Nasopharyngeal Turbinates in Brachycephalic Dogs and Cats

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Ginn ◽  
M.S.A. Kumar ◽  
Brendan C. McKiernan ◽  
Barbara E. Powers

This retrospective study reports the presence and incidence of nasal turbinates in the nasopharynx (nasopharyngeal turbinates) in a population of brachycephalic dogs and cats exhibiting signs of upper respiratory disease. Medical records were reviewed for 53 brachycephalic dogs and 10 brachycephalic cats undergoing upper airway endoscopy. Nasopharyngeal turbinates were identified in 21% of brachycephalic animals, including 21% of dogs and 20% of cats. Pugs accounted for 32% of all dogs in the study population and 82% of dogs with nasopharyngeal turbinates. The presence of nasopharyngeal turbinates may play a role in upper airway obstruction in the brachycephalic airway syndrome.

Author(s):  
M.N. Saulez ◽  
N.M. Slovis ◽  
A.T. Louden

Tracheal trauma with resultant rupture is uncommonly reported in veterinary literature. We report the case of a 16-year-old Thoroughbred gelding that sustained a 1 cm longitudinal perforation of the dorsal tracheal membrane in the proximal cervical region. The horse subsequently developed dyspnoea due to acute upper respiratory obstruction secondary to severe emphysema of the guttural pouches. A temporary tracheostomy caudal to the site of tracheal perforation was performed under local anaesthesia. This procedure helped relieve the upper airway obstruction and aided resolution of the injury by diverting air away from the site of tracheal perforation. After conservative management, the gelding recovered completely.


2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam T. Ross ◽  
Ken Kazahaya ◽  
Lawrence W. C. Tom

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative same-day discharge is safe for most children undergoing tonsillectomy. However, young children with upper airway obstruction have a higher risk of postoperative complications. We review our tonsillectomy experience in children under 36 months to evaluate the safety of outpatient tonsillectomy in this population. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a retrospective study of all children under 36 months who underwent tonsillectomy during a recent 2-year period at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. RESULTS: The indication for tonsillectomy in 96% of 421 children was upper airway obstruction. Eighteen percent required postoperative treatment to prevent respiratory compromise; 56% of these patients had no associated medical comorbidity. Patients younger than 24 months and those with medical comorbidities were more likely to require intervention. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: It is not possible to preoperatively anticipate which children will have postsurgical complications. We recommend planning an overnight admission for children younger than 36 months undergoing tonsillectomy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Syahrial Marsinta Hutauruk ◽  
Fauziah Fardizza ◽  
Sevi Aristya

