The Future of the Commons – Beyond Market Failure and Government Regulation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor Ostrom
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Commons

The Future of the Commons - Beyond Market Failure and Government Regulation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor Ostrom ◽  
Christina Chang ◽  
Mark Pennington ◽  
Vlad Tarko
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Commons

JUAL BELI TANAH YANG DILAKUKAN TANPA AKTA PPAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Cheri Bayuni Budjang
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Buying and selling is a way to transfer land rights according to the provisions in Article 37 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration which must include the deed of the Land Deed Making Official to register the right of land rights (behind the name) to the Land Office to create legal certainty and minimize the risks that occur in the future. However, in everyday life there is still a lot of buying and selling land that is not based on the laws and regulations that apply, namely only by using receipts and trust in each other. This is certainly very detrimental to both parties in the transfer of rights (behind the name), especially if the other party is not known to exist like the Case in Decision Number 42 / Pdt.G / 2010 / PN.Mtp

A Discussion Paper on Cybersecurity Policies

2017 ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Ayse Kok
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Discussion Paper

This chapter presents various reasons for the insufficiency of externalities in terms of the inference of market failure with regard to the field cybersecurity policy, which is claimed to be necessary for government intervention. The main argument of this chapter is that cybersecurity market failures are much smaller than initially assumed, and as a result, more harm might be done by trying to correct them through naïve government regulation.

scholarly journals Creating Innovation Policies that Leads to Positive Future Spillovers - A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Mohamed Buheji
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Innovation Policies

This paper reviews what is the essence and importance of innovation policy today and in the future. The Importance of innovation meta-analysis and its benefits for the policies beneficiaries and stakeholders are explored. Then, cases of market failure and how innovation policies could bring influence and spillovers on the economy, are discussed.This critical review implies that it shows the main mechanisms of innovation instruments and where the essentials and the rationales of creating socially preferable innovation policies need to be more investigated as per the clusters targeted for competitiveness differentiation.

scholarly journals Whale Watching as Ecotourism: How Sustainable is it?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Leslie Wearing ◽  
Paul A. Cunningham ◽  
Stephen Schweinsberg ◽  
Chantelle Jobberns
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Whale Watching ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Tourism Activity

Australia has long tried to portray itself as an environmentally responsible state and has consistently been a strong supporter of Whale Watching as an alternative to the practice of commercial and ‘scientific’ whaling. This paper explores whale watching in an effort to determine the economic and social viability of it as a sustainable marine tourism activity —and whether in the future the whale and the tourist can coexist or will the latter as with previous human activities such as whaling yet again create a ‘tragedy of the commons’ and displace the former. As an ecotourism product, whale watching holds the potential for sustainable practice, one that is both ecological and profitable. Responsible whale watching is seen as a clean, green industry that simultaneously supports local economies and promotes whale education and conservation. The question is can it live up to these expectations?

TWO THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hasnas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Over Exploitation

The over-exploitation of commonly-held resources is typically analyzed as an instance of market failure that calls for legislation to internalize the social costs that private activities impose on the environment. In this article, I argue that to the extent that this analysis ignores the regulatory effect of the common law, it is unsound. In The Tragedy of the Commons, Garret Hardin points out that there are two solutions to the tragedy: privatize the resource or restrict access to it. Environmental legislation is a means restricting access to the commons. The evolutionary development of common law is a means of privatizing the commons. These represent alternative methods of environmental regulation. Proper public policy analysis requires a comparative assessment of the efficacy of these methods for resolving any particular environmental problem. In many, if not most cases, such an assessment will show common law regulation to be superior to environmental legislation.

scholarly journals PERANGKAT LUNAK PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN KUALITAS DAN PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toban T Pairunan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Pollution Status ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government

