scholarly journals Financial Statement Fraud: Challenges and Technology Deployment in Fraud Detection

Author(s):  
Intan Waheedah Othman

Fraudulent financial reporting and other forms of earnings misstatement are catastrophic and pose a considerable threat to capital market stability. This study reviews the literature on existing technology-based methods of detecting financial statement fraud. The aim is to describe the challenges of predicting a rare fraud event and provide an understanding of the various data-mining based techniques for financial statement fraud detection. Given that fraudsters are becoming more adaptable and are constantly devising new ways to outwit the fraud detection system, the study provides directions for future research in detecting the evolutionary fraudulent financial reporting.

Author(s):  
Nguyen Tien Hung ◽  
Huynh Van Sau

The study was conducted to identify fraudulent financial statements at listed companies (DNNY) on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE) through the Triangular Fraud Platform This is a test of VSA 240. At the same time, the conformity assessment of this model in the Vietnamese market. The results show that the model is based on two factors: the ratio of sales to total assets and return on assets; an Opportunity Factor (Education Level); and two factors Attitude (change of independent auditors and opinion of independent auditors). This model is capable of accurately forecasting more than 78% of surveyed sample businesses and nearly 72% forecasts for non-research firms.  Keywords Triangle fraud, financial fraud report, VSA 240 References Nguyễn Tiến Hùng & Võ Hồng Đức (2017), “Nhận diện gian lận báo cáo tài chính: Bằng chứng thực nghiệm tại các doanh nghiệp niêm yết ở Việt Nam”, Tạp chí Công Nghệ Ngân Hàng, số 132 (5), tr. 58-72.[2]. Hà Thị Thúy Vân (2016), “Thủ thuật gian lận trong lập báo cáo tài chính của các công ty niêm yết”, Tạp chí tài chính, kỳ 1, tháng 4/2016 (630). [3]. Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other people's money; a study of the social psychology of embezzlement. New York, NY, US: Free Press.[4]. Bộ Tài Chính Việt Nam, (2012). Chuẩn mực kiểm toán Việt Nam số 240 – Trách nhiệm của kiểm toán viên đối với gian lận trong kiểm toán báo cáo tài chính. [5]. Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of financial economics, 3(4), 305-360.[6]. Võ Hồng Đức & Phan Bùi Gia Thủy (2014), Quản trị công ty: Lý thuyết và cơ chế kiểm soát, Ấn bản lần 1, Tp.HCM, Nxb Thanh Niên.[7]. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman independence on corporate fraud. Managerial Finance 26 (11): 55-67.[9]. Skousen, C. J., Smith, K. R., & Wright, C. J. (2009). Detecting and predicting financial statement fraud: The effectiveness of the fraud triangle and SAS No. 99. Available at SSRN 1295494.[10]. Lou, Y. I., & Wang, M. L. (2011). Fraud risk factor of the fraud triangle assessing the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting. Journal of Business and Economics Research (JBER), 7(2).[11]. Perols, J. L., & Lougee, B. A. (2011). The relation between earnings management and financial statement fraud. Advances in Accounting, 27(1), 39-53.[12]. Trần Thị Giang Tân, Nguyễn Trí Tri, Đinh Ngọc Tú, Hoàng Trọng Hiệp và Nguyễn Đinh Hoàng Uyên (2014), “Đánh giá rủi ro gian lận báo cáo tài chính của các công ty niêm yết tại Việt Nam”, Tạp chí Phát triển kinh tế, số 26 (1) tr.74-94.[13]. Kirkos, E., Spathis, C., & Manolopoulos, Y. (2007). Data mining techniques for the detection of fraudulent financial statements. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4), 995-1003.[14]. Amara, I., Amar, A. B., & Jarboui, A. (2013). Detection of Fraud in Financial Statements: French Companies as a Case Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(3), 40-51.[15]. Beasley, M. S. (1996). An empirical analysis of the relation between the board of director composition and financial statement fraud. Accounting Review, 443-465.[16]. Beneish, M. D. (1999). The detection of earnings manipulation. Financial Analysts Journal, 55(5), 24-36.[17]. Persons, O. S. (1995). Using financial statement data to identify factors associated with fraudulent financial reporting. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 11(3), 38-46.[18]. Summers, S. L., & Sweeney, J. T. (1998). Fraudulently misstated financial statements and insider trading: An empirical analysis. Accounting Review, 131-146.[19]. Dechow, P. M., Sloan, R. G., & Sweeney, A. P. (1996). Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary accounting research, 13(1), 1-36.[20]. Loebbecke, J. K., Eining, M. M., & Willingham, J. J. (1989). Auditors experience with material irregularities – Frequency, nature, and detectability. Auditing – A journal of practice and Theory, 9(1), 1-28. [21]. Abbott, L. J., Park, Y., & Parker, S. (2000). The effects of audit committee activity and independence on corporate fraud. Managerial Finance, 26(11), 55-68.[22]. Farber, D. B. (2005). Restoring trust after fraud: Does corporate governance matter?. The Accounting Review, 80(2), 539-561.[23]. Stice, J. D. (1991). Using financial and market information to identify pre-engagement factors associated with lawsuits against auditors. Accounting Review, 516-533.[24]. Beasley, M. S., Carcello, J. V., & Hermanson, D. R. (1999). COSO's new fraud study: What it means for CPAs. Journal of Accountancy, 187(5), 12.[25]. Neter, J., Wasserman, W., & Kutner, M. H. (1990). Applied statistical models.Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Burr Ridge, IL.[26]. Gujarati, D. N. (2009). Basic econometrics. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.[27]. McFadden, D. (1974). Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualita-tive Choice Behavior," in Frontiers in Econometrics, P. Zarenm-bka, ed. New York: Academic Press, 105-42.(1989). A Method of Simulated Moments for Estimation of Discrete Response Models Without Numerical Integration," Econometrica, 54(3), 1027-1058.[28]. DA Cohen, ADey, TZ Lys. (2008), “Accrual-Based Earnings Management in the Pre-and Post-Sarbanes-Oxley Periods”. The accounting review.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Desi Elviani ◽  
Syahril Ali ◽  
Rahmat Kurniawan

