scholarly journals Determining equity-linked policy premium for family Takaful: An application of Black-Scholes option pricing with escrowed dynamic model

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Jumadil Saputra ◽  
Suhal Kusairi ◽  
Nur Azura Sanusi

The premium is a deterministic function to compensate for losses due to random events and it is an essential part of an insurance company operation. Numerous issues are faced by the Takaful operator in the practice of insurance, one of them is “validity of life insurance” which is still under discussion among Islamic scholars. Their conversation leads to the issue of approach which are utilised by the Takaful operator to create a sales illustration product. Based on their current discussion, there are still some hidden elements and some missing points related to the concept of loss and surplus sharing utilised by Takaful operator. Therefore, this paper focuses on the practice of Family Takaful for producing the sale illustration product which Shariah compliant. The study develops a new model of the premium for an equity-linked policy (Unit-linked product) by considering the properties of Takaful contracts namely Tabarru and Mudarabah. It aims to ensure that a new model developed can comprehensively demonstrate Shariah compliance. The model adapted and derived from the current Takaful Business Model. We add several assumptions to implicate the approach in a real problem associated with the ratio of profit-sharing (Mudarabah) and loss-sharing (Tabarru). Secondary data are used to test and produce a sales illustration product by utilising a new integrated model of the premium developed. Based on the empirical results, a new model of premium is used to create a sales illustration product that comprehensively complies with Shariah and also more profitable and beneficial when compared with a standard approach used by Takaful operator.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Itang Itang ◽  
Lisna Nur Apifah

Profit or loss is usually used to assess the performance of the company's performance The main factor in determining the size of the profit is income where the size of the profit is an indicator of success or failure of management in managing the company. The formulation of the problems in this study are: 1). What is the effect of insurance income on net income of 6 Islamic life insurance companies in Indonesia?, 2). How big is the effect of insurance income on the net profit of 6 Islamic life insurance companies in Indonesia? The purpose of this study is 1). To find out whether there is an effect of insurance income on net income of 6 Islamic life insurance companies in Indonesia, 2). To find out how much influence the insurance income has on net income of 6 Islamic life insurance companies in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a quantitative method that uses a classic assumption test, hypothesis testing, correlation coefficient test and coefficient of determination test. The data used are secondary data obtained by the official website of a life insurance company. The results showed that the independent variable of insurance income had a significant effect on net income, t table of 2.04841. Because the tcount> ttable = 6.525> 2.04841 and a significance level of 0.000 because the significance value was less than 0.05 then it could be concluded that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted .From testing the coefficient of determination (R Square) or the coefficient of determination that is equal to 0.599 so that the magnitude of the influence of Insurance Revenues on Net Profit of 0.599 = 59.9%


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanafi Hanafi ◽  
Reviyanti Reviyanti

From the financial data contained in the tabel, visible that the investment fund to the revenue contribution on the company�s insurance sharia in Indonesia from 2016-2018 years development experience fluctuating. This study was conducted to test how much influence the investement fund to the revenue contribution of the company�s insurance sharia in Indonesia with the object of research is a life insurance company sharia which are listed on the financial services authority (OJK). Of the sampel used as many as 10 life insurance companies sharian that meet the criteria of the sample period of this research is from year 2016 to 2018 The method used in this method is a quantitative method that uses the classical aasumption test, test hypotheses, and test the coefficient of determination. the data used is secondary data obtained from official company website life insurance sharia in Indonesia. Analysis tools in this study showed a simple regression analysis involving one independent variable as a predictor of the magnitude of the predicted value of the dependen variable. The statistical analysis used was software namely SPSS Version 16.0. The results showed that the independent variables of investment funds there is a significant influence on the revenue contribution, the results of this in view of the valie of the tinag amounted to 11.513 while the value of ttable obtained from the distribution table was sought at the significance of 5% degrees of freedom (df) n-k-l or 30-1-1 = 28 then obtained a ttable of 2.04841 Therefore tinag> ttable = 11.513 > 2.04841 and significant level 0.000, because the significance value is less than 0.05, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The relationship between funds investment revenue contributions categorized strong and the magnitutude of the influence of investment funds on accounted for 82.6% while the remaining 17.4% is influenced by other variables not examited. The hypothesis proposed in this study is Ho is rejected and Ha accepeted. It means that investment funds are significaltly positive effect on revenue contribution.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ratu Humaemah ◽  
Indah Yani

