scholarly journals Student Research Project Report on the Basmati Patent case

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Smaranika Deb Roy ◽  
◽  
Anusree Bhowmick ◽  
Mitu De
Keyword(s):  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
Student Research ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Project Report ◽  
Legal Battle ◽  
The U.S

RiceTec Inc, an American company, was granted a patent by the U.S. patent office in late 1997 to call the aromatic rice grown outside India ‘Basmati’ to which India objected. Since India has been one of the major exporters of Basmati rice, such a grant could negatively affect her trade. This paper is based on review work on the Basmati patent, the implications, and the legal battle that followed. This study was part of a student research project during the lockdown period.

Knowledge spillovers, peer effects, and telecommuting: Evidence from the U.S. Patent Office

2021 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 104425
Author(s):  
Michael D. Frakes ◽  
Melissa F. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Peer Effects ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
The U.S

ACLU Lawyers Face Off Against the U.S. Patent Office and Myriad Genetics

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Rylan Powell ◽  
Gerry J. Elman
Keyword(s):  
Patent Office ◽  
Myriad Genetics ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Aromatic Rice of India: It’s Types and Breeding Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Sharma ◽  
Sandhya ◽  
Akanksha Srivastava ◽  
Snehanshu Singh ◽  
Subhash Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Program ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Major Market ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Kernel Length

The coalescence of organoleptic traits viz., pleasant aroma, cooked rice texture, and taste make aromatic rice unique and distinguished from non-aromatic rice. Aromatic rice is cultivated in every rice growing country; with each country has its own indigenous collection. International trade of rice is dominated by Indica (long grained), Japonica (short grained), aromatic rice (Basmati and Jasmine) and glutinous rice; amidst which, Basmati types from India and Pakistan; and Jasmine types from Thailand have phenomenal demand. In India all types of aromatic rice are cultivated based on Kernel length; short, medium, long and very long grained. Basmati varieties own the major market, while other types of aromatic rice besides Basmati are popular in local market only. The country inherits rich diversity of aromatic rice germplasm; with more than 300 different types, each of the rice growing states of India has its own locally popular aromatic rice varieties. India a country where two third of its population consume rice as part of their daily food; aromatic rice always remain their favorite. Basmati, by virtue of its excellent qualities it dominates both national and international market. Every year, Basmati ranks first in respect of foreign exchange earned from the export of agricultural products from India (APEDA). The phenomenal demand and export figures have augmented Basmati Breeding program. However, only few aromatic varieties are cultivated depending on their demand, and their breeding program is also limited. In India, Basmati has over-shadowed other types of aromatic rice in market and in plant breeding programs too. Breeding for Basmati varieties is undertaken by prime agricultural institutions of India. The country regulates quality standards and development of Basmati varieties with the help of Export of Basmati Rice (Quality Control and Inspection) Rules 2003; Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA); and Basmati Export Development Foundation (BEDF). However, no such initiatives have been taken to promote the development of other aromatic rice varieties of India besides Basmati.

Mechanical freezing of alum sludge

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. James Martel
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
Natural Freezing ◽  
The U.S

This paper presents a new mechanical freezing concept for freezing alum or other hydroxide sludges as a conditioning step for dewatering. The basic concept is to freeze a thin layer of sludge on a continuously moving fabric belt. Sludge is attached to the belt by a vacuum drum belt filter which also removes one-half of the water and thus reduces the amount of sludge to be frozen. Filter leaf tests were conducted to determine the operational parameters and approximate production rates of this concept. These tests show that freezing alum sludge in thin layers will separate out the water as ice crystals and transform the solids into the same type of granular material produced in natural freezing beds. The average production rate of frozen sludge was 6.5 kg/hr.m2 at −20°C. The belt area needed for a 10,000-m3/day plant was estimated to be 48 m2. This concept has been patented by the U.S. Patent Office.

scholarly journals Procrastination in the Workplace: Evidence from the U.S. Patent Office

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Frakes ◽  
Melissa Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Patent Office ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Process for Stakeholder Identification and Engagement in Addressing Wicked Water Resources Problems

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Hargrove ◽  
Josiah M. Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Participatory Modeling ◽  
Rio Grande Basin ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
The Future ◽  
The U.S

Various sectors of stakeholders (urban, agricultural, policymakers, etc.) are frequently engaged in participatory research projects aimed at improving water resources’ sustainability. However, a process for comprehensive and integrative identification, classification, and engagement of all types of water stakeholders for a region or river basin, especially in a transboundary context, is missing for water resources research projects. Our objective was to develop a systematic approach to identifying and classifying water stakeholders, and engage them in a discussion of water futures, as a foundation for a participatory modeling research project to address the wicked water resource problems of the Middle Rio Grande basin on the U.S./Mexico border. This part of the Rio Grande basin can be characterized as having limited and dwindling supplies of water, increasing demands for water from multiple sectors, and a segmented governance system spanning two U.S. states and two countries. These challenges are being exacerbated by climate change; a transitioning agriculture to more water demanding, high value crops; urbanization; and growing demand for environmental services. Moving forward, a core question for this region is how can water be managed so that the three competing sectors—agricultural, urban, and environmental—can realize a sustainable future in this challenged water system? We identified the major water-using sectors who represent competing demands as including agricultural, municipal, self-supplied industrial users, environmental, and a sector we labeled “social justice”, comprised of individuals who lack access to potable water, or who represent groups who advocate for access to water. We included stakeholders from both the U.S. and Mexico, which is seldom done, who share transboundary water resources in the region. We hosted a series of stakeholder dialogues and obtained results that identified and described their vision for the future of water; challenges to be overcome; and important research questions that could be addressed using participatory modeling approaches. Four broad themes common to multiple sectors emerged: (1) quantity, drought, and scarcity; (2) quality/salinization; (3) urbanization; and (4) conservation and sustainability. Each sector expressed distinctive views regarding the future of water. Agricultural stakeholders, in particular, had strong feelings of ownership of water rights as part of land ownership and a concomitant sense of threat to those water rights emanating from dwindling supplies and competing demands. The contribution of this work is a methodology for identifying, classifying, and engaging all types of stakeholders in the context of a research project, enabling us to compare and contrast views of different types of stakeholders. Heretofore, this has been accomplished in “bits and pieces”, but never comprehensively and holistically.

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