scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment of Mariout Lake Drains Using Combined Physical, Chemical, and Biological Methods in Microcosm Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermine RZ Tadros ◽  
Samia Kh Hamdona ◽  
Mary G Ghobrial ◽  
Mona F El-Naggar ◽  
Omayma H Abd El-Hamid

The treatment of wastewater is a must due to the decrease of clean water and the increase in the consumption of fresh water for domestic uses. This study discusses the physical, chemical, and biological treatments of water from different types of Mariout Lake drains. It also aims at a designation of appropriate wastewater treatment process for sewage water (El-Qalah drain), agriculture water (El-Umoum drain), and raw drinking water before treatment (Nubareya canal) so as to adopt an appropriate procedure to be applied as the drains discharge their wastewaters in Mariout Lake affecting its water quality as well as its fish productivity. Obtaining secure effluents for discharge in natural water bodies (El-Mex bay), or using treated effluents in agriculture or industrial purposes, is a target too, open for estimation. Alum, aeration beside two natural medicinal plants, piper nigrum (Black Pepper) and dry ginger (Zingiber officinalis), and the eukaryotic microorganism yeast, were used for treatment, in addition to the freshwater submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum.The results of the physicochemical parameters revealed that the best material for treatment in El-Qalaa sewage drain was by Alum + Aeration + Ginger + Ceratophylum demersum.The most preferable material for both the raw drinking water of Nubareya canal and El-Umoum agricultural wastewater was Alum + Aeration + Yeast + Ceratophylum demersum.Regarding the four trace metals' (Zn, Pb, Fe, and Cu) concentration treatments, the best treatment in all cases was found to be Alum + Aeration + Yeast + Ceratophylum demersum, except for Zn in El-Qalaa sewage water which had to be treated by Alum + Aeration + Ginger + Ceratophylum demersum.

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-70

EFECTO DE LA RADIACIÓN GAMMA SOBRE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS MICROBIOLÓGICAS, FíSICO-QUÍMICAS y EVALUACIÓN SENSORIAL EN PIMIENTA NEGRA MOLIDA (Piper nigrum) EFFECT OF GAmmA RADIATION ON THE mICROBIOLOGIGAL, PHySICO-CHEmICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SENSORy ANALySIS OF BLACK PEPPER POWDER (Piper nigrum) Johnny Vargas, Marco Linares A, Flor de María Quispe M Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear, Av. Canadá 1470, Lima 41, Perú Probuysa EIRL, Jr. Libertad 455, Lima 17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2010.0010/ RESUMEN La pimienta es la más famosa de las especias, se utiliza para dar sabor a los alimentos. Es una de las especias con mayor población microbiana, por lo que es causante de enfermedades y de descomposición de los alimentos principalmente procesados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es dar a conocer el efecto de la radiación gamma sobre la población microbiana, las características físico-químicas y la evaluación sensorial en pimienta negra molida, tratada con diferentes dosis alternativas, con la finalidad de obtener la dosis mínima óptima que reduzca la carga microbiana a las especificaciones recomendadas, sin alterar significativamente las características físico-químicas y sensoriales. Muestras de 500 g fueron irradiadas en el equipo Gammacell 220 (0; 4; 6 y 8 kGy). La tasa de dosis inicial fue de 5.82 kGy/h. Se realizaron los siguientes análisis: microbiológico (Aerobios mesófilos, anaerobios, enterobacterias, Salmonella/ Shigella, Coliformes totales, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Estreptococos grupo D Lancefield, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium sulfito reductor, mohos y levaduras). Físico-químico (cenizas totales, cenizas insolubles en HCl, solubles en HCl, extracto alcohólico, extracto etéreo y fibra cruda). La evaluación sensorial (color, olor y sabor mediante test descriptivo. Los métodos fueron los recomendados por la FDA, APHA, AOAC y las NTP. A las diferentes dosis ensayadas, no se encontraron diferencias en los análisis físico-químicos y sensoriales. La dosis mínima seleccionada fue de 8 kGy que redujo la población de microorganismos aerobios mesófilos en 5 ciclos logarítmicos de 9,8 x 106 a 4,0 x 10 UFC/g. Dosis de 4 kGy fue suficiente para reducir la población de hongos en 3 ciclos logarítmicos de 1,7 x 103 a <10 UFC/g, cumpliendo con las especificaciones requeridas. Palabras clave: Radiación gamma, pimienta, población microbiana, dosis. ABSTRACT Pepper is the most famous of spices used to flavor foods. It is one of the crops with the highest microbial population, and it is causing disease and decay of mostly processed foods. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gamma radiation on microbial population, the physicalchemical and sensory evaluation in ground black pepper, treated with different doses alternatives, in order to obtain the optimal minimal dose that reduces microbial load to the recommended specifications, without significantly altering the physical-chemical and sensory. 500 g samples were irradiated in the Gammacell 220 (0, 4, 6 and 8 kGy). The initial dose rate was 5.82 kGy/h. Were performed the following analysis: microbiological (aerobic mesophiles, anaerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella / Shigella, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Lancefield group D streptococci, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium sulfite reducer, molds and yeasts). Physico-chemical (total ash, ash insoluble in HCl, HCl-soluble extract, alcohol, ether extract and crude fiber. Sensory evaluation (color, odor and flavor by descriptive test). The methods were those recommended by the FDA, APHA, AOAC and NTP. At different doses tested, there were no differences in physical-chemical analysis and sensory. The minimum dose of 8 kGy was selected that reduced the population of aerobic plate in 5 log units of 9,8 x 106 to 4.0 x 10 UFC/g, dose of 4 kGy was sufficient to reduce the fungal population by 3 log units of 1,7 x 103 to <10 UFC/g , according to the specifications. Keywords: Gamma radiation, pepper, microbial population, dose.


Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
HRW Dharmaratne ◽  
BL Tekwani ◽  
NPD Nanayakkara
Keyword(s):  

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-468
Author(s):  
Yap Chin Ann

The last nutrient management review of black pepper was done in 1968. There is, therefore, a need to develop new technology to improve pepper production and transfer that technology to production site. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of newly developed biochemical fertilizer on some physiological characteristics, yield and soil fertility of pepper. The treatment consisted of T1 (BS): chemical fertilizer (N:12%, P:12%, K:17%); T2 (BK1): biochemical fertilizer F1 N:15%, P:5%, K:14) and T3 (BK2): biochemical fertilizer F2 (N:13%, P:4%, K:12). The biochemical fertilizer F1 out-yielded chemical and biochemical fertilizer F2 by 75.38% and 16.45% respectively with the higher yield being associated with various phonotypical alterations, which are reported here. Significant measureable changes were observed in physiological processes and plant characteristics, such as large leaf area index, more chlorophyll content and high photosynthesis rate coupled with lower transpiration rate in biochemical fertilizer F1(BK1) treatment compared with other treatment. The high fertility level in biochemical fertilizer F1 and biochemical fertilizer F2 (BK2) reflected the important of organic material in improving soil quality. In conclusion, the achieve high growth performance and yield in pepper, chemical fertilizer alone is insufficient whilst combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer with balance nutrient content gave a significant increase in yield and growth of pepper. 


2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie L. Adolphson ◽  
Terri L. Arnold ◽  
Faith A. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Mitchell A. Harris ◽  
Kevin D. Richards ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
G. Variushina

Приводятся сведения об условиях формирования, объемах, химическом составе и свойствах осадков очистных сооружений производственных сточных вод автотранспортных предприятий. Даны примеры технологических решений по обезвоживанию образующихся в процессе очистки шламов. Рассмотрены технологические аспекты процесса интенсификации механического обезвоживания уплотненных осадков с использованием высокомолекулярных полиэлектролитов. Представлены данные лабораторных экспериментов по выбору типа флокулянта, его дозы, технологических параметров процесса, а также результаты определения влажности обезвоженных осадков, полученные на модели барабанного вакуум-фильтра. Приведены примеры эффективных обезвоживающих аппаратов отечественного производства и их технические характеристики, рекомендации и критерии их выбора, а также факторы, оказывающие влияние на эксплуатационные параметры обезвоживающего оборудования. Установлено, что наилучшая обезвоживающая способность барабанных вакуум-фильтров (остаточная влажность шламов от 66 до 83) может быть достигнута при применении катионного флокулянта ВПК-402 для осадков различных производственных цехов автотранспортного предприятия.Information on the conditions of generation, volumes, chemical composition and properties of sludge generated at the industrial wastewater treatment facilities of motor transport enterprises is provided. Examples of process engineering solutions for dewatering sludge generated during the wastewater treatment process are given. The technological aspects of enhancing mechanical dewatering of thickened sludge using high-molecular polyelectrolytes are considered. The data of laboratory experiments on choosing the type of flocculant, its dose, technological parameters of the process, as well as the results of determining the moisture content of dewatered sludge obtained in a model of a drum vacuum filter are presented. Examples of effective domestically produced dewatering apparatus and their technical characteristics, recommendations and criteria for their selection, as well as factors influencing the operational parameters of the dewatering equipment are given. It is found that the highest dewatering capacity of drum vacuum filters (residual sludge moisture content from 66 to 83) can be achieved by using VPK-402 cationic flocculant for processing sludge generated at the workshop premises of a motor transport enterprise.


1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Turner ◽  
G. D. Lewis

Over a 12 month period F-specific bacteriophages, faecal coliforms and enterococci were compared as microbial indicator organisms for the quality of a wastewater treatment (oxidation pond) system. Results suggest that enterococci may be the most useful indicator for oxidation pond systems.


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