Philipp Blom. Nature's Mutiny. How the Little Ice Age of the Long Seventeenth Century Transformed the West and Shaped the Present

The period from 1675 through the end of the century constituted one of the very coldest and most ruinous periods of that Little Ice Age. Most writing on the so-called General Crisis of the seventeenth century focus sharply on the parlous decades of the 1640s and 1650s and says little about that later crisis. Yet the religious consequences of those latter years were just as far-reaching, not least in redrawing frontiers between faiths. Unlike in the fourteenth century, Europeans now lived in a world of far-flung sea travel and colonial possessions, and persecuted populations amply exploited these opportunities to seek safe haven. Settlements in foreign lands also offered the prospect of new concepts of religious liberty removed far from the motherland, opening a dramatic new phase in attitudes to religious freedom and spiritual experimentation.

Download Full-text

Recent fluctuations of glaciers in the Gongga mountains

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/s0260305500005000 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 163-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Su Zhen ◽

Liu Shiyin ◽

Wang Ninglian ◽

Shi Aiping

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Little Ice Age ◽

The Other ◽

Ice Age ◽

Field Observations ◽

The West ◽

Historical Information ◽

Glacier Fluctuations ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Gongga Mountains

From field observations and historical information, it is found that there are generally three end moraines in front of glaciers in the Gongga mountains. These moraines were formed during the Little Ice Age and represent three glacier advances. During the last 100 years, the glaciers have been in continuous retreat except for two periods of stability or even slight advance, one in the beginning of the 20th century, up to the 1920s, and the other from the middle 1960s to the early 1980s. The amplitudes of glacier fluctuations were greater on the east slope than on the west.

Download Full-text

Peatland development at the arctic tree line (Québec, Canada) influenced by flooding and permafrost

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/j.yqres.2006.11.009 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 426-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Najat Bhiry ◽

Serge Payette ◽

Élisabeth C. Robert

Keyword(s):

Little Ice Age ◽

Ice Age ◽

The Arctic ◽

Tree Line ◽

Small Lakes ◽

The West ◽

Peatland Development ◽

History Of ◽

Flooding Events ◽

Differential Timing

AbstractIn this study, we documented the Holocene history of a peat plateau at the arctic tree line in northern Québec using stratigraphic and macrofossil analyses to highlight the effects of geomorphic setting in peatland development. Paludification of the site began about 6800 cal yr BP. From 6390 to 4120 cal yr BP, the peatland experienced a series of flooding events. The location of the peatland in a depression bounded by two small lakes likely explains its sensitivity to runoff. The proximity of a large hill bordering the peatland to the south possibly favored the inflow of mineral-laden water. The onset of permafrost aggradation in several parts of the peatland occurred after 3670 cal yr BP. Uplifting of the peatland surface caused by permafrost stopped the flooding. According to radiocarbon dating of the uppermost peat layers, permafrost distribution progressed from the east to the west of the peatland, indicating differential timing for the initiation of permafrost throughout the peatland. Most of the peatland was affected by permafrost growth during the Little Ice Age.Picea marianamacroremains at 6450 cal yr BP indicate that the species was present during the early stages of peatland development, which occurred soon after the sea regression.

Download Full-text

A 215-yr coral δ18O time series from Palau records dynamics of the West Pacific Warm Pool following the end of the Little Ice Age

Coral Reefs ◽

10.1007/s00338-014-1146-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 719-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Michael C. Osborne ◽

Robert B. Dunbar ◽

David A. Mucciarone ◽

Ellen Druffel ◽

Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Little Ice Age ◽

Warm Pool ◽

Ice Age ◽

The West ◽

West Pacific ◽

Pacific Warm Pool

Download Full-text

Introduction

Shakespeare's Representation of Weather, Climate and Environment ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442527.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Sophie Chiari

Keyword(s):

Seventeenth Century ◽

Early Modern ◽

Little Ice Age ◽

Early Modern Drama ◽

Ice Age ◽

Modern Drama ◽

Weather And Climate

Torn as they were between trying to control their own destinies and letting God shape their actions, the Elizabethan and Jacobean subjects still looked for answers in the skies while they were also anxious to fashion their own lives in more coherent or rational ways than before. This Introduction gives clear definitions of the concepts used in the book (‘climate’, ‘weather’, ‘environment’) and presents the various approaches to weather and climate that prevailed at the turn of the seventeenth century. It also explains how early modern writers capitalised on both traditional and innovative views of the sky and emphasises both the influence of classical thought and the harsh realities of what is now known as the ‘Little Ice Age’. It finally introduces weather issues in connection with early modern drama and shows that the Shakespearean skies, in particular, are much more than a mere reservoir of metaphors.

Download Full-text

1652

10.1093/oso/9780198797463.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David Parrott

Keyword(s):

Seventeenth Century ◽

Little Ice Age ◽

State Building ◽

Ice Age ◽

The Political ◽

Louis Xiv ◽

Political Upheaval ◽

Global Cooling ◽

The Impact ◽

Two Sides

This book offers a re-evaluation of the last year of the Fronde—the political upheaval between 1648 and 1652—in the making of seventeenth-century France. In late December 1651 cardinal Mazarin defied the order for his perpetual banishment, and re-entered France at the head of an army. The political and military crisis that followed convulsed the nation, and revived the ebbing fortunes of a revolt led by the cousin of the young Louis XIV, the prince de Condé. The book follows in detail the unfolding political and military events of this year, showing how military success and failure swung between the two sides through the campaign, driving both cardinal and prince into a progressive intensification of the conflict, while simultaneously fuelling a quest for compromise and settlement which nonetheless eluded all the negotiators’ efforts. The consequences were devastating for France, as civil war smashed into a fragile ecosystem that was already reeling under the impact of the global cooling of the ‘Little Ice Age’. 1652 raises questions about established interpretations of French state-building, the rule of cardinal Mazarin and his predecessor, Richelieu, and their contribution to creating the ‘absolutism’ of Louis XIV.

Download Full-text