Government Employees of Bangladesh and their Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance

Determining the health insurance premium is the most important aspect in providing social health insurance. In measuring the rate, it is needed to calculate the cost of providing the service. One possible methodological tool of calculating the cost is the contingent valuation method for the evaluation of the consumers’ capacity and their willingness to pay for the services. This study applied a Logit model, having binary depended variable with follow up dichotomous choice at different premium levels, to estimate the factors associated to joining the social health insurance scheme. The study found that 80.1 percent of the government employees of Bangladesh wants to pay on average 6.69 percent of their basic salary as social health insurance premium. The result shows that younger peoples are less willing to pay while older people are more willing to pay for social health insurance. The study also revealed that the area of residence and no of visit to doctor play a key role in determining the willingness to pay. This study should help the policymakers to formulate and implement the social health insurance scheme in Bangladesh.

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Willingness to Join and Pay for Social Health Insurance Scheme Among employees in Debere Berhan Town, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.15992/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wassie Negash Mekonnen ◽

Mesfin Wondaferew ◽

Adugnaw Birhane Mekonen

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Contingent Valuation Method ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Health Insurance Scheme ◽

Social Health ◽

P Value ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Insurance Scheme ◽

The Government

Abstract Back ground: Social Health Insurance improves access to health services among civil servants by removing catastrophic health expenditure. In Ethiopia, only 7.3% of the population covered by health insurance. Due to this fact the government of Ethiopia initiated Social Health Insurance scheme to be applied in the formal employers and employees with compulsory membership of the scheme. This study therefore aimed to assess willingness to join and pay for social health insurance scheme among government and private employees in Debere Berhan Town, Ethiopia .Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted .At mean time Stratified sampling technique was used to select 619 employees. A modified dichotomous contingent valuation method (CVM) was applied to elicit employees’ willingness to pay. Bi-variant and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done . Then the result at 95% CI and P value <0.05 was declared as variables have statistically significant association. Results: A total of 619 employees with response rate of 97.8% were participated in the study. About 406 (65%) of the respondents were willing to join to Social Health Insurance scheme. Of which 113 (27.8%) of employees were willing to pay the government proposed 3% premium. The employee’s average willingness to pay for social health insurance scheme was 1.88% of their monthly salary. In this study the odds of respondents who had degree and above (AOR=3.608, 95%CI 1.177-11.061), employees good perception on quality health service (AOR=3.150, 95% CI 1.140-8.699) and employees who perceive benefit packages of social health insurance as enough (AOR=5.229, 95%CI: 2.230-12 .594) were higher than the counter parts. Conclusion: Employees willingness to join of the Social Health Insurance scheme(SHIS) is low and very low number of employees agree to pay the government proposed premium for SHIS. So decision-makers should emphasize to revise the benefit packages and the premiums to be contributed. likewise insurance agency and all responsible bodies should aware the society about the importance of social health insurance for the employees.

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The Social Health Insurance Scheme for Public Sector Employees in Sri Lanka and Its Effect on Reducing the Financial Burden of Illness

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539519862422 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 584-593

Author(s):

Sumudu Karunaratna ◽

Thushara Ranasinghe ◽

Nadeeka Chandraratne ◽

Amala De Silva

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Public Sector ◽

Inpatient Care ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Health Insurance Scheme ◽

Social Health ◽

Insurance Scheme ◽

The Social ◽

Public Sector Employees

Agrahara is a mandatory social health insurance scheme providing coverage mostly for inpatient care for the public sector employees in Sri Lanka. For the 20 years of its’ existence there is no clear evidence on its’ effectiveness in reducing the financial burden due to ill health. We conducted a cross-sectional study among public sector employees (n = 500) in one district. Utilizing outpatient care was associated with a higher incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (29.4%) than utilizing inpatient care (7.2%). The poorest income quintile was at higher odds of facing catastrophic health expenditure than the richest. The social health insurance scheme with its lower utilization rate (38%) had only been able to protect 25% of households from catastrophe. Thus, alternative options to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure of outpatient care are needed. To improve the utilization rates of the social health insurance scheme, a wider benefit package, a cost-efficient delivery of government inpatient care, and improving awareness of the social health insurance policy are suggested.

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Patients’ Satisfaction regarding Treatment and Perceived Barriers: A Study of Social Health Insurance Scheme in Kaski District

Prithvi Academic Journal ◽

10.3126/paj.v2i0.31504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 32-41

Author(s):

Gita Devi Ghimire ◽

Suresh Raj Paudel

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Health Insurance Scheme ◽

Social Health ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Insurance Scheme ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patients Satisfaction ◽

The Social

The main objective of this paper is to assess the level of patient satisfaction, to assess barriers faced by users of social health insurance during receiving treatment in the hospital, and to find out the relationship of participants' satisfaction with their selected demographic variables. This paper is a cross-sectional descriptive study and covers 354 samples that were selected by systematic sampling technique. The modified version of Assessment of Patients Satisfaction Scale (SAPS) consisting of seven structured items is used to collect the data through the face to face interview. The results of the study indicated that 158 (44.6%) participants are between the age group of 40-59 years and the majority of them i.e. 232 (65.5%) are females. Out of 354, most of the participants 292 (82.5%) are enrolled in the social health insurance scheme for more than 6 months. The study findings indicated that more than half 186 (52.5%) participants are satisfied, followed by 152 (42.9%) are dissatisfied, and 16(4.5%) of participants are very dissatisfied with the treatment service under the social health insurance respectively. The most common barriers faced by the participants while utilizing the health insurance services are unavailability of necessary drugs, long waiting times, limited opening hours, and complex billing system for insurance patients. Hence, the service availability time should be extended and availability of health personnel, medicines as well as other services should be improved that can increase satisfaction among users of health insurance.