Abstract Sharia financing and investment activities in principle are activities carried out by property owners (Investors) towards business owners (Issuers) to empower business owners in conducting their business activities where the owner of assets (Investors) hopes to obtain certain benefits. Therefore, financing and financial investment activities are basically the same as other business activities, namely maintaining the principle of halal and fairness. The financial data shown in the table shows that insurance income and investment income in life insurance companies in Indonesia from 2014 to 2018 experienced fluctuating developments. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an influence of insurance income on investment income in Islamic life insurance companies in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a quantitative method that uses a classic assumption test, hypothesis testing, and the coefficient of determination test. The data used are secondary data obtained by the official website of a life insurance company. The results showed that the independent variable of insurance income had a significant effect on investment income, this result was seen from the tcount of 8,450 while the ttable obtained from the distribution table t was sought at the significance of 5%: 2 = 2.5% (two-way test) degrees of freedom (df) nk-1 or 30-1-1 = 28 we get t table of 2.04841. because tcount> t table = 8.450> 2.04841 with a significant level of 0.000, because the significant value is smaller than 0.050, it can be concluded that Ha is accepted. This means that insurance income has a positive effect on investment income. From testing the coefficient of determination of 0.708 = 70.8% means that insurance income can explain the effect on investment income of 70.8% and the remaining 29.2% is influenced by other variables not discussed in this study.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Tri Mei Wulandari ◽  
Dina Fitrisia Septiarini

The purpose of this research is to know the difference of financial distress condition of sharia life insurance company in Indonesia and in Malaysia in period 2013-3105 with Atman Zscore model. Using a quantitative approach with Mann Whitney's test. Sampling method using purposive sampling. This study uses secondary data taken from the official website of each company. The data used are the company's financial statements covering balance sheet, and income statement. The results of the Altman Z-score discriminant model were then tested using spss version 22. Mann Whitney test results showed that there was a significant difference between the financial distress condition of sharia life insurance companies in Indonesia and Malaysia. The results of this study proves that the condition of sharia life insurance companies in Indonesia is better than in Malaysia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dirga Adil Fauzan

Financial services are an important and inseparable aspect of our life, one of them is life insurance provided by insurance company. In running their business, a company certainly have employees who work for them to reach company’s targets. Insurance company must follow the standards set in the relevant regulations. Even though an insurance company has followed the applicable regulations in day-to-day operations, mistakes made by employees are still unavoidable; one of the mistake is mis-selling by insurance agents to life insurance policyholders. Mis-selling can be defined as an event where an insurance agent fails to explain clearly and comprehensively to a prospective life insurance policyholder about an insurance product from an insurance company, so that the life insurance policyholder incurs a loss. The purpose of this study is to explain the definition of mis-selling, to explain the legal protection of life insurance policyholders against mis-selling by insurance agents, and to explain the responsibility of PT. BNI Life Insurance as an insurance company in overcoming disputes caused by mis-selling done by insurance agents. The author uses the empirical juridical research method, where at first the data studied is secondary data for initial data, then continued by examining primary data, namely real practice and direct data from the field. This study showed the result that there are regulations that protect life insurance policyholders and PT. BNI Life Insurance in the process of resolving problems or disputes, mis-selling by insurance agents, and that the Company acts firmly, simply, and responsibly by following the problem resolution procedure written in the relevant regulations.  Jasa keuangan merupakan salah satu aspek penting yang tak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, salah satu jenisnya adalah asuransi jiwa yang disediakan oleh perusahaan asuransi. Dalam menjalankan usahanya perusahaan asuransi tentu memiliki tenaga pemasar yang yang mewakili perusahaan asuransi untuk memasarkan produk asuransi. Dalam menjalankan usaha, perusahaan asuransi harus mengikuti standar yang telah ditetapkan pada peraturan-peraturan yang berkaitan. Meskipun suatu perusahaan asuransi telah mengikuti peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku dalam menjalankan usaha, namun kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh tenaga pemasar masih belum dapat terhindarkan. Salah satu kesalahan dari tenaga pemasar tersebut adalah mis-selling yang dilakukan oleh agen asuransi terhadap pemegang polis asuransi jiwa. mis-selling dapat diartikan kejadian dimana agen asuransi gagal untuk menjelaskan secara jelas dan menyeluruh atau komprehensif kepada calon pemegang polis asuransi jiwa tentang suatu produk asuransi dari perusahaan asuransi, sehingga pemegang polis asuransi jiwa mengalami kerugian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan definisi dari mis-selling, menjelaskan perlindungan hukum pemegang polis asuransi jiwa terhadap mis-selling oleh agen asuransi, dan untuk menjelaskan pertanggungjawaban dari PT. BNI Life Insurance selaku perusahaan asuransi dalam mengatasi permasalahan mis-selling oleh agen asuransi. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris, dimana data yang diteliti lebih dahulu adalah data sekunder untuk data awal, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan meneliti data primer, yaitu praktik nyata dan data langsung dari lapangan. Penelitian ini memiliki hasil bahwa sudah ada peraturan-peraturan yang melindungi pemegang polis asuransi jiwa dan PT. BNI Life Insurance dalam proses penyelesaian masalah atau sengketa mis-selling oleh agen asuransi bertindak tegas, sederhana, dan bertanggung jawab dengan mengikuti prosedur penyelesaian masalah yang tertulis di peraturan-peraturan yang berkaitan.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2267
Author(s):  
Ulandari Ulandari ◽  
Sulistya Rusgianto

