A Faded Sun and a Wider World

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-136
Author(s):  
Philip Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
New Phase

The period from 1675 through the end of the century constituted one of the very coldest and most ruinous periods of that Little Ice Age. Most writing on the so-called General Crisis of the seventeenth century focus sharply on the parlous decades of the 1640s and 1650s and says little about that later crisis. Yet the religious consequences of those latter years were just as far-reaching, not least in redrawing frontiers between faiths. Unlike in the fourteenth century, Europeans now lived in a world of far-flung sea travel and colonial possessions, and persecuted populations amply exploited these opportunities to seek safe haven. Settlements in foreign lands also offered the prospect of new concepts of religious liberty removed far from the motherland, opening a dramatic new phase in attitudes to religious freedom and spiritual experimentation.

God’s Anger and the Demons Within

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-85
Author(s):  
Philip Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Period

The first major period of climate shock to be studied was the early fourteenth century, especially the years between 1310 and 1325. This involved a broad and lasting era of climatic change, a time of global cooling that marked the onset of the so-called Little Ice Age. Societies around the world suffered times of shocking paranoia and conspiracy-mongering. They responded with persecutions of minorities and dissidents, leading to purges and expulsions on an appalling scale. Whole populations suffered bitter times of exile and diaspora, and those changes did much to create our familiar maps of the great faiths and their geographical concentrations. In Europe, modern ideas of witchcraft were born.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Sophie Chiari
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Early Modern Drama ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Weather And Climate

Torn as they were between trying to control their own destinies and letting God shape their actions, the Elizabethan and Jacobean subjects still looked for answers in the skies while they were also anxious to fashion their own lives in more coherent or rational ways than before. This Introduction gives clear definitions of the concepts used in the book (‘climate’, ‘weather’, ‘environment’) and presents the various approaches to weather and climate that prevailed at the turn of the seventeenth century. It also explains how early modern writers capitalised on both traditional and innovative views of the sky and emphasises both the influence of classical thought and the harsh realities of what is now known as the ‘Little Ice Age’. It finally introduces weather issues in connection with early modern drama and shows that the Shakespearean skies, in particular, are much more than a mere reservoir of metaphors.

1652

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
State Building ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Political ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sides

This book offers a re-evaluation of the last year of the Fronde—the political upheaval between 1648 and 1652—in the making of seventeenth-century France. In late December 1651 cardinal Mazarin defied the order for his perpetual banishment, and re-entered France at the head of an army. The political and military crisis that followed convulsed the nation, and revived the ebbing fortunes of a revolt led by the cousin of the young Louis XIV, the prince de Condé. The book follows in detail the unfolding political and military events of this year, showing how military success and failure swung between the two sides through the campaign, driving both cardinal and prince into a progressive intensification of the conflict, while simultaneously fuelling a quest for compromise and settlement which nonetheless eluded all the negotiators’ efforts. The consequences were devastating for France, as civil war smashed into a fragile ecosystem that was already reeling under the impact of the global cooling of the ‘Little Ice Age’. 1652 raises questions about established interpretations of French state-building, the rule of cardinal Mazarin and his predecessor, Richelieu, and their contribution to creating the ‘absolutism’ of Louis XIV.

Religious Liberty: Roger Williams and the Revolutionary Era

1965 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
LeRoy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Liberty Of Conscience ◽  
Roger Williams

The classical period for the establishment of the legal guarantees of religious freedom in America is the final quarter of the eighteenth century, otherwise known as the Revolutionary Era. Yet, enshrined in our national memory as the great hero of liberty of conscience is not a man of this classical period, but a doughty seventeenth century colonial—Roger Williams. The object of the present study is to view this hero in time and space—in that particular time remembered as the Revolutionary Era and that particular space occupied by thirteen colonies out to become a nation.

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