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Willingness to Pay for a Contributory Social Health Insurance Scheme: A Survey of Rural Residents in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.654362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Christie Divine Akwaowo ◽

Idongesit Umoh ◽

Olugbemi Motilewa ◽

Bassey Akpan ◽

Edidiong Umoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Insurance Premium ◽

Health Insurance Scheme ◽

Social Health ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Insurance Scheme ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Household Heads ◽

Set Up

Background: Health insurance is seen as a pathway to achieving Universal health coverage in low- and middle-income countries. The Nigeria Government has mandated states to set up social health insurance as a mechanism to offer financial protection to her citizens. However, the design of these schemes has been left to individual states. In preparation for the set-up of a contributory social health insurance scheme in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This study assesses the willingness-to-pay for a social health insurance among rural residents in the state.Methods: The study was conducted in three local government areas in Akwa Ibom State, South south Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study with multi-stage data collection using a demand questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with 286 household heads who were bread winners. Contingent valuation using iterative bidding with double bounded dichotomous technique was used to elicit the WTP for health insurance. Multiple regression using least square method was used to create a model for predicting WTP.Findings: About 82% of the household heads were willing to pay insurance premiums for their households. The median WTP for insurance premium was 11,142 Naira ($29), 95% CI: 9,599–12,684 Naira ($25–$33) per annum. The respondents were predominantly middle-aged (46.8%), Ibibio men (71.7%) with an average household size of five persons and bread winners who had secondary education (43.0%) and were mainly pentecostals (51.5%). The mean age of respondents was 46.4 ± 14.5 yrs. The two significant predictors of WTP for insurance premium amongst these rural residents were income of breadwinner (accounts for 79%) and size of household (2%). The regression coefficients for predicting WTP for insurance premium are intercept of 2,419, a slope of 0.1763 for Bread winner income and a slope of 741.5 household size, all values in Naira and kobo.Conclusion: Majority of rural residents in Akwa Ibom State were willing to pay for social health insurance. The amount they were willing to pay was significantly determined by the income of the breadwinner of the household and the size of the family. These findings are relevant to designing a contributory social health insurance scheme that is affordable and sustainable in order to ensure universal health coverage for the citizens.

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Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance and Its Predictors among Government Employees in Mujja Town, Ethiopia

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/3149289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Feleku Mekonnen Degie ◽

Yeshambel Agumas Ambelie ◽

Yared Mulu Gelaw ◽

Getahun Fentaw Mulaw ◽

Fentaw Wassie Feleke

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Social Health ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Government Employees ◽

History Of ◽

Medical Bills

Background. Social health insurance is one of the possible organizational mechanisms for raising and pooling funds to finance health services, private health insurance, community insurance, and others. Objective. The study was aimed to assess willingness to pay for social health insurance and associated factors among government employees in Mujja town, Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on the total sample size of 375 study respondents. A simple random sampling technique was employed. Data were entered into EPI info 7 and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors by controlling confounding variables. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05 . Results. This study revealed that 37.6% (95% CI: 33.1%, 42.61%) respondents were willing to pay for social health insurance. In the final model, respondents who ever heard about health insurance schemes were seven times (AOR = 7.205; 95% CI: 1.385, 37.475) more likely willing to pay for social health insurance. Thos who had history of difficulty and having other source to cover medical bills were 92.6% (AOR = 0.074; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.612) and 94.6% (AOR = 0.054; 95% CI: 0.011, 0.257) less likely to pay, respectively. Conclusions. Willingness to pay for social health insurance was low. Being heard about health insurance, history of difficulty, and having other sources to cover medical bills were associated factors. Thus, it is recommended that media promotion and these factors should be considered for the successful implementation of the scheme.

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Willingness to pay for the social health insurance in Iran

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v6n5p154 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Shirin Nosratnejad ◽

Arash Rashidian ◽

Mohsen Mehrara ◽

Ali Akbari Sari ◽

Ghadir Mahdavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Social Health ◽

The Social

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Participatory and responsive governance in universal health coverage: an analysis of legislative provisions in Thailand

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. e004117

Author(s):

Aniqa Islam Marshall ◽

Kanang Kantamaturapoj ◽

Kamonwan Kiewnin ◽

Somtanuek Chotchoungchatchai ◽

Walaiporn Patcharanarumol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Universal Coverage ◽

Civil Servant ◽

Social Health ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Medical Benefit ◽

The Social ◽

Universal Health ◽

Universal Coverage Scheme

Participatory and responsive governance in universal health coverage (UHC) systems synergistically ensure the needs of citizens are protected and met. In Thailand, UHC constitutes of three public insurance schemes: Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme, Social Health Insurance and Universal Coverage Scheme. Each scheme is governed through individual laws. This study aimed to identify, analyse and compare the legislative provisions related to participatory and responsive governance within the three public health insurance schemes and draw lessons that can be useful for other low-income and middle-income countries in their legislative process for UHC. The legislative provisions in each policy document were analysed using a conceptual framework derived from key literature. The results found that overall the UHC legislative provisions promote citizen representation and involvement in UHC governance, implementation and management, support citizens’ ability to voice concerns and improve UHC, protect citizens’ access to information as well as ensure access to and provision of quality care. Participatory governance is legislated in 33 sections, of which 23 are in the Universal Coverage Scheme, 4 in the Social Health Insurance and none in the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme. Responsive governance is legislated in 24 sections, of which 18 are in the Universal Coverage Scheme, 2 in the Social Health Insurance and 4 in the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme. Therefore, while several legislative provisions on both participatory and responsive governance exist in the Thai UHC, not all schemes equally bolster citizen participation and government responsiveness. In addition, as legislations are merely enabling factors, adequate implementation capacity and commitment to the legislative provisions are equally important.

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