ABSTRAKiPenelitian ini imemiliki itujuan untuk imenganalisis lebih dalam mengenai ifaktor-faktor yang imempengaruhi iperusahaan iasuransi ijiwa isyariah, dalam mengambil ikebijakan ibesaran proporsi iinvestasi dana ipersahaan pada isaham syariah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk imemberikan sebuah iwawasan secara iteoritis kepada perusahaan dalam mengambil ikebijakan mengenai iproporsi iinvestasi dana perusahaan. Fokus penelitian ini di Indonesia dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dari 10 perusahaan asuransi jiwa syariah yang beroperasi dari 2012 hingga 2018. Metode yang digunakan regresi data panel dengan random effect model. Hasil ipenelitian ini adalah ireturn saham, risiko saham, dan ibagi ihasil deposito secara statistik iberpengaruh signifikan terhadap proporsi investasi dana perusahaan asuransi jiwa syariah pada saham syariah. Sedangkan ipertumbuhan ekonomi, iukuran iperusahaan dan pendapatan pembagian surplus underwriting secara statistik tidak iberpengaruh terhadap proporsi investasi dana iperusahaan iasuransi ijiwa syariah pada isaham syariah. Kata Kunci: Proporsi Investasi, Return Saham, Risiko Saham, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Bagi Hasil Deposito, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Pendapatan Pembagian Surplus Underwritting ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze more deeply the factors that influence sharia life insurance companies in making a policy of the proportion of investment in company funds in sharia stocks. This study to provide a theoretical insight into the company in making policy regarding the proportion of the company's investment funds to adapt it to the circumstances experienced by the company. Focus of research in Indonesia with quantitative approach which data collected from 10 sharia life insurance companys financial statements among 2012 until 2018. Method of research uses regression panel data with random effect model. The results of this study were stock returns, stock risk, and profit-sharing on deposits had a significant effect on the proportion of investment in Islamic life insurance company funds in sharia stocks. Meanwhile, economic growth, company size, and revenue sharing of the underwriting surplus do not affect the proportion of sharia life insurance company investment in sharia stocks. Keywords: Investment Proportion, Stock Returns, Stock Risk, Economic Growth, Deposit Profit Sharing, Company Size and Income Share of the Underwriting Surplus


2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo De Felice ◽  
Franco Moriconi

In this paper we present an approach to market based valuation of life insurance policies, in the spirit of the NUMAT proposed by Hans Bühlmann (2002) in an editorial in the ASTIN Bulletin. We have experienced the valuation method for more than one decade, both as a pricing procedure applied to policy portfolios of leading insurance companies, and by including the valuation principles into several actuarial teaching activities.Our interest is mainly focused here on participating policies that in Italy are characterized by contractually binding profit sharing rules. The problem of the fair valuation of the liabilities generated to the insurer by these contracts can be conveniently addressed using the methods of contingent claims pricing. These allow to price correctly the options embedded into the policies and to implement consistent plans of asset-liability management. The approach also provides a market based measurement of the value of business in force for outstanding policy portfolios and consistent assessments of the financial risk based capitals.


