Analysis of Japanese Intransitive Verb and Transitive Verb Expressions Based on Different Perspectives

The data and analyses of Tangut verbal morphology which I have presented (1979b, 1981, 1982, 1985) represent the cumulative result of more than twenty years of research of Tangut texts. It is with great regret that I saw my analyses misunderstood (LaPolla, 1992). In order to clarify my view on the Tangut verbal agreement, I feel compelled to give a succinct account of the phenomena causing so much controversy in the Tibeto-Burman linguistic literature.The Tangut verb shows agreement for person and number of actant. The three overt agreement morphemes are <-ŋa2> (first person singular), <-na2> (second person singular) and <-ni2> (first and second person plural). The Tangut verb shows overt agreement only with first and second person actant. Third person involvement is marked by zero. A Tangut intransitive verb agrees with the subject, i.e. the ‘intransitive subject’. The two rules for the distribution of the overt agreement markers in the transitive verb as formulated in my Tangut grammar (Kepping, 1985: 233–4) are: (1) If one and no more than one of the actants is a first or second person, then the verb will overtly agree with that actant regardless of its syntactic role, and (2) if a transitive verb has two non-third person actants, the verb will agree with the grammatical patient or ‘transitive object’.

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Kata Kerja Transitif dan Intransitif dalam Bahasa Arab dan Bahasa Indonesia (Studi Linguistik Kontrastif)

Studi Arab ◽

10.35891/sa.v11i1.1891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Izzudin Mustafa ◽

Tubagus Kesa Purwasandy ◽

Isop Syafe'i

Keyword(s):

Sentence Type ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Transitive Verb ◽

Intransitive Verb ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

The Difference ◽

Data Collection Technique ◽

Linguistic Approach ◽

Bahasa Indonesia

This research aims to determine contrastive linguistic, transitive dan intransitive verb in arabic language and Indonesian language, and to determine similarities and differences between both of them. This research uses descriptive analytic method with contrastive linguistic approach. Subject of this research is contrastive linguistic contrastive theory and transitive and intransitive verb. Data collection technique is carried out through documentation studies, while the data analysis technique is done by selecting the data obtained, then collected for analysis and conclusions. The results of this research are the contrastive linguistic is method for analyzing language to find similarities and differences in order to find principles that can be applied practically. In Arabic and Indonesian language, transitive verb is verb that has objects and complement, while intransitive verb is verb that does not have objects and complement. The equation between the two is that both languages have one-object and two-object transitive verb, while the difference is that Indonesian has semitransitive sentence type but Arabic language does not have, Arabic language has three-object verb but Indonesian language does not have, Arabic language has different between transitive verb and preposition but Indonesian language does not have.

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TIPE VERBA BAHASA PERANCIS DAN PERWUJUDANNYA PADA KLAUSA

LITERA ◽

10.21831/ltr.v11i1.1146 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roswita Lumban Tobing

Keyword(s):

Structural Approach ◽

French Language ◽

Passive Voice ◽

Transitive Verb ◽

Language System ◽

Indirect Object ◽

Intransitive Verb ◽

Main Verb ◽

The Subject ◽

Auxiliary Verb

This study aims to describe types of verbs and their realizations in clauses in French. The data were collected from books on the French language system. The data were analyzed using a structural approach combined with referential semantics to check the acceptability of verb uses in clauses. The results are as follows. First, an intransitive verb in a clause serves as a predicate that describes the subject action without an object. Second, a transitive verb must be followed by a direct or an indirect object which can be placed in front of the verb. Third, a dual-type verb can be a transitive verb or an intransitive verb. Fourth, in the passive voice, the construction of the main verb is ‘participe passé’ that must be accompanied by the auxiliary verb ‘etre’.

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Perilaku Sintaksis Verba Bahasa Banjar Hulu: Tinjauan Fungsi Gramatikal

GERAM ◽

10.25299/geram.2019.vol7(2).3777 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 83-95

Author(s):

Asnawi Asnawi ◽

Muhammad Mukhlis

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Scientific Journals ◽

Transitive Verb ◽

Form And Function ◽

Intransitive Verb ◽

Expected Result ◽

The People ◽

And Function ◽

Descriptive Method ◽

Grammatical Functions

This present study explains about syntactiv verb of Banjar Hulu language: Review of Grammatical Functions. Banjar Language is a language used by the people of Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau which has been neglected. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the research of Banjar Hulu language to maintain that language especially the characteristics of verb. This study used descriptive method with data analysis focus on the form and function of verbs in sentences and relate them to distribution. The expected result of this research is the publication in unaccredited scientific journals of TKT 3. There were two findings of this study; first, transitive verb of Banjar Hulu language dominated by prefixes ma-, man-, and maN-kan. Based on these finding was found another transitive verb such ekatransitive, dwitransitive, and semitransitive. Second, intransitive verb Banjar Hulu language a lot of dominated by prefixes; ta-, ma-, and ba-.

