The Value of Meteorological Data in Optimizing the Pattern of Physical Load—A Forecast Model of Rowing Pacing Strategy

Mastering the information of arena environment is the premise for athletes to optimize their patterns of physical load. Therefore, improving the forecast accuracy of the arena conditions is an urgent task in competitive sports. This paper excavates the meteorological features that have great influence on outdoor events such as rowing and their influence on the pacing strategy. We selected the meteorological data of Tokyo from 1979 to 2020 to forecast the meteorology during the Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games, analyzed the athletes’ pacing choice under different temperatures, humidity and sports levels, and then recommend the best pacing strategy for rowing teams of China. The model proposed in this paper complements the absence of meteorological features in the arena environment assessment and provides an algorithm basis for improving the forecast performance of pacing strategies in outdoor sports.

Digital Twin-Driven Human Robot Collaboration Using a Digital Human

Advances are being made in applying digital twin (DT) and human–robot collaboration (HRC) to industrial fields for safe, effective, and flexible manufacturing. Using a DT for human modeling and simulation enables ergonomic assessment during working. In this study, a DT-driven HRC system was developed that measures the motions of a worker and simulates the working progress and physical load based on digital human (DH) technology. The proposed system contains virtual robot, DH, and production management modules that are integrated seamlessly via wireless communication. The virtual robot module contains the robot operating system and enables real-time control of the robot based on simulations in a virtual environment. The DH module measures and simulates the worker’s motion, behavior, and physical load. The production management module performs dynamic scheduling based on the predicted working progress under ergonomic constraints. The proposed system was applied to a parts-picking scenario, and its effectiveness was evaluated in terms of work monitoring, progress prediction, dynamic scheduling, and ergonomic assessment. This study demonstrates a proof-of-concept for introducing DH technology into DT-driven HRC for human-centered production systems.

Mining Potential Requirements by Calculation of User Operations

This study proposes a method for mining potential user requirements from users’ nonverbal behaviors by analyzing their operational problems, since human behaviors reflect emotions and operational bottlenecks in human-machine interactions. Taking a single daily operation task as an example, three key steps were included in the method: first, modeling users’ operation and constructing the operation chain; second, finding emotional or physical problems in the operation chain, where the problems were defined mathematically as an emotional or physical load at each suboperation; and third, defining and obtaining potential user requirements by improving the operational problems when performing a task. Furthermore, a daily operation task was introduced to demonstrate and validate the method of mining user potential requirements. The results indicate that it is effective to discover the potential needs for a specific product and provide satisfactory solutions by calculating and optimizing operational problems.

Possibilities of Omegametry in the Assessment of the Functional Condition of Female Athletes Specializing in Karate

The purpose of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of changes in the general functional condition of the brain of highly qualified female athletes specializing in karate, in terms of omega potential indicators and to assess the adaptive capability of the central nervous system during physical load. Materials and methods. The study involved 14 highly qualified female athletes aged 17-22 years – representatives of the Odessa Regional Karate Federation. Determination of the dynamics of infraslow bioelectrical processes of the brain, namely omegapotential, was carried out according to the method of O. G. Sychov et al. (1980) at rest, after performing a test in one squat, with dosed physical load in a closed cycle (with reverse) and during the recovery period after exercise. Results and discussion. According to the results of anthropometric and physiometric measurements, the height of the studied girls specializing in karate, on average, was 164.43±0.86 cm, and body weight – 56.36±2.23 kg. The thorax circumference at rest was 84.86±1.57 cm, at the inhale – 89.57±1.49 cm, at the exhale – 82.5±1.57 cm. The average value of vital capacity of the lungs was 3457.14±101.93 ml, wrist dynamometry – 23.36±1.02 kg, back dynamometry – 63.57±3.53 kg. The analysis of the results of the study of infraslow brain processes showed that in the initial state the omega potential value ranged from 10 to 59 mV, which indicated the optimal baseline level in most female athletes before exercise. In the state of relative rest, the average omega potential values (21-40 mV) were found in 79% of the surveyed girls, high (41-60 mV) and low (up to 20 mV) – in 14% and 7%, respectively. The results of study of omega potential dynamics when tested in one squat indicate isolated cases of adequate responses and optimal activation of adaptive systems of the body to the functional load. In most female athletes, the violation of chemo-metabolic, neurohumoral and hormonal processes were observed after performing the test of one squat. The peculiarities of omega-potential dynamics, which were noted during the performance of dosed physical load in a closed cycle (with reverse), indicate a gradual decrease in the studied indicators relative to the initial state during the performance of bicycle ergometric load, especially during the period of reverse (heart rate = 150-155 beats / min) and at the end of testing. At the same time, the depth of shifts also increased, which reflects the significant tension on the central nervous system and other body systems of female athletes in response to physical load. After performing exercise at the 2nd and 5th minutes of rest, no recovery of infraslow bioelectrical processes to the initial level was recorded, which indicates the development of overstrain of adaptive mechanisms. Conclusion. Testing of qualified female athletes specializing in karate, using a functional test conducted in one squat, according to the data of average group indicators of omega potential revealed a violation of chemo-metabolic, neurohumoral and hormonal processes. The study of individual data shows that in most of the surveyed there are various violations of these body systems. The dynamics of infraslow bioelectrical processes in the brain of female athletes during testing using bicycle ergometric load in a closed cycle (with reverse) is characterized by a steady decrease in omega potential throughout the test, which reflects the overstrain of regulatory mechanisms and deep mobilization of functional capabilities. The restoration of the level of omega potential to the initial level at the 5th minute of the post-exercise period does not occur

Application of Biomolecular Methods for Estimating Cytokine and Sirtuin Expression in Biosimulation of Ultimate Physical Load of Athletes

Mini-pigs are an adequate biomodel for characterizing the processes of working capacity and endurance, as well as for conducting investigations in the field of sports medicine. For this kind of research, we propose gene targets from the families of cytokine and sirtuin proteins: IL-6, HMGB1, TNF (genes responsible for the synthesis of proteins belonging to the cytokine group) and SIRT (transferase from the family of sirtuin proteins). The SIRT 1 gene presents particular interest as an activator of mitochondrial activity during exercise. Real-time PCR systems were created, allowing assessment of the effect of various drugs on laboratory mini-pigs in preclinical studies.

Breathing as one of the components of biathlon shooting in youth biathletes

PURPOSE: This study is aimed at identifying the length of breath holding in youth biathletes before shooting in both the prone and the standing position, and determining potential dependence between breath holding and the shooting performance at rest and after physical load during the training period.METHODS: Twenty-one national youth biathletes, women (n = 10; 16.7 ± 0.7 years) and men (n = 11; 16.5 ± 0.6 years), participated in the study. All participants completed two series of measuring of breath holding after 3 months period during shooting at rest and after roller skiing in a race load, in the prone as well as the standing position. They shot using their own biathlon rifles with a fixed accelerometer and respiration belts on the thorax.RESULTS: The average length of breath holding when successfully hitting the target in the prone position was 0.65 seconds in average both at rest and in the racing load, with some significant differences both men and women. When shooting in the standing position, the average values were approximately same as in the prone position 0.65 seconds both at rest and in racing load, again with some observable differences both men and women. There were several significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in the length of breath holding in both groups (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The study evaluate the length of breath holding and determine dependence of breath holding on the shooting performance at rest and after physical load during the training period in youth biathletes. The comparison of the acquired information with the shooting methodology taught by the coaches brought beneficial results. The study showed that is appropriate to hold breath for an average of 0.55 - 0.7 seconds in both shooting positions for both men and women in this age category.