This study aims to examine how the influence of fraudulent financial reporting on firm value is viewed from the perspective of a pentagon fraud with a sample of 71 companies from the infrastructure, utilities and transportation sectors in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The sample selection used was purposive sampling method. Company value is measured by price book value, financial statement fraud is measured by fraud-score models. There are two variables that have a positive and significant influence, namely the opportunity and arrogance variables, the two variables present two of the five elements of pentagon fraud, where as the three variables, pressure, rasionalization, competence, do not affect the fraudulent financial reporting. The results of this study have proven that fraudulent financial reporting has a negative effect on firm value.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Yulia Frischanita, Yustrida Bernawati

This study aims to examine the effect of CFO demographics on financial statement fraud. The results contribute to companies for increasing CEO and CFO elections and corporate governance designed to prevent illegal actions. The sample in this study was manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018 with 308 data and hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis techniques. The test results show that the age of the CFO affects the fraudulent financial statements. More mature the CFO engage with fraudulent financial statements. Other results indicate that the level of education, gender and experience of the CFO have no effect on financial statement fraud. The control variable used is ROA which has a positive effect on financial statement fraud. While company size and leverage have a negative effect on financial statement fraud.


2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Brian Green ◽  
Thomas G. Calderon

<span>This paper provides insight into several descriptive issues that help clarify the nature of management fraud in the banking and financial services industry. The SECs Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAER) Nos. 1 to 400, published between 1984 and 1992, were surveyed to identify a sample of banks and other related entities that were the subject of SEC enforcement action for fraudulent financial reporting. Those cases are analyzed and results are reported in this study. Detailed cases are also presented to illustrate the nature of financial statement fraud relating to valuation problems in investment accounts, misstatement of loan reserves, and non-disclosure of material financial information. Implications for research, practice, and teaching and presented.</span>


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Einde Evana ◽  
Mega Metalia ◽  
Edwin Mirfazli ◽  
Daniela Ventsislavova Georgieva ◽  
Istianingsih Sastrodiharjo