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Sufiks Pembentuk Verba Transitif Dan Intransitif Dalam Bahasa Jepang

KIRYOKU ◽

10.14710/kiryoku.v3i1.17-27 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Lina Rosliana

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Japanese Language ◽

Transitive Verb ◽

Intransitive Verb ◽

Intransitive Verbs ◽

Descriptive Method ◽

Research Show

(Title: Suffix Formers of Transitive And Intransitive Verbs In Japanese Language) This research aims to explain the process of formation verbs from the suffix of transitive and intransitive verb formers and their meanings. The data in this research were taken from Asahi Shinbun website, More Zasshi, News Livedoor and various other Japanese websites. The method which used in this research is descriptive method, and for data analysis using agih method. The theory which used in this research are verb, derivation and verb-forming suffix theory. The results of the research show that (1) There are 5 types of verb-forming suffixes: suffix –garu,-maru, -meru, -mu, and –suru, (2) Suffix –garu can be attached to adjective-i, adjective-na and -tai forms that can produce transitive and intransitive verbs (3) Suffix -maru can be attached to adjective-i and produce the intransitive verb (4) Suffix -meru can be attached to adjective-i and produce the transitive verb (5) Suffix -mu can be attached to adjective-i which can produce transitive and intransitive verbs (6) Suffix -suru can be attached to nouns and adverbs that can produce transitive or intransitive verbs (7) Some of verb-forming suffix can changes the meaning of the original word and some just changes the application.

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On the Origins and Elimination of Ergativity in Indo-Aryan Languages

The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique ◽

10.1017/s0008413100024294 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 377-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vit Bubenik

Keyword(s):

Direct Object ◽

Past Tense ◽

Type B ◽

Morphological Marker ◽

Transitive Verb ◽

Intransitive Verb ◽

The Past ◽

The Subject ◽

Verbal Agreement ◽

And Gender

Ergativity is a term used in traditional descriptive and typological linguistics to refer to a system of nominal case-marking where the subject of an intransitive verb has the same morphological marker as a direct object, and a different morphological marker from the subject of a transitive verb. Languages in which this system is found are divided into two main types, A and B (following Trask 1979:388). In Type A the ergative construction is used equally in all tenses and aspects. Furthermore, if there is verbal agreement, the verb agrees with the direct object in person and number in exactly the same way it agrees with the subject of an intransitive verb. The verb agrees with the transitive subject in a different way. Well-known representatives of this type are Basque, Australian ergative languages, certain North American languages, Tibeto-Burman and Chukchee. In type B there is most often a tense/aspect split, in which case the ergative construction is confined to the perfective aspect (or the past tense), and the nominative-accusative configuration is used elsewhere. Furthermore, if there is verbal agreement, the verb may agree with the direct object in number and gender but not in person.

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On a syntactic-semantic model with the locative case

Juznoslovenski filolog ◽

10.2298/jfi0864007a ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Ivana Antonic

Keyword(s):

Mental States ◽

Semantic Model ◽

Matrix Structure ◽

Relevant Feature ◽

Transitive Verb ◽

Semantic Class ◽

Intransitive Verb ◽

Grammatical Subject ◽

The One ◽

Locative Case

The topic of this paper is a syntactic-semantic model whose distinctive element is the locative case with the preposition U (IN) and the relevant feature (+) human being. This model is realized in three different variants - with the intransitive (A) or transitive verb (B), where the nominative in the function of subject and the locative indicate different (B1) or the same (B2) referents. Furthermore, the verb belongs to a semantic class which denotes emerging, stimulation, duration, fading away, diminishing or change in the intensity, in principle, of any phenomenon, and concretely in this model such verbs appear in the collocational link with the nouns implying man's psychological, physiological or mental states, feelings or mood. With an adequate analytic procedure, all the three variants of this model are approached from the syntactic-semantic and pragmatic perspective. The paper points to the causative semantics of these structures, reduced to the metalinguistic formula 'make that X V', which confirms that the semantics of these verb-noun collocational links, syntactically speaking, condenses a complex two-member sentential structure represented by the semantically deficient verb (= causative component) in the basic, matrix structure, and the complement clause with the conjunction DA (THAT) and the basic verb. And precisely from this semantic feature there follows that the notion in the locative case semantically, actually, represents the BEARER of a physiological, physiological or mental state, feeling, mood, so that it represents the GRAMMATICAL SUBJECT of the corresponding basic subordinated predication whose exponent, actually, is the grammatical subject in the structure with the intransitive verb (or with the syntactically-semantically intransitive verb structure), that is the object in the structure with the transitive verb. Two possible semantic interpretations of this model are presented: the one related to the referential pointing to the situation (a) and the other when the sentential proposition also includes the corresponding presupposition (b).

