scholarly journals Infidel or Paganus? The Polysemy of kafara in the Quran

Illuminatio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-297
Author(s):  
Juan Cole
Keyword(s):  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Phrasal Verb

This article explores the meaning of the root k-f-r in the Quran, questioning the practice of translating the noun kāfir as “infidel.” It argues for a distinction between the idiomatic phrasal verb kafara bi-, which does mean to reject or disbelieve, and the simple intransitive verb kafara and its deverbal nouns, which are used in the Quran in a large number of different ways. This polysemy is explored through contextual readings of Quran passages. It is argued that the noun kāfir, unlike the verb kafara, is used only with regard to adherents of traditional polytheism and is not deployed in an unmodified way with regard to Jews and Christians. The possible influence on the Arabic kafara of Greek and Latin conceptions is also broached.

A Propos De Ta Sa Fuqin Si-Le

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-257
Author(s):  
Robert Iljic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Proper Noun ◽  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

The sentences of the type above mentioned are characterized, on the one hand, by the cooccurrence of bă with an intransitive verb, on the other hand, by the classifier ge following bă and introducing a noun relative to a unique referent. This type of sentence, quoted by most major contemporary Chinese grammars, and to be traced in baihuà texts, doesn't seem, nowadays, to pertain any longer to a universally accepted standard. This paper demonstrates that in these sentences, as in all bă constructions, bă actually marks a patient (even if the latter may be the subject-of an intransitive verb); besides, given its position before bă, a certain agentivity is always conferred to a noun in topic position, even if this agentivity, taken to its far end, boils down to the only desire of having been able to do something to prevent a given event (a point in case: the death of a father); finally, the function of ge before a proper noun or a noun semantically determined as unique, which can be found in some other sentences, isn't to count, that is, to indicate a quantity. but to emphasize the qualitative value of the noun (the father insofar as he is a father), the effect being to underline the value (price) that the speaker attaches to a given person or thing, hence the modal connotation ascribed to such sentences.

scholarly journals AN IDENTIFICATION OF PHRASAL VERB IN MOVIE ENTITLED “BEGIN AGAIN”

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G.A.Y. Mahendra ◽  
I.D.P Ramendra ◽  
D.A.E. Agustini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Additional Resource ◽  
Good For ◽  
Phrasal Verb ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Total Usage ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aimed at: 1) describing the types of phrasal verbs used in movie entitled “Begin Again”. 2) meaning of phrasal verbs by using syntax used in movie. This study was descriptive qualitative research mainly focused on discovery rather than using statistical analysis. This study used phrasal verb in movie as the object. This study used researcher as main instrument and dictionary to help researcher in collecting the data. This study showed total usage of phrasal verbs in movie. There are 42 Transitive (22 separable, 20 inseparable), 65 Intransitive. Teachers teach about phrasal verb easier and entertaining because object was easier to understand and avoid boredom in learning. Students directly know when they use phrasal verb. Students can be help them to know about phrasal verb and learn something by watching movie which is good for their behaviour. For other researcher can be an additional resource to make similar study.

scholarly journals The analysis of phrasal verbs found in blood diamond movie by edward zwick

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
Muhammad Reza Jufri Yasin ◽  
I Gusti Bagus Wahyu Nugraha ◽  
I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa Jayantini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Phrasal Verb ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Observation Method

This study investigated the types of phrasal verbs encountered in a movie entitled Blood Diamond. The problems of this study is what types of phrasal verb are found in the movie entitled Blood Diamond?. This study employed descriptive and qualitative method to provide a well-organized description regarding the problems being identified. The data of this study were obtained by observation method through four stages. Firstly, watching the Blood Diamond movie. Secondly, finding and taking notes the phrasal verb spoken by the characters in the movie Blood Diamond. Reading the online movie script and finally the writer categorized the types of data based on the theory proposed by McCarthy & O’Dell (2007:8). There were two types of phrasal verb encountered namely transitive and intransitive phrasal verb, in which transitive phrasal verb can be specialized into separable or non-separable transitive phrasal verb. The result of the study demonstrated that there are 8 data of phrasal verbs discovered in the movie Blood Diamond consisting 4 transitive phrasal verbs and 4 intransitive phrasal verbs.

scholarly journals تجزيه ى روساختى جمله فارسى analyzethe Surface Structure of Persian Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (42) ◽  
pp. 308-329
Author(s):  
Fatima Jawed Abed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Building Unit ◽  
Persian Language

جمله در زبان فارسی اين همهءچيز كه در معنى ومفهوم مستقل مى باشد . جمله فارسى از اركان مى باشد. كه ساختمان جمله فارسى ازاين اركان مى باشد.که اركان جمله اين اجزاى جمله فارسى است همه اجزاى جمله در جاى هاى مختلف مى باشد. كه اقسام جمله فارسى سه اقسام است . اقسام جمله ازجهت معنى،ازجهت فعل،اقسام جمله ازجهت معنى مستقل است. روش تجزيه ی روساختى جمله فارسى يعني تجزيه ى اجزاى جمله فارسى به نمونه هاى مختلف ازحيث واژهاى جمله است . مى توان كَفت كه تجزيه جمله به دوجهت نهاد وكَزاره ياقيد وكَزاره ياجمله هاى مركب پايه است. Abstract The sentence is one building unit in a music that has a full meaning which in the end takes a long silence .The sentence bases made the sentences with intransitive verb ( non connection ) and the sentences are made with general verb (connection ) .The sentence parts :Verbal sentence –supportive sentence , sentence without a verb . The method of divide the sentence into these syntax units ( face division ) or (analysis and to each of the syntax units resulted from dividing the sentence to sections made to the end the characterizes the smaller syntax units ,the words .The method of analyze the surface structure of Persian language sentence is exchange method.

Urdu Intensive and Pseudo-Intensive Verbs

1928 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
D. C. Phillott
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
General Meaning

(a) (1) The intensive compound is of commoner use than the simple verb. Practically every verb is made intensive by prefixing the root of the simple transitive or intransitive verb, or the causal form, to one of the following serviles :Len to take ; den to give ; dln to hurl, drop, pour, etc.; mrn to strike, kill, destroy ; jn to go ; parn to fall (gently or metaphorically), to be in a lying position ; uthn to rise, stand up ; baithn to sit . The prefixed root remains unchanged, but the suffixed servile is regularly conjugated. The prefixed root gives the general meaning, but the suffixed servile modifies or intensifies this meaning. The shade of meaning may often be expressed in English by an adverb or by the tone of voice, as baithn to sit, be seated , but baith-jn to sit down , thagn to cheat , thaglen to cheat out of .(2) While the simple and intensive forms are not identical in meaning, the simple form can often, but not always, be substituted with no more than some loss of force. It is sometimes no easy matter to render the exact shade of meaning given by a particular intensive.

The Phrasal Verb in English

Language ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Fraser ◽  
Dwight Bolinger
Keyword(s):  
Phrasal Verb
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