scholarly journals LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) in Norway – occurrence, risk factors, treatment and complications

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Carlsson ◽  
Kristian Midthjell ◽  
Valdemar Grill
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Incident Cases

LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) may be the most common form of autoimmune diabetes and thus encompasses a significant proportion of the diabetic population. Still, knowledge about this common form of diabetes is limited. In this paper we give an overview of some aspects of LADA, primarily using data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). In HUNT, LADA accounts for 7% of all incident cases of diabetes in adults. Data from HUNT indicate that risk factors for LADA include overweight, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and low psychosocial well-being. Risk factors thus seem to be largely similar to those of type 2 diabetes which suggests a partially shared pathogenesis, in spite of the autoimmune nature of LADA. With regard to genetic factors LADA may be a genetic mix of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as LADA patients seem to have an increased prevalence of HLA haplotypes linked to type 1 diabetes, and possibly also genes associated with type 2 diabetes. Patients with LADA are at increased mortality risk, primarily from cardiovascular disease. The excess risk seems to be linked to poor glycemic control rather than metabolic risk factors. These results emphasise the importance of optimal treatment modalities to improve survival in LADA. Documentation of optimal treatment for LADA is still lacking and there is an urgent need for studies in this field.

scholarly journals Sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefin E Löfvenborg ◽  
Tomas Andersson ◽  
Per-Ola Carlsson ◽  
Mozhgan Dorkhan ◽  
Leif Groop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Daily Serving

Objective Sweetened beverage intake is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but its association with autoimmune diabetes is unclear. We aimed to investigate sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA); autoimmune diabetes with features of type 2 diabetes. Design/methods Data from a Swedish population-based study was used, including incident cases of LADA (n = 357) and type 2 diabetes (n = 1136) and randomly selected controls (n = 1371). Diabetes classification was based on onset age (≥35), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and C-peptide. Sweetened beverage intake information was derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. ORs adjusted for age, sex, family history of diabetes, education, lifestyle, diet, energy intake and BMI were estimated using logistic regression. Results Daily intake of >2 servings of sweetened beverages (consumed by 6% of participants) was associated with increased risk of LADA (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.11–3.56), and for each 200 mL daily serving, OR was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02–1.29). Findings were similar for sugar-sweetened (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00–1.39) and artificially sweetened beverages (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.95–1.32). Similarly, each daily serving increment in total sweetened beverage conferred 20% higher type 2 diabetes risk (95% CI: 1.07–1.34). In type 2 diabetes patients, high consumers displayed higher HOMA-IR levels (4.5 vs 3.5, P = 0.0002), but lower HOMA-B levels (55 vs 70, P = 0.0378) than non-consumers. Similar tendencies were seen in LADA. Conclusions High intake of sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of LADA. The observed relationship resembled that with type 2 diabetes, suggesting common pathways possibly involving insulin resistance.

Type 1 Diabetes-related Autoantibodies in Different Forms of Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Childhood Type

Autoantibodies against Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma antigen-2 (IA- 2A), insulin (IAA) and the most recently Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8A) are one of the most reliable biomarkers for autoimmune diabetes in both children and adults. They are today the only biomarkers that can distinguish Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) from phenotypically type 2 diabetes. As the frequency of autoantibodies at diagnosis in childhood type 1 diabetes depends on age, GADA is by far the most common in adult onset autoimmune diabetes, especially LADA. Being multiple autoantibody positive have also shown to be more common in childhood diabetes compared to adult onset diabetes, and multiple autoantibody positivity have a high predictive value of childhood type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies have shown inconsistent results to predict diabetes in adults. Levels of autoantibodies are reported to cause heterogeneity in LADA. Reports indicate that individuals with high levels of autoantibodies have a more type 1 diabetes like phenotype and individuals with low levels of autoantibody positivity have a more type 2 diabetes like phenotype. It is also well known that autoantibody levels can fluctuate and transient autoantibody positivity in adult onset autoimmune diabetes have been reported to affect the phenotype.

scholarly journals Alcohol and the risk for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: results based on Swedish ESTRID study

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Rasouli ◽  
Tomas Andersson ◽  
Per-Ola Carlsson ◽  
Mozhgan Dorkhan ◽  
Valdemar Grill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveModerate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate whether alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), an autoimmune form of diabetes with features of type 2 diabetes.DesignA population-based case–control study was carried out to investigate the association of alcohol consumption and the risk of LADA.MethodsWe used data from the ESTRID case–control study carried out between 2010 and 2013, including 250 incident cases of LADA (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADAs) positive) and 764 cases of type 2 diabetes (GADA negative), and 1012 randomly selected controls aged ≥35. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of diabetes in relation to alcohol intake, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes, smoking, and education.ResultsAlcohol consumption was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.99 for every 5-g increment in daily intake). Similar results were observed for LADA, but stratification by median GADA levels revealed that the results only pertained to LADA with low GADA levels (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.94/5 g alcohol per day), whereas no association was observed with LADA having high GADA levels (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94–1.06/5 g per day). Every 5-g increment of daily alcohol intake was associated with a 10% increase in GADA levels (P=0.0312), and a 10% reduction in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P=0.0418).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that alcohol intake may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and type 2-like LADA, but has no beneficial effects on diabetes-related autoimmunity.

scholarly journals Genetic Similarities Between Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults, Type 1 Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1433-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cervin ◽  
V. Lyssenko ◽  
E. Bakhtadze ◽  
E. Lindholm ◽  
P. Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes
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