scholarly journals The autistic spectrum disorder and its relation to intestinal dysbiosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Dias Nogueira ◽  
Ana Klara Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Barbara Beatriz Lira da Silva ◽  
Ana Kamila Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Marlilia Moura Coelho Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by a neurodevelopmental disorder, in which the child has persistent deficits in verbal and / or non-verbal communication, social interaction and behavior. One of the factors related to the cause of ASD are nutritional aspects, such as intestinal dysbiosis. Objective: To analyze the relationship between imbalance in the intestinal microbiota and the pathophysiological characteristics of ASD. Methodology: This is a systematic review, carried out in the Pubmed, SciELO databases, in order to answer the question: what is the relationship between intestinal microbiota imbalance and ASD? 139 articles were found, of which 12 were selected, through the simultaneous crossing between the descriptors “Autistic Disorder”, “Dysbiosis”. Articles written in Portuguese and English published from 2016 to 2021 were inserted. Results/Discussion: Most children with ASD exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms, such as constipation and diarrhea, and greater intestinal permeability, with major differences in the composition of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Patients with ASD have a lower microbiota diversity in the GIT. However, it is not possible to identify the origin of this change, since children with ASD often have changes in diet and eating behavior, which could alter the microbiota. Conclusion: It is still complex to understand what are the main causes of ASD. The gut-brain axis is an important associated factor both in the etiology and in the clinical manifestations of ASD. The use of diets, together with the modulation of the microbiota, by the use of probiotics and specific antibiotics, are possibilities for promising therapy.

scholarly journals A Review of the Efficacy of the Dietary Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Zainab Taha ◽  
Khalid A. Abdalhai
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Children With Asd

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with 1 in 68 children prevalence. The key symptoms of ASD include social deficits, verbal and non-verbal communication deficits, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. For unknown reasons, gastrointestinal symptoms are related to ASD. The aim of the current paper is to review the available literature on dietary interventions in children with ASD and provide up-to-date evidence. METHODS: Searches in online databases, using the search terms’ dietary intervention, “autism spectrum disorders,” and “autism” were conducted. The search targeted publications ranging from 2010 to 2020. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies with different study designs which evaluated the effectiveness of specific dietary interventions in children with ASD were included in our review. Several dietary interventions were of popular practice in the management of children with ASD, including elimination (gluten-/casein-free diet and oligoantigenic diet), modification (modified ketogenic diet), supplementation (minerals, vitamins, omega 3, and omega 6), and exclusion (food additives). Studies showed different results with varying degrees of evidence. Overall, data were inadequate to make accurate conclusions. CONCLUSION: There is little evidence to support the use of dietary interventions for children with ASD. Additional high-quality studies and further research are, therefore, needed.

scholarly journals Library Services for Youth with Autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley S. J. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Library Staff

At least 1 in 166 children are born with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but few school libraries provide resources and services explicitly targeting this population. This paper explains the characteristics and educational challenges of children with ASD; and provides ways to create an inclusive library environment that offers a rich variety of resources and services that engage these children. Tips for training library staff relative to ASD are also given.

scholarly journals Teachers’ perspectives on handwriting and collaborative intervention for children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Therese McNamee ◽  
Sandra Patton
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Emergent Literacy ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Occupational Therapy Education ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Republic

Purpose This study aims to investigate teacher perspectives on teaching handwriting to children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and collaboration with occupational therapists. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive design was applied. Purpose-designed surveys were distributed to teachers of children with ASD (aged 4-12 years) in the Republic of Ireland. A response rate of 35 per cent (N = 75) was obtained, with 25 responses analysed using descriptive statistics of closed questions and content analysis of open-ended questions. Findings Of 139 children with ASD, 80 (58 per cent) were reported to have difficulties with handwriting. Teachers reported specific difficulties with pencil grasp, letter formation and task concept among the children with ASD. Fourteen (56 per cent, N = 25) respondents did not give handwriting as homework. Teachers valued occupational therapy advice, individualised programmes and ongoing consultation during implementation. Interest in occupational therapy education regarding handwriting was reported. Practical implications Occupational therapy collaboration to address handwriting difficulties for children with ASD should include involvement in teacher education, coordination of teacher–parent collaboration and the need for involvement in early intervention provision within an emergent literacy framework. Originality/value Handwriting development is challenging for children with ASD. There is limited information on teaching or teacher–occupational therapy collaborative practices to address handwriting difficulties of children with ASD.

scholarly journals Screening for autistic spectrum disorder in early childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Jullien
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Children With Asd

AbstractWe looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness of screening young children for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) for improving short- and long-term outcomes.We conducted a literature search up to the 8th of November 2019 by using key terms and manual search in selected sources. We summarized the recommendations and the strength of the recommendation when and as reported by the authors. We summarized the main findings of systematic reviews with the certainty of the evidence as reported.There are discrepancies among the recommendations given by different institutions on universal screening for ASD in children. Some recommend that all children should be screened with an ASD-specific instrument during well-child visits at ages 18 and 24 months in conjunction with ongoing developmental surveillance and broadband developmental screening; some conclude that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for ASD in young children for whom no concerns of ASD have been raised by their parents or a clinician; and others recommend against universal screening, but for a screening among children with high risks.There is adequate evidence that ASD screening tools applied to children between 12 and 36 months accurately identify those with ASD. There is some evidence showing benefit of early interventions applied to children with ASD, from children identified with developmental concern by their family, teacher or clinicians. We found no evidence on the effectiveness of interventions applied to children with ASD detected through screening.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia in a Child with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Obesity: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
Adim Prasai ◽  
Abha Prasai
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Difficult Cases

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in the first three years of life. Children may attend hospital for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures at different points of their lives. Due to increased anxiety of patient and family members, uncooperative or combative behaviour, these patients are considered to be difficult cases for anaesthesia. Overweight and obesity in children has become endemic and perioperative complications are more frequent in these patients. A versatile approach should be adopted for management of these patients.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Co-Morbidities in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Toka Khaled Mohamed ◽  
Reham Abd-elrahman Lofty Amer ◽  
Amr Adel Mohamed Heiba ◽  
Hosam El-din Fathallah Elsawy
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by causing marked decrease in social interaction and communication, conversation skills. The aim of this work was to explore the psychiatric co-morbidities among children with ASD. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out 55 children less than 18 years old fulfilled criteria for ASD. All patients were subjected to: Psychiatric interviewing and Psychometric tests that included Stanford-Binet test 5th edition, Arabic version of Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia “K-SADS, Arabic version of Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Arabic version of Conner’s Scale for ADHD and Arabic version of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) (Child and parent versions). Results: The majority of the studied ASD children were males younger than 13 years old, from rural areas, with mild and moderate intellectual disability, and with severe ASD symptoms. There is statistically significant difference between severity of ASD in studied children measured by CARS, and number of co-morbidities. The most prevalent psychiatric co-morbidities among studied              ASD children were anxiety disorders (41.82%), followed by ADHD                                                     (36.36%). There is statistically significant difference between severe form of ASD and psychiatric co-morbidities regarding ADHD, Tic disorder, ODD and elimination disorder, While Social anxiety and GAD were more common among children with milder forms. Among the studied children, the specific phobias, ODD and elimination disorders, were more in younger age groups. While social anxiety and psychotic disorders occurred more frequently with older age groups. GAD, somatization and depression were more frequent with females, while ADHD