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Transitivity Alternations in North Sámi

Open Linguistics ◽

10.1515/opli-2016-0021 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marit Julien

Keyword(s):

Syntactic Structure ◽

The Other ◽

Transitive Verb ◽

Intransitive Verb ◽

Common Base ◽

Transitivity Alternations ◽

Transitive Verbs ◽

Intransitive Verbs

AbstractIn North Sámi, verbs that form transitivity alternation pairs are always distinguished morphologically. However, even if morphology is seen as a reflex of the syntax, the syntactic structure underlying transitive and intransitive verbs in North Sámi cannot be directly read off from the morphology. Since the verbalisers have vocalic phonological realisations with some roots but consonantal realisations with others, and since consonantal realisations give the verb an additional syllable, one can get the impression that in some transitivity alternation pairs the transitive verb is derived from the intransitive verb, whereas in other pairs it is the other way round, and that in still other pairs both verbs are derived from a common base. On closer inspection it nevertheless appears that while in some cases the transitive verb is actually formed from the intransitive verb by causativisation, in other cases the transitive verb differs from its intransitive counterpart only in involving a Voice head. In addition, the language has a type of intransitive verb that are marked anticausatives, meaning that they have an expletive Voice head. The main difference between these verbs and the corresponding transitive verbs is the properties of Voice.

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The Predicate Category and Characteristics of Arguments in Balinese Sentences

International Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.5296/ijl.v9i5.11815 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

I Nyoman Kardana ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Adi Rajistha ◽

Made Sri Satyawati

Keyword(s):

Direct Object ◽

Sentence Structure ◽

Transitive Verb ◽

Indirect Object ◽

Intransitive Verb ◽

Inductive Approach ◽

Subject And Object ◽

The Subject ◽

And Function ◽

Simple Sentences

This study discusses about sentence structure of Balinese language. For the analysis, inductive approach is considered to be important for this study as every language has its particular characteristics described based on the inductive approach. Based on the analysis it was found that predicate of Balinese simple sentences may be filled by verb and non-verb, such as noun, adjective, number, adverb. The number and function of the argument is different among the different predicates. The predicate filled by noun, adjective, adverb, number, and intransitive verb requires one argument functioning as the subject of sentence. Two arguments are required by transitive verb especially mono transitive verb. The two arguments can be the subject and object, the subject and complement, or the subject and adverbial. Meanwhile, di-transitive verb requires three arguments and they can be the subject, indirect object, and direct object, or the subject, object, and complement.

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Vzťah Prefixácie, Vidu a Valencie

Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis ◽

10.1515/jazcas-2015-0002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 123-137

Author(s):

Milada Walková

Keyword(s):

Argument Structure ◽

Direct Object ◽

Transitive Verb ◽

Slavic Languages ◽

Intransitive Verb

Abstract Literature has pointed out to the existence of two kinds of aspectual prefixes in Slavic languages - external or superlexical and internal or lexical - which differ in the ability to mark telicity and alter argument structure. The study discusses the two kinds of prefixes in Slovak on the basis of scalarity underlying telicity. External prefixes are nonscalar, they express an event is bounded in time but not inherently delimited. They are ±telic and they do not alter argument structure. In contrast, internal prefixes are scalar, because they refer to a scale that measures the event. They are +telic because they denote a boundary on the scale. They can alter argument structure because the event participant measured by a scale must be obligatorily realized as subject or direct object. There are three cases of argument structure alternation: 1. an optionally transitive verb becomes an obligatorily transitive prefixed verb, 2. an intransitive verb becomes an obligatorily transitive prefixed verb with unselected direct object, 3. an intransitive verb becomes an obligatorily reflexive prefixed verb with unselected reflexive marker sa, which I consider a kind of direct object.

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