Early detection of canine hip dysplasia: comparison of two palpation and five radiographic methods

Hip joint laxity was evaluated in four breeds (i.e., greyhound, Labrador retriever, Irish setter, hound mixed-breed) of puppies (n=32) by Ortolani's and Bardens' maneuvers, by subjective assessment of radiographs (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals [OFA] method), and by four radiographic measurement indices. Puppies were studied at four, six-to-10, 16-to-18, and 52 weeks of age. The purpose of this study was to compare palpation and radiographic methods of hip laxity detection in puppies for predicting the development of degenerative joint disease (DJD) by one year of age. Twenty-seven (42%) hips developed DJD. Ortolani's method was not a reliable predictor of hip dysplasia at six-to-10 weeks; it was significantly predictive at 16-to-18 weeks but had a high incidence of false negatives. Bardens' and subjective (OFA) assessment methods were not reliable at six-to-10 or 16-to-18 weeks. Radiographic measurements taken with femurs in a neutral position and hips distracted (distraction index [DI] and Norberg angle) and measurements taken with femurs extended in OFA position (Norberg angle) of six- to 10-week-old puppies accurately predicted DJD occurrence by one year of age (p less than 0.01). Distraction index measurement (PennHIP method) was the most accurate in predicting the development of DJD (p less than 0.001). Distraction index radiography in puppies six-to-10 and 16-to-18 weeks of age was the most reliable predictor of hip dysplasia. Norberg angle measurement was more reliable during hip distraction than when hips were measured in the OFA position in 16- to 18-week-old puppies, but had similar reliability in six- to 10-week-old puppies.

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Traumatic Coxofemoral Luxation in Dysplastic Dogs Managed with a Triple Pelvic Osteotomy: Results in four Dogs

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632584 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 136-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D. D. Lewis ◽

S. C. Kerwin ◽

S. T. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Femoral Head ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

External Rotation ◽

Pelvic Osteotomy ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Contralateral Limb ◽

Norberg Angle

SummaryTriple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) was used in the treatment for traumatic coxofemoral luxations in four adult, large breed dogs with hip dysplasia. Initial closed reductions failed in three and one dog had an initial closed reduction and subsequent open reduction of the coxofemoral luxation that failed. Hip dysplasia was thought to be a prominent factor contributing to the reluxation. TPO successfully maintained reduction of the coxofemoral luxation in all of the dogs. An increase in dorsal acetabular coverage of the femoral head following TPO was demonstrated by an increased Norberg angle. The improved congruency was thought to maintain reduction of the femoral head in the acetabulum and decrease stresses on the joint capsule, allowing healing to occur. Long-term (median: 343, mean ± SD: 406 ± 226 days follow-up) function of the affected limb was comparable to the contralateral limb. Three of the four dogs did not have radiographic progression of coxofemoral degenerative joint disease of the affected joint and differences in the progression of degenerative joint disease were not evident between the affected and the contralateral coxofemoral joint. A decrease in abduction and external rotation and an increase in internal rotation following TPO was noted in the affected coxofemoral joint. Our results establish the utility of this procedure in dysplastic dogs with traumatic coxofemoral luxations.Triple pelvic osteotomy used in the treatment for traumatic coxofemoral luxation in four adult, large breed dogs with hip dysplasia successfully maintained reduction and resulted in satisfactory limb function in all patients.

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Treatment of canine hip dysplasia using triple pelvic osteotomy

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5748-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 1 - 2) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

K. Altunatmaz ◽

R. Yucel ◽

Y. Devecioglu ◽

M. Saroglu ◽

S. Ozsoy

Keyword(s):

Femoral Head ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Pelvic Osteotomy ◽

Hereditary Disease ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Hip Joints ◽

Mild Dysplasia ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia ◽

Norberg Angle

In this study, triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) was carried out in a total of 22 dysplastic dogs, of which 9 were treated bilaterally and 13 unilaterally, and the position of the acetabulum was changed in a total of 31 hip joints using a special plate. It was established that, of the treated hip joints, 16 had severe, 12 medium and 3 mild dysplasia, the Norberg angle was between 70–92° and that the covering rate of the acetabulum over the femoral head changed between 5–42°. In the radiographs taken immediately after the operation, the covering rate of the acetabulum over the femoral head was determined to be very good in 25 hip joints (75% and over) and good in 6 joints (60–75%). In 5 cases, some of the screws holding the plate in place were seen to loosen in radiographs. However, this did not have any effect on the angle given to the acetabulum. In radiographs obtained 6–48 months later, degenerative joint disease was not encountered in 29 cases, with the exception of 2 cases. It was concluded that hip dysplasia, which is a hereditary disease, can be treated reasonably successfully in young dogs with TPO carried out before degenerative changes begin to occur in the joint.

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Morgan line and its relationship with distraction index, angle of inclination and degenerative joint disease in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-8764 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 894-900 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F.G. Miranda ◽

C.M.F. Rezende ◽

E.F. Silva ◽

B.D. Rocha ◽

M.M. Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Second Stage ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

