Primary osteoarthrosis of the knee in men and women as a result of lifelong physical load from work

In a case-control study, the relationship between sporting activities and osteoarthrosis of the hip in women was investigated. The study base comprised Swedish women 50 to 70 years of age between 1991 and 1994. Case subjects (N 230) had had total hip replacements because of primary osteoarthrosis of the hip, and control subjects (N 273) were randomly selected women without hip problems from the study base. All women were interviewed about sports activities to the age of 50, health status, smoking habits, occupational history, and work in the home. Three exposure classes were defined based on total hours of sports activities aggregated to the age of 50. The relative risks of developing osteoarthrosis of the hip leading to total hip replacement was 2.3 (confidence interval, 1.5 to 3.7) for those with high sports exposure and 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) for those with medium sports exposure compared with those with low exposure. The relative risks were adjusted for age, occupational physical load, body mass index, hormone therapy, and smoking. Physical load from sporting activities seems to be a moderate risk factor for women for the development of severe osteoarthrosis of the hip. Participation in sports was low, and therefore individual risk estimates for different sports activities were not possible to obtain.

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Breathing as one of the components of biathlon shooting in youth biathletes

Studia sportiva ◽

10.5817/sts2021-2-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 88-97

Author(s):

Michal Žák ◽

Jan Ondráček

Keyword(s):

Prone Position ◽

Average Length ◽

Standing Position ◽

Physical Load ◽

Training Period ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Men And Women ◽

Potential Dependence ◽

Post Test ◽

Age Category

PURPOSE: This study is aimed at identifying the length of breath holding in youth biathletes before shooting in both the prone and the standing position, and determining potential dependence between breath holding and the shooting performance at rest and after physical load during the training period.METHODS: Twenty-one national youth biathletes, women (n = 10; 16.7 ± 0.7 years) and men (n = 11; 16.5 ± 0.6 years), participated in the study. All participants completed two series of measuring of breath holding after 3 months period during shooting at rest and after roller skiing in a race load, in the prone as well as the standing position. They shot using their own biathlon rifles with a fixed accelerometer and respiration belts on the thorax.RESULTS: The average length of breath holding when successfully hitting the target in the prone position was 0.65 seconds in average both at rest and in the racing load, with some significant differences both men and women. When shooting in the standing position, the average values were approximately same as in the prone position 0.65 seconds both at rest and in racing load, again with some observable differences both men and women. There were several significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in the length of breath holding in both groups (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The study evaluate the length of breath holding and determine dependence of breath holding on the shooting performance at rest and after physical load during the training period in youth biathletes. The comparison of the acquired information with the shooting methodology taught by the coaches brought beneficial results. The study showed that is appropriate to hold breath for an average of 0.55 - 0.7 seconds in both shooting positions for both men and women in this age category.

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Physical capacity in relation to present and past physical load at work: A study of 484 men and women aged 41 to 58 years

American Journal of Industrial Medicine ◽

10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199909)36:3<388::aid-ajim6>3.0.co;2-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 388-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Margareta Torg�n ◽

Laura Punnett ◽

Lars Alfredsson ◽

�sa Kilbom

Keyword(s):

Physical Capacity ◽

Physical Load ◽

Men And Women

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Ultrastructural comparison of prolactin adenomas of pituitary in men and women

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103796 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 346-347

Author(s):

R.C. Caughey ◽

U.P. Kalyan-Raman

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Secretory Granules ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

En Bloc ◽

Men And Women ◽

Transmission Electron

Prolactin producing pituitary adenomas are ultrastructurally characterized by secretory granules varying in size (150-300nm), abundance of endoplasmic reticulum, and misplaced exocytosis. They are also subclassified as sparsely or densely granulated according to the amount of granules present. The hormone levels in men and women vary, being higher in men; so also the symptoms vary between both sexes. In order to understand this variation, we studied 21 prolactin producing pituitary adenomas by transmission electron microscope. This was out of a total of 80 pituitary adenomas. There were 6 men and 15 women in this group of 21 prolactinomas.All of the pituitary adenomas were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, rinsed in Millonig's phosphate buffer, and post fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide. They were then en bloc stained with 0.5% uranyl acetate, rinsed with Walpole's non-phosphate buffer, dehydrated with graded series of ethanols and embedded with Epon 812 epoxy resin.

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Race Difference in Auditory Sensitivity

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.0704.389 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 389-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David C. Shepherd ◽

Robert Goldstein ◽

Benjamin Rosenblüt

Keyword(s):

White Women ◽

White Men ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

Auditory Sensitivity ◽

Race Difference ◽

Men And Women ◽

Auditory Thresholds ◽

Békésy Audiometry ◽

Method Of Adjustment ◽

Better Than

Two separate studies investigated race and sex differences in normal auditory sensitivity. Study I measured thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 cps of 23 white men, 26 white women, 21 negro men, and 24 negro women using the method of limits. In Study II thresholds of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 negro men, and 10 negro women were measured at 1000 cps using four different stimulus conditions and the method of adjustment by means of Bekesy audiometry. Results indicated that the white men and women in Study I heard significantly better than their negro counterparts at 1000 and 2000 cps. There were no significant differences between the average thresholds measured at 1000 cps of the white and negro men in Study II. White women produced better auditory thresholds with three stimulus conditions and significantly more sensitive thresholds with the slow pulsed stimulus than did the negro women in Study II.

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