PERANGKAT LUNAK PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN KUALITAS DAN PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun suatu perangkat lunak Pendukung Keputusan Analisis Pengelolaan Kualitas dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air Sungai.  Menentukan status pencemaran dengan menggunakan model indeks pencemaran (metode storet) dan Analisis prediksi status pencemaran pada masa yang akan datang dengan menggunakan model rata-rata bergerak (Moving average). Perangkat lunak yang dirancang menggunakan MySQL dan MySQL Front sebagai database dan delphy 7 sebagai bahasa pemprograman. Hasil rancangan ini kemudian diimplementasikan pada data parameter sungai saddang di propinsi Sulawesi selatan di Badan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (BLHD) dalam periode pemantauan tahun 2010. Hasil analisis  menunjukkan  rancangan perangkat lunak dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu analisis pengelolaaan kualitas dan pengendalian air sungai. Perangkat Lunak dapat menampilkan hasil analisis storet setiap titik ukur dan seluruh titik ukur sungai. Perangkat lunak dapat melakukan proses prediksi untuk status sungai pada masa yang akan dating. Perangkat lunak mampu membuat laporan hasil analisis setiap titik ukur dan seluruh titik ukur dan perangkat lunak dapat mengidentifikasi parameter yang memiliki nilai konsentrasi tinggi, sedang dan memenuhi baku mutu sesuai dengan ketentuan standar menurut Permen KLH No.115 Tahun 2003 dan Peraturan pemerintah No.82 Tahun 2001. Berdasarkan hasil implementasil perangkat lunak, yang telah diuji coba melalui data pemantauan sungai saddang periode tahun 2010, dihasilkan nilai storet rata-rata titik ukur sebesar -64,4 dengan status sungai cemar berat. Kata Kunci: Kualitas Air Sungai, Metode Storet, Perangkat Lunak, Rata-rata Bergerak. The Software to Support the Decision Analysis of  Quality Management and River Pollution Control Abstract The study aims to design and establish software to support the decision of quality management and river pollution control. The System is analysed by means of pollution indeks model (storet Method) to determine pollution status and the average moving model (Moving Average) in order to predict pollution status in the future. The software was designed using  MySQL and the MySQL font and Delphy 7 as the programming language. The outcome was implemented on the data parameter of saddang River in south Sulawesi Province, at Regional Environmental Agency (BLHD) for the monitoring period of 2010.The analysis indicates that the design can be used as an analysis tool for quality management and water control of the river. The software is capable of displaying the result of storet analysis of every measured point of the whole points of the river. It can perform storet value predict the river pollution status in the future. It is also capable of identifying the parameter having the highest concentration value, the middle one, and the fulfilling the standard quality according to the rules of environmental minister No.115 of 2003 and the government regulation No.82 of 2001. The average Storet value of the measured point is –64.4 with a status of heavily polluted. Keywords: Quality River Water, Storet Method, Software, Moving Average  

scholarly journals Free market for the environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Free Market Price ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
Market Environmentalism

The tragedy of the commons is responsible for many, if not all, of the environmental problems concerning natural resource preservation that we face in modern society. The tragedy of the commons describes a situation in which resources held “in common”, namely, public resources, are depleted or mistreated by collective action. Basically it means lack of private ownership and almost inevitably leads to a misallocation of resources. And yet, the predominating kinds of solutions proposed to solve these problems involve increased government regulation—effectively expanding the scope of the very tragedy of the commons which lies at the heart of the problem in the first place. The present paper advocates an alternative: free market environmentalism. It is not a contradiction in terms, despite how that phrase sounds to the modern ear. In this paper we attempt to demonstrate that laissez-faire capitalism is our last best hope for protecting the environment. Free market environmentalism centers around private property rights and thus a decentralization of environmental decision-making. Effective choices made about scarce resources must be based upon free market price signals and incentives. The lack of laissez-faire capitalism applied to earth’s natural resources distorts both of these indicators—causing poorly made and oftentimes destructive decisions. A free market solution to the environment creates the most value for society, allows for open and continuous entrepreneurial innovation, and economically empowers those who are the most environmentally vulnerable.

scholarly journals The Politics of the Commons: Reform or Revolt?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vangelis Papadimitropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Partner State

In this paper I present a critical overview of the contemporary political theories of the Commons, classified in three main categories: 1) the liberal 2) the reformist and 3) the anti-capitalist. Advocates of the liberal theory of the Commons take a stand in favour of the coexistence of the Commons with the state and the market. The reformists argue for the gradual adjustment of capitalism to the Commons with the aid of a partner state, while the anti-capitalists contrast both the liberals and the reformists by supporting the development of the commons against and beyond capitalism. I make the case that both the liberal and the anti-capitalist theorists miss the likelihood of technology rendering redundant large-scale production in the future, and forcing thus capitalism to adjust to the Commons in the long run. The prospect, therefore, of an open cooperativism introduced by the reformist theory holds significant potential with respect to the future development of the Commons. For the Commons however to expand and flourish, a global institutional reform, followed by a set of inter-local and international principles, is sine qua non. Hence, transparency of information, distribution of value, solidarity and bottom-up self-management are the core variables of individual and collective autonomy inasmuch as they permit a community or group to formulate its values in relation to the needs and skills of its members.

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