COMMERCIALIZATION OF ART IN THE CONTEXT OF CONSUMPTION CULTURE

The Enlightenment philosophy, inspired by the intellectual movements of the Renaissance and Reformation, emerging from the scholastic darkness of the Middle Ages, led to the emergence of the Industrial Revolution with its strong light; With the great acceleration given by the production, it has become the dominant ideology of science, culture and art by spreading first to Europe and then to the whole world. Modernism, which was shaped by the idea of Enlightenment, transformed into capitalism in a short time and caused the formation of a consumption culture. The enlightenment ideology brought the understanding of "objective reason" and "progressive history" to humanity, which transformed it into a consumer society shaped by capitalism instead of the "promised paradise". This is why the 'Age of Modernity' is called the age of capitalist transformation. The spread of capitalism to the whole world has been achieved through mass communication and production techniques. TVs, which are the broadcasting organs of capitalism, have become the main tool of capital transformation and have ensured the spread of consumption culture with advertising and marketing techniques. Modernism has carried the material, thinking and comprehension stages of art to a materialistic dimension within a structure that is far from emotional, formed by a technocentric and mechanical mentality. Art integrated with technology has become commodified with capitalist regulation and institutionalization; has gained a commercial dimension. Pop Art, which emerged in the 1960s, has become the symbol of commercialized art; It has emerged as an art movement that deals with the consumption society and its values. Andy Warhol, the famous representative of Pop Art, is one of the artists known to play a role in the commodification of works of art. Warhol's art has made serious contributions to the process of transforming today's art into commodity aesthetics. Meta art/aesthetics is a tradeable world of copies. This artificial world has turned into the real world in the consumer society, which can be reproduced in line with the possibilities of art production technologies; They have become objects of consumption whose uniqueness has been lost. Keywords: Art, Consumption Culture, Commercialization, Kitsch, Andy Warhol

Oblicza człowieka masowego — od totalitaryzmu do konsumpcjonizmu

The article presents two figures of mass society that emerged in the twentieth century. The former revealed itself in the era of totalitarianism, while the latter resulted in the emergence of a consumer society. Neither of these figures are a necessary consequence of the processes leading to the rise of the masses as a social phenomenon. They have been created as a result of specific historical conditions. Consequently, mass society can take on any of these forms. They are also not disjoint, which means that authoritarian attitudes and consumer behavior can occur simultaneously. The relationship between the described attitudes adopted by the mass man occurs at the level of their attitude to freedom and democratic institutions. Modernity has resulted in the fact that the individual cannot cope with the freedom they gained as a result of being freed from tradition and religion. If they cannot free themselves an authority to show them how to live. This authority may also be of a group nature. Belonging to a specific community gives an individual a sense of bond and security. Freedom in a consumer society is primarily the freedom to choose consumer goods. In any case, democracy is not a valued form of managing society. Before the rise of totalitarianism, it did not ensure sufficient coherence and a sense of participation. At the same time, in the consumer society, its basic procedures began to trivialize and become part of marketing mechanisms.

Komodifikasi Al-Quran

Religion commodifications, including the issue of the Quran, are not a real breakthrough in socio-religious studies. Various studies have been carried out. However, the current studies are still limited to descriptions of the variety of commodification and problems that occur and have not reached yet the aspect of dismantling the social intrigues in them. For this reason, this study intends to read the commodification of the Quran as a social phenomenon and at the same time expose the hidden aspects in it. This study uses the social theory of The Consumer Society, initiated by Jean Baudrillard which includes aspects of commodification, media shaping, and social shifting paradigm: needs towards desires and lifestyles, by adopting relevant disciplines of the Quran such as riwayat, qira ah and tajwid. The object to be studied is Mushaf Al-Quran Grand Maqamat or known as Al-Quran Digital Talking Pen Grand Maqamat. After conducting the study, it was found that the commodification of the Quran that occurred was part of the industrialization effort of the Qur’an by using religious actors as an excuse and as a marketing medium. Commodification that occurs is also not in line with the spirit of necessity which refers to the concepts of riwayat, qira ah and tajwid in the Quran.

Food Between Life and Death in the Cinema of Marco Ferreri and Itami Jūzō

International cinema of every era has told of the relationship between men, women and food. In many cases it is presented as a common thread capable of binding every life impulse: sex, spirituality, greed, even death. In the cases of Italy and Japan, there are two directors in particular for whom the theme recurs with greater incisiveness: Marco Ferreri and Itami Jūzo, and especially in their works La Grande Abbuffata and Tanpopo. Both movies also represent a critique of the consumer society and the general decay of civil entourage. The characters thus contribute to representing a sort of mythology of the human being, each distinct in a grotesque, surreal and in many cases parodic way while they use food to translate their impulses. This essay aims to highlight the similarities between the main narrative strategies used by the two directors.

The Essence and Main Differences of Consumer Societies from Credit Consumer Cooperatives in the Light of Attracting Citizens' Funds

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the essence of consumer and credit cooperatives in the context of attracting citizens' funds, the transformation of their economic processes and functions in the genesis of microeconomic development. The research is based on the analysis of historical documents and Russian publications, as well as on statistical conclusions of economic data. The aim of the study was to study the evolution of consumer societies and credit cooperatives as instruments for attracting household finances on the example of Russian and foreign companies since the middle of the XIX century. Semantic definitions of the categories consumer society and consumer credit cooperative, tasks and historical stages of the development of the studied communication tools in the field of attracting the means of the population are determined. The author's experience of comparative characteristics of the analyzed economic entities is proposed, reflecting the risks, advantages and disadvantages of the studied communication objects. The functions of the Bank of Russia as the main regulator of consumer credit cooperatives are disclosed. The final results of the study substantiate the importance of financial literacy and present an algorithm that allows the population to distinguish the legal activities of consumer credit cooperatives from fraudsters.

Considerations on Young People's Choices and Behaviors in the Postmodern Society: Fitness, Nutrition and Healthy Lifestyle

In postmodern society, many of the perceptions that people had about them, their lives, the values ​​that define them and the strategies that they can use to achieve their ideals have changed. Specifically, today we can talk about new paradigms, such as health, lifestyle focused on personal well-being, obtained through fitness (physical activity, balanced diet and recovery) and wellness, respectively wellbeing that adds the spiritual component, in an holistic interdependence (Larson, 1999). An important role in the changes we are talking about has been played by the media, which promote living standards built on hedonistic principles, specific to the consumer society. The consequence is that more and more teenagers and young people want to look good and feel good, but only a small part of them reach the specialists, who are best able to provide individualized guidance, support, and programs to prevent any negative consequences of uninspired choices or poorly dosed enthusiasm The stakes of choice are high, because a healthy lifestyle, which should not be limited to body aesthetics, but also aims to develop the spiritual side, can support a more effective adaptation to the dynamics of changes in society (economic changes influencing developments in social life supported by political decisions). The last year, marked by a new challenge, the pandemic, has fully demonstrated the need to assume on a personal level a balanced and responsible lifestyle, which offers new values ​​of quality of life, as well as complementing proactive management with that managed by specialists.

The Value Picture of the World of Modern Russian Society Through the Prism of Language and Experimental Data

The article discusses current linguistic facts (the oral nature of written statements, the abundance of expression and occasionalisms, the growth of evaluative vocabulary, the activation of pronominal units), demonstrating changes that affect the value picture of the world of modern Russian society: an increase in the importance of personal, personal interests and preferences. These changes are stimulated by the continuing strengthening of the culture of consumption and increasing digitalization, also consonant with the ideals of the consumer society. The planned axiological transformations are supported by experimental results - information obtained during the survey, the purpose of which is to form an idea of the understanding by young people – future philologists of the current state of the axiosphere of modern Russian society.

The Sociocultural Context in Law: Modernism - Postmodernism - Metamodernism

This article analyses the socio-cultural aspects of modern law in terms of philosophical and legal analysis and in the context of the changes that take place in the culture of the 19th-21st centuries. The objec­tive of this work is to identify the discourse of today’s cultural strategies and their reflection in law and legal culture. The article uses an arsenal of methodological tools of philosophical and legal analysis, a cultural me­thodology through which the values of modern society are revealed, as well as a methodology of historical and philosophical research. The main result of the work is to establish that modern law cannot be understood outside and regardless of its contextuality, as well as in accordance with the cultural logic and peculiarities of civilisational deve­lop­ment in the context of globalisation. The main conclusion of the article is that the emergence of post-postcapitalism and the deepening of the consumer society result in a crisis of law and its excessive bureaucratisation and formalisation. The emerging cultural logic of metamodernism refers to such concepts as “structure of feeling”, “oscillation”, “communication”, “post-truth”, “totality” in order to restore the subject-orientation of law and give anthro­pological substance to the traditional concepts of “human dignity”, “freedom” and “justice”.