity relations between nature and humans, the universe and unity between individuals and God. The formulation of the research problem is how to implementation of the Spirituality of Saint Francis of Assisi in the life of the brotherhood in Franciscan Missionary Sisters of Assisi Simalingkar B Medan. The purpose of the study was to explain the findings of the implementation of the spirituality of SFA in the life of the brotherhood in SFMA Simalingkar B Medan. The design of the research used is qualitative research using analytical procedures that produce descriptive-qualitative data. The sample technique used to determine the informant is a snowball sampling technique consisting of 10 SFMA sisters. Primary data sources come from interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the study were analyzed using milles and hubberman models were data reduction, data presentation, the drafting of conclusions. Stages of research, namely data transcription, data identification, data classification, data interpretation, data description. The technique used to ensure the level of data validation is triangulation, examination of colleagues, and auditing. The results are SFMA sisters have made Christ the center of living in brotherhood in the community. This brotherhood is turned on by the sabda and is supported by various prayer practices. Brotherhood among the sisters based on the love of the gospel while still prioritizing the attitude of accepting, aware of the similarities between one and the others, namely together with total. Open each other, understand each other and willing to sacrifice. This spirituality implementation is expected to remain maintained because of this spiritual implementation as the basic capital in fulfilling the call as a religus. Keywords: Spirituality, Saint Francis of Assisi, Brotherhood, Franciscan Missionary Sisters of Assisi.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Oral Health Hazards among Tobacco Users in Selected Village at Villupuram

Aim: The study aims to create awareness among Tobacco users on knowledge regarding Oral Health Hazards. Objectives: i) To assess the pre and post test level of knowledge of oral health hazards among tobacco users. ii) To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of oral health hazards among tobacco users. iii) To find the association between post test level of knowledge regarding oral health hazards among tobacco users with their socio demographic variables. Methods & Materials: A quantitative research approach-Pre-experimental research design with one group pre test and post test design was adopted. 50 samples were selected for the study by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Results: The study findings shows that in pre test level of knowledge among 50 samples 42(84%) had inadequate knowledge and 8(16%) had moderate adequate knowledge. In post test level of knowledge among 50 samples 33(66%) had moderate adequate knowledge and 17(34%) had had excellent knowledge. The pre test mean was 5.74 with the standard deviation of 10.29 and the post test mean was 14.6 with the standard deviation of 9.91 the mean difference of pre and post is 8.86; standard error is 1.401 ‘t’ value is 34.775 significant at p<0.05 it indicates that the knowledge level of tobacco users improved after structured teaching programme. The finding of the study shows that there is significant association between level of knowledge with occupation p<0.05. Conclusion: The study finding shows that, the post test level of knowledge is better than the pre-test knowledge. Hence it can be concluded that, structured teaching programme on oral health hazards was effective in improving the knowledge level among tobacco users. Keywords: Tobacco users, Oral Health Hazards.

Introspecting the Role of Gram Panchayat in Structuring Rural Economy: An Experience from Bhograi Block in Odisha during COVID-19

PRIs were established with a hope to strengthen the rural India. But during Covid-19, it was experienced that they were not even able to support for livelihood to the rural people. Even in the midst of pandemic, though there was life threat situation, people migrated to cities in search of their livelihood. In this backdrop, this paper highlights the available livelihood supportive infrastructure, livelihood generating base and livelihood supporting mechanisms and schemes and unutilized natural resources in the Gram Panchayats. Particularly, this paper focuses on the strength of Gram Panchayat’s self fund, schemes and activities excluding central and state government funding and schemes. The work is produced by the data from both primary and secondary sources. And to make it more scientific, both quantitative and qualitative methods are applied. For this work, Bhograi block of the district of Balasore in Odisha has been taken as area of study. From the study, it is experienced that there is available resources lying unutilised but due to lack of interest, attitude, commitment of the local representatives and officials of Gram Panchayat resources can’t be utilized to harness benefits for people creating jobs and engagements. Finally, some remedial measures like behavioural and attitudinal autonomy of the officials, political neutrality, constitution of Panchayat Development Council (PDC) etc. are suggested to over the problem. Keywords: Gram Panchayat, Rural Economy, Bhograi Block, Odisha, COVID-19