Author(s):  
Kutub Uddin ◽  
Md. Kaosar Uddin ◽  
Farhad Kadir ◽  
Rabindra Nath Mondal

An insurance system is a mechanism for reducing the adverse financial impact of random events that prevents the fulfillment of reasonable expectations, i.e. Insurance is designed to protect against serious financial reversals that may result from random events intruding on the plans of individuals. The Life Insurance Company calculates the policy price with the intent to recover claims to be paid and administrative costs and to make a profit. The cost of insurance is determined using the Mortality Table calculated by Actuaries. The insurance companies receive premiums from the policy owner and invest them to create a pool of money from which to pay claims and finance the insurance company’s operations. Rates charged for life insurance increase with the insured’s age because statistically people are more likely to die as they get older. In this paper, we have discussed different types of insurance policies including expenses and its impacts on lives. We also discussed the annual premium rates of endowment plans, three-payment plans and six-payment plans. Matlab programming is used to calculate the premium rates.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rustamunadi Rustamunadi ◽  
AAS Asmawati

Abstract Assets are assets owned by the company. High asset growth shows that the company can optimize its assets well. High asset growth can increase public trust in the company. One of the factors affecting the assets of Islamic life insurance companies is contribution and claims. Problem formulation in this research are: 1) How does the influence of the growth of ujrah on the growth of assets in Islamic life insurance companies? 2) What is the effect of investment growth on the growth of sharia life insurance company assets? 3) How does the simultaneous growth of ujrah and investment affect the growth of sharia life insurance company assets? This study aims to examine: 1) To analyze the effect of the growth of the ujrah on the growth of assets in the Sharia Life Insurance company. 2) To analyze the effect of investment growth on asset growth in Islamic Life Insurance companies. 3) To analyze the effect of simultaneous growth in investment and investment on asset growth in Sharia Life Insurance companies. The analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis, where in this method to determine the effect of the growth of ujrah and investment on the growth of assets displayed in the form of a regression equation. Tests used in this study are classic assumption tests including: normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test and autocorrelation test. In this study the authors used secondary data samples from the financial statements of 6 Islamic life insurance companies in Indonesia. Based on the Ujrah growth test, it has a sig value of 0.525> 0.05 and a tcount value of 0.643> ttable 2.03693, therefore it can be concluded that the growth of the ujrah (X1) partially has no significant effect on asset growth. While investment growth has a sig value of 0.006 <0.05 and tcount 2.932> t table 2.03452, therefore it can be concluded that investment growth (X2) has a significant negative effect on asset growth. Based on the F test of ujrah growth and investment has a sig value of 0.022 <0.05, the growth of ujrah and investment has a simultaneous effect on the growth of assets and growth of assets influenced by the growth of ujrah and investment growth of 15.9% and 84.1% influenced by other variables not discussed in this study.


2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo De Felice ◽  
Franco Moriconi

In this paper we present an approach to market based valuation of life insurance policies, in the spirit of the NUMAT proposed by Hans Bühlmann (2002) in an editorial in the ASTIN Bulletin. We have experienced the valuation method for more than one decade, both as a pricing procedure applied to policy portfolios of leading insurance companies, and by including the valuation principles into several actuarial teaching activities. Our interest is mainly focused here on participating policies that in Italy are characterized by contractually binding profit sharing rules. The problem of the fair valuation of the liabilities generated to the insurer by these contracts can be conveniently addressed using the methods of contingent claims pricing. These allow to price correctly the options embedded into the policies and to implement consistent plans of asset-liability management. The approach also provides a market based measurement of the value of business in force for outstanding policy portfolios and consistent assessments of the financial risk based capitals.


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