The article studies the causes and consequences of manipulating the financial statements of companies, identifies the most influential drivers of fraudulent reporting actions by employees and business owners. This research aimed to examine the effect of fraud indicators in fraud pentagon theory against the detection of fraudulent financial reporting on manufacturing companies. Independent variables in this research were variable pressure proxy by financial stability, external pressure, and financial target, opportunity proxy by nature of the industry, rationalization proxy by total accrual, capability proxy by the change of directors, and arrogance proxy by ownership by management. The dependent variable was the fraudulent financial reporting proxy by fraud score. The sample of this research used 57 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Effect in 2013-2015. It is found that the result of the determination coefficient test shows an adjusted R2 value of 0.068, it means that the ability of the independent variable in explaining the variants of the dependent variable is still limited, which is 6.8%. The ANOVA test, which shows the possibility of using the regression model to predict the Fraudulent Financial Report, serves as the methodological tool of the study. It is determined that pressure with proxies of financial stability (current), external pressure (Lev), and financial target (ROA), opportunity with the nature of industry (receivable) proxy, and arrogance with managerial ownership (OM) proxy do not affect fraudulent financial reporting. The result of this research showed that rationalization variables proxy by the total accrual ratio and capability proxy by the change of directors had an influence on the fraudulent financial reporting. While the pressure variable proxy by financial stability measured with the current ratio, external pressure measured with leverage ratio, financial target measured with ROA, opportunity variable proxy by nature of industry variable measured with the change in inventory ratio, and arrogance proxy by ownership by management had no influence on financial statement fraud. The results obtained can be useful both for the management of the company and for regulatory authorities in terms of understanding the growth indicators of the financial statement fraud frequency and tools to minimize their impact. Keywords: fraud, fraud pentagon, fraudulent financial reporting, financial statement fraud, leverage ratio, managerial ownership and manufacturing sector.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Dwi Ratmono ◽  
Darsono Darsono ◽  
Nur Cahyonowati

This research contributes to the Financial Statement Fraud (FSF) literature by examining the ability of the Beneish model and the F-Score model to detect FSF trends in the Indonesian context. This study also aims to provide empirical evidence on other issues that encourage fraud. The results of this study are empirical evidence that the financial target variables and CEO narcissism have a significant effect on financial statement fraud while financial stability, external pressure, supervision ineffectiveness, related party transactions, auditor turnover, and CEO dominance have no significant effect on financial statement fraud. Furthermore, when viewed in the table of the F-Score and M-Score models, there are several companies suspected or indicated of fraudulent financial reporting, including 284 companies out of 385 observation samples. The percentage of companies indicated to have financial statements fraud requires further examination to really prove that the company is cheating. The results of the fraudulent financial report analysis using the F-Score dan M-score for manufacturing companies in 2014 - 2018 successfully analyzed a total of 284 companies that indicated fraudulent financial reporting.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Husaini Husaini ◽  
Salma Yuniza

This research aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of the characteristics of the company's financial disclosure statements of completeness and consequently to the financial statement fraud. Characteristics of companies in this study consists of company size, leverage, liquidity, the company's corporate status and age.The population in this research is the manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange over the years 2011-2013. Purposive sampling method based on retrieved 98 companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange as research samples. Research on regression model using two. Using multiple linear regression, the study found the size of the company and the company's status affect the completeness of the disclosure of the financial statements. Leverage, liquidity and the age of the company does not affect the completeness of the disclosure of the financial statements. Then, the sample is categorized into 2 categories by using the Beneish model M-Score that the company that did the possibility of fraudulent financial reporting and company didn't do the possibility of fraudulent financial reporting. Using the method of logistic regression, this research found that the completeness of the pengungakap financial statements have no effect against the possibility of fraud in financial reporting.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awaliyatu Khoirunnisa ◽  
Anita Rahmawaty ◽  
Yasin Yasin

<em>This study aims to detect fraudulent financial reporting through fraud pentagon theory in companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic index 70. The research method used is quantitative research with a comparative causal approach. Related to sampling using purposive sampling. The findings in this study are the financial target variables, external pressure, nature of industry and rationalization have a significant effect on the detection of financial statement fraud. As for financial stability, ineffective monitoring, change in auditors, change of director, and arrogancy do not have a significant effect on the detection of financial statement fraud.</em>


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