Stage 1 ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia ◽

Norberg Angle

ABSTRACT We evaluated 160 hip joint radiographs of 40 dogs of different large breeds (25 females and 15 males) from the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The radiographs of each dog were obtained at two different stages: stage 1 (mean 7.23 months) and stage 2 (mean 14.25). The conventional radiographic method (CRM) and the radiographic distraction method (RDM) were used, carried out in both stages. CRM measured the Norberg angle (NA), the angle of inclination (AI) and evaluated the presence of degenerative joint disease (DJD). The MRD was performed to establish the distraction index (DI). The aims were to evaluate the presence of the Morgan line and other signs of DJD and correlate them with the degree of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) and also check if the DI greater than 0.3 (first stage) was associated with the presence of ML (second stage). It was found that DI, AI and changes of femoral neck and the formation of osteophytes were associated with the presence of ML. It was observed that if the DI is greater than 0.3 at the first stage, the chance of a positive outcome of ML in the second stage increases by 7.2 times. Thus, 49 joints showed DI > 0.3 at the first stage, in which 31 (63.3 %) presented ML at the second stage. Of the 31 animals that showed DI ≤ 0.3 at first, six (19.4%) had LM at the second stage. There has been a significant association between the presence of ML and the degree of CHD. The more severe the CHD, the higher the percentage of positive ML results. Thus, among the 24 (60 %) animals that showed ML, 11 (45.83 %) were classified as severe dysplastics, 5 (20.83%) as moderate and 8 (33.33 %) as mild. None of the animals classified as normal or borderline presented ML. Among the 8 animals classified as mild dysplastics, 5 showed only ML as DJD.

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Screening methods of coxofemural dysplasia in dogs

10.53937/icz10.2021.53 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Antonina Dumitriu ◽

◽

Valeriu Enciu ◽

Keyword(s):

International Organizations ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Complex Analysis ◽

Early Stage ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Screening Methods ◽

X Ray ◽

Analysis Of The Images ◽

Norberg Angle

The major desideratum of the screening action of the hip dysplasia is the early discovery of the disease and its highlighting at an early stage. Hip dysplasia is interpreted as an abnormal and / or defective development of the hip (hip joint), which can cause excessive wear of the articular cartilage due to the support of body weight leading to the development of arthritis, often called degenerative joint disease or simply osteoarthritis, these terms being used randomly. All these morphofunctional changes can be detected early, by different methods of observation, which necessarily involve X-ray radiological examination, performing a complex analysis of the images studied, according to the recommendations of various international organizations such as FCI Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) - score which includes measuring the Norberg angle, the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA), the PennHIP Program - which involves measuring hip laxity, etc.

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Evolution of Radiographic Parameters of Canine Passive Hip Laxity at 4, 6 and 12 months: A Study of 306 Dogs

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (05) ◽

pp. 321-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Genevois ◽

Eric Viguier ◽

Claude Carozzo ◽

Véronique Livet ◽

Arnaud Baldinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Significance ◽

Total Population ◽

Angle Measurement ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Stress Radiographs ◽

Radiographic Parameters ◽

Radiographic Data ◽

Norberg Angle

Objectives This article evaluates the variation in the distraction index (DI) and Norberg angle measurement with the femur in a neutral position and the hips distracted (distraction Norberg angle [DNA]) between 4, 6 and 12 months of age. Methods Radiographic data from dogs (n = 306) line-bred for favourable characteristics, including hip conformation, were reviewed. Dogs underwent stress radiographs, using a Vezzoni distractor, at 4, 6 and 12 months of age. The DI and DNA were calculated, and their evolution was studied for the total population and the sub-category of hips with a DI > 0.7. Results For the total population, the DI showed a significant increase from 4 to 6 months and a significant decrease at 12 months. For the hips with a DI > 0.7 at 4 months, DI at 6 and 12 months showed a significant decrease (0.14 and 0.26, respectively, on average). For the total population, the DNA followed the same pattern as the DI, and the values are significantly associated (p < 0.001). Clinical Significance The DI varies significantly from 4 to 12 months in dogs, and the time of radiographic evaluation of hip laxity may strongly influence the value of the DI. The DNA is strongly related to the DI, and its use as a more convenient indicator of hip laxity in dogs should be further investigated.

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A retrospective study of canine hip dysplasia in 116 military working dogs. Part I: Angle measurements and orthopedic foundation for animals (OFA) grading

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/15473317-32-5-413 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 413-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

CM Banfield ◽

JE Bartels ◽

JA Hudson ◽

JC Wright ◽

JT Hathcock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Joint Space Width ◽

Joint Space ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Working Dogs ◽

Estimated Risk ◽

Width Measurements ◽

Military Working Dogs ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia

The progression of hip dysplasia was investigated in 116 military working dogs. Serial pelvic radiographs were graded for degree of dysplasia and degenerative joint disease (DJD). Norberg angles, angles of inclination, and joint space widths were measured. There was a significant correlation between the Norberg angle and the degree of dysplasia (p less than 0.0001). Angles of inclination and joint space width measurements did not demonstrate a correlation to canine hip dysplasia. Dysplastic dogs had a significant estimated risk for development of DJD compared to normal dogs (p less than 0.0001; odds ratio of 70.2). Dogs with normal hip conformation at 24 months of age or older did not develop moderate nor severe DJD.

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Surgical Correction of Patellar Luxation in a Rabbit

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/254354 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Riggs ◽

S. J. Langley-Hobbs

Keyword(s):

Hind Limb ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Surgical Correction ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Joint Effusion ◽

Trochlear Groove ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Stifle Joint ◽

One Year ◽

The Right

A two-and-a-half-year-old giant lop-eared rabbit, weighing 5.1 kg, presented with a one-month history of intermittent right hind limb lameness. The limb locked in extension during hopping. On examination, a grade-2 medial patellar luxation of the right hind was diagnosed, with associated stifle joint swelling. Radiographic findings of the right stifle comprised periarticular osteophyte formation consistent with mild degenerative joint disease and joint effusion. Surgical correction involving right trochlear wedge recession sulcoplasty and lateral imbrication was carried out to stabilise the patella in the trochlear groove. The right hind limb lameness resolved, and the patella was stable at a 6-month postoperative examination. One year postoperatively, the right patella was luxating again concurrent with bilateral stifle effusions. Euthanasia was performed twenty months after surgery due to recurrent lameness in the right hind limb.

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