Creating Innovation Policies that Leads to Positive Future Spillovers - A Critical Review

This paper reviews what is the essence and importance of innovation policy today and in the future. The Importance of innovation meta-analysis and its benefits for the policies beneficiaries and stakeholders are explored. Then, cases of market failure and how innovation policies could bring influence and spillovers on the economy, are discussed.This critical review implies that it shows the main mechanisms of innovation instruments and where the essentials and the rationales of creating socially preferable innovation policies need to be more investigated as per the clusters targeted for competitiveness differentiation.

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A Meta-Analysis of Interviews and Cognitive Ability

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000091 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 157-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Philip L. Roth ◽

Allen I. Huffcutt

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Ability ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Employment Interviews ◽

Moderator Analysis ◽

The Future ◽

Research Questions ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Relationship

The topic of what interviews measure has received a great deal of attention over the years. One line of research has investigated the relationship between interviews and the construct of cognitive ability. A previous meta-analysis reported an overall corrected correlation of .40 ( Huffcutt, Roth, & McDaniel, 1996 ). A more recent meta-analysis reported a noticeably lower corrected correlation of .27 ( Berry, Sackett, & Landers, 2007 ). After reviewing both meta-analyses, it appears that the two studies posed different research questions. Further, there were a number of coding judgments in Berry et al. that merit review, and there was no moderator analysis for educational versus employment interviews. As a result, we reanalyzed the work by Berry et al. and found a corrected correlation of .42 for employment interviews (.15 higher than Berry et al., a 56% increase). Further, educational interviews were associated with a corrected correlation of .21, supporting their influence as a moderator. We suggest a better estimate of the correlation between employment interviews and cognitive ability is .42, and this takes us “back to the future” in that the better overall estimate of the employment interviews – cognitive ability relationship is roughly .40. This difference has implications for what is being measured by interviews and their incremental validity.

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Supplemental Material for Are Visual Threats Prioritized Without Awareness? A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis Involving 3 Behavioral Paradigms and 2696 Observers

Psychological Bulletin ◽

10.1037/bul0000054.supp ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Meta Analysis

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Supplemental Material for Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Multicomponent Behavioral E-Health Interventions for Weight Loss

Health Psychology ◽

10.1037/hea0000623.supp ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Critical Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Health Interventions

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3 Estimating the Burden of Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afab028.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i1-i6

Author(s):

Y Xiang ◽

K Chan ◽

I Rudan

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Middle Income ◽

Dementia Prevalence ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Future ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Policy And Planning

Abstract Background and Objectives Rapid increase in life expectancy has resulted in an increase in the global burden of dementia that is expected to become a leading cause of morbidity in the future. Low- and middle-income countries are expected to bear an increasing majority of the burden, but lack data for accurate burden estimates that are key for informing policy and planning. Bayesian methods have recently gained recognition over traditional frequentist approaches for modelling disease burden for their superiority in dealing with severely limited data. This study provides updated estimates of dementia prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for the years 2015, 2020 and 2030. Given the paucity of data, estimates were developed using a Bayesian methodology and confirmed by the traditional frequentist approach, with the aim of providing methodological insights for future disease burden estimates. Methods A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant primary studies published between the years 2010–2018. The quality of the included studies was critically assessed. A random-effects model (REM) and a Bayesian normal-normal hierarchical model (NNHM) were used to obtain the pooled prevalence estimate of dementia for people aged 60 and above. The latter model was also developed to estimate age-specific dementia prevalence. Using UN population estimates, total and age-specific projections of the burden of dementia were calculated. Results The prevalence of dementia in LAC was found to be 14% (10–21%) in those above age 60 based on REM, and 8% (5–11.5%) based on NNHM. The prevalence increased from 2% (1–4%) in people aged 60–69 to 29% (20–37%) in people above the age of 80. The number of people living with dementia in LAC in 2015 was estimated at 5.68 million, with future projections of 6.86 million in 2020 and 9.94 million in 2030. Conclusions The findings of this review found that burden of dementia in LAC is substantial and continues to rapidly grow. The projected rise in dementia cases in the future should prompt urgent governmental response to address this growing public health issue. We were also able to demonstrate that given the overall paucity of data, a Bayesian approach was superior for estimating disease prevalence and burden.

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