scholarly journals Paris « aux bains de mer » L’invention médiatique d’une mondanité balnéaire dans la revue La Vie parisienne (1863-1885)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte JARRASSE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Attractive Female ◽  
The 19Th Century

Launched in England, the fashion of sea bathing spreads over France in the course of the second half of the 19th century, thanks to the development of seaside resorts as well as of the railway network. Henceforth, sea bathing becomes widely publicized in media culture. La Vie parisienne depicts it as an essential feature of the fanciful worldly life tirelessly promoted by this illustrated magazine founded in 1863 by the French cartoonist Marcelin. And thus, sea bathing gets adorned with a somewhat frivolous – not to say lecherous touch, leaving far away therapeutic concerns the practice originated from. It also widely contributes to widespread the cliché of an eternally young and attractive female body, personified by the « high life Parisienne », a character consubstantial with the magazine’s identity.

scholarly journals Femine Body in the Mass Culture of Iran: between Nudity and Marginalization

Corpus Mundi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-124
Author(s):  
Maksym W. Kyrchanoff
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Female Corporeality ◽  
The 19Th Century

The author analyses the problems of visualisation and marginalisation of female corporeality in developments of Iranian political and cultural identity from the early modernisation project of the 19th century and the radical modernisation of the 1920s – 1970s to the Islamic Revolution of 1979, which changed significantly the vectors and trajectories of the visualisation of the female body in public spaces and the discourse of Iranian culture. The author believes that Iran / Persia in the 19th century belonged to the number of Muslim countries that were under stable European influences. Russia and Great Britain became the main sources of cultural changes. Cultural exchange with these countries stimulated changes in Persian identity. The author analyses the features of corporeality in the visual art of Iran from the Qajars to the Islamic revolution and its mutations during the process of radical Islamisation of the social life inspired by it. The author believes that the early modern project of the Qajars was the first attempt to visualise female corporeality and map in the centre of cultural coordinates which in fact simulated European discourse. The identity project of the Pahlavi period became an attempt to transform and adopt Western concepts to the Iranian national canon. The Islamic Revolution of 1979 marginalised the visual and visible forms of female corporeality, presented earlier in public and cultural spaces. The project of Islamisation inspired subordination of the female body, marginalising attempts to visualise in ways Western intellectuals did it. Modern feminine corporeality in Iranian culture develops as a dichotomy of official religious identity and its secular alternative, represented by the “high” cultural segments of the consumer society. The author analyses how and why Western strategies of visualisation of female corporeality coexist with its religious rejection. It is assumed that the Iranian mass culture assimilated Western practices of visualising femininity, although the official cultural discourse continues to reproduce the canon of the body imagined as predominantly religious construct.

scholarly journals Geographies of landscape: Representation, power and meaning

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn Carrabine
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Landscape Photography ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

Green criminology has sought to blur the nature–culture binary and this article seeks to extend recent work by geographers writing on landscape to further our understanding of the shifting contours of the divide. The article begins by setting out these different approaches, before addressing how dynamics of surveillance and conquest are embedded in landscape photography. It then describes how the ways we visualize the Earth were reconfigured with the emergence of photography in the 19th century and how the world itself has been transformed into a target in our global media culture.

scholarly journals La pratique physique et sportive féminine à l’aube du XXe siècle: moyen technique de maintien d’une définition normative des corps, l’exemple de la menstruation

Gesnerus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Anaïs Bohuon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Medical Discourses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century

End of the 19th century France is characterized by a wave of hygiene campaigns corresponding to a dominant depopulation phenomenon. It is in this context that a law is introduced in 1880 which stipulates that gymnastics should be taught in all boy’s schools: the “loi George”, whose provisions are soon extended to girls. Female physical and sports practice is thus structured politically and scientifically as a project of quantitative and qualitative regeneration of “race”, based on the Lamarckian idea according to which health and physical improvement of the individual is transmitted to their descendants. This paper describes the socio-historical conditions of the construction of medical discourses about female physical and sports practice as well as their plurality and foundation, from 1880 to 1920, when the First Medical Congress on child and female Physical Education took place. Ambiguities, tensions, and contradictions of the politics of health and regeneration of the female body through physical and sports practice are analyzed.

scholarly journals To the scholarship about the "months"

1895 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 927-1017
Author(s):  
S. S. Zhikharev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
The 19Th Century

The causes and essence of the menstrual process in the female body, despite the huge amount of research on this issue, have not yet been clarified until now. All theories of regulation of the old time, until the half of the 19th century, followed, for the most part, from purely metaphysical and teleological considerations about the nature and purpose of women and almost did not contain solid, factual grounds.

Porfirian Politics in Mexico, 1876–1911

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Garner
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Octavio Paz ◽  
Hierarchical Networks ◽  
Porfirio Diaz ◽  
Political Cultures ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The success and longevity of the presidency of Porfirio Díaz (1876–1880, 1884–1911) was based on a modus vivendi between the two most prominent political cultures that emerged in Mexico following the struggle for independence at the beginning of the 19th century. On the one hand were the complex networks of patriarchal authority and patronage, and the exercise of power through personal rather than institutional authority, which have always been (and still are) a structural feature of political life in the Hispanic world. These informal and hierarchical networks were described by Octavio Paz as the “Culture of the Pyramid,” alluding to their precolonial and pre-Columbian origins; they an essential feature of caudillismo (authoritarian politics or “boss rule”). On the other hand was what Octavio Paz described as the “Culture of Citizenship,” composed of liberalism, constitutionalism, and the rule of law, which were products themselves of the long and painful struggle to build the state and the nation over the course of the 19th century. The hypothesis presented here is that Porfirio Díaz not only understood but was able to combine these contradictory political cultures and to create a hybrid authoritarian/liberal regime which dominated Mexican political life for over three decades and provided an unprecedented period of political stability in stark contrast to the first 50 years of independence.

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

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