Latar belakang: Difteri adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh kuman bacillus grampositif Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Bakteri ini terutama menyebabkan infeksi pada saluran napasberupa tonsilofaringitis, laringitis, maupun keduanya secara bersamaan, ditandai dengan terbentuknyapseudomembran. Kematian pada anak dengan penyakit ini umumnya terjadi karena sumbatan jalannapas atas, ataupun efek sistemik toksin difteri. Tujuan: Melaporkan dan menganalisis kasus tonsilitisdifteri yang berakhir dengan kematian meskipun telah mendapat tatalaksana sumbatan jalan napas atas.Laporan kasus: Kasus anak perempuan usia 4 tahun, dan anak laki-laki usia 5 tahun dengan tonsilitisdifteri disertai sumbatan jalan napas atas. Metode: Telaah literatur berbasis bukti mengenai tonsilitisdifteri, komplikasi, dan status imunisasi melalui database Cochrane, Pubmed Medline, dan EBSCOHost Medline. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi didapatkan 3 jurnal yang relevan dengan kasusyang dilaporkan. Hasil: Studi tersebut menyatakan tonsilitis difteri sebagai penyakit dengan komplikasisumbatan jalan napas dan jantung. Komplikasi jantung adalah penyebab kematian tertinggi pada tonsilitisdifteri. Status imunisasi pada kasus meninggal sebagian besar tidak lengkap, dan cakupan imunisasi totalmasih rendah. Kesimpulan: Tonsilitis difteri merupakan kasus jarang dengan tingkat kematian tinggiakibat komplikasi sumbatan jalan napas dan jantung. Kematian dapat terjadi akibat efek sistemik toksindifteri, meskipun sumbatan jalan napas telah diatasi. Status imunisasi yang tidak lengkap dan rendahnyacakupan imunisasi pada wilayah tempat tinggal penderita meningkatkan mortalitas kasus tonsilitis difteri. Kata kunci: tonsilitis difteri, sumbatan jalan napas atas, imunisasi difteri, toksin sistemik ABSTRACTBackground: Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphthe­riae, a gram-positive bacillus. The organism infects primarily the respiratory tract, where it causestonsillopharyngitis, laryngitis, or both, typically marked by the forming of pseudomembrane. In children,either the upper respiratory tract obstruction or the effects of diphtheria toxin are the most common causeof death. Purpose: To report and analyze tonsillitis diphtheria cases that ended up in fatality, althoughthe upper airway obstruction had been managed. Case report: Two cases of a 4-years girl and 5-yearsold boy with tonsillitis diphtheria with upper respiratory tract obstruction. Method: The evidence basedliterature regarding tonsillitis diphtheria, its complication and diphtheria immunization status wereconducted on Cochrane database, Pubmed Medline, and EBSCO Host Medline. Based on the inclusionand exclusion criteria, three studies were found relevant to our cases. Result: These studies stated thattonsillitis diphtheria is a disease with upper airway obstruction and cardiac complications. Cardiaccomplications are the leading cause of death. Immunization status in fatal cases was largely incompleteand total immunization coverage was still low. Conclusion: Tonsillitis diphtheria is a rare case with highmortality rate due to upper airway obstruction and cardiac complication. Systemic effect of diphtheriatoxin can lead to fatality although the airway obstruction had been managed. The incomplete immunizationstatus and the low immunization coverage increased the mortality of tonsillitis diphtheria. Keywords: tonsillitis diphtheria, upper airway obstruction, diphtheria immunization, systemic toxin


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8

Background: Parents of tracheostomized infants often enquire when their children will undergo decannulation. However, there are few studies on the decannulation of children who are tracheotomized in infancy. Therefore, this study investigated when decannulation should be performed in children by retrospectively analysing medical records. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of tracheostomy, decannulation and tracheostoma closure in 48 children who underwent tracheostomy before the age of 3 years. The indications for tracheostomy included upper airway obstruction, neurological conditions, cardiopulmonary conditions, craniofacial conditions and trauma. Result: Nineteen (33.3%) patients were decannulated during the follow-up period: 12 had upper airway obstruction, four had cardiopulmonary conditions, one had a neurological condition and two had craniofacial conditions. The average age at tracheostomy was 13.6 months. The average age at the start of the decannulation therapy was 5.4 years. The average age at decannulation was 7.2 years. The average age at tracheostoma closure was 9.2 years. Conclusion: This description of ages at decannulation after pediatric tracheostomy may be useful when explaining the prognoses and timelines of decannulation to parents and caretakers of pediatric patients who need to undergo tracheostomy.


2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Rastatter ◽  
James W. Schroeder ◽  
Stephen R. Hoff ◽  
Lauren D. Holinger

Objective. To determine the incidence of preoperative and postoperative aspiration in infants who undergo supraglottoplasty. To determine the effect of cold steel and CO2laser supraglottoplasty on aspiration in infants with severe laryngomalacia.Design. Retrospective study.Setting. Tertiary pediatric hospital.Patients. Thirty-nine patients who underwent CO2laser-assisted supraglottoplasty (CLS) or cold steel supraglottoplasty (CSS) for severe laryngomalacia.Main Outcome Measures. Aspiration and upper-airway obstruction.Results. Thirty-nine patients met inclusion criteria (18 males, 21 females). Eighteen patients underwent CSS and 21 patients underwent CLS. 10/39 (25.6%) of the patients had preoperative aspiration, and 2/10 (20%) resolved after supraglottoplasty. New onset aspiration was found in 4/13 (30.8%) in the CSS group and 9/16 (56.3%) in the CLS group.Conclusions. There is no significant difference in the rate of postoperative new-onset aspiration or relief of upper-airway obstruction in the CLS or CSS, is temporary and can be managed with thickened diet or temporary tube feedings. The rate of persistent postoperative aspiration was statistically similar regardless of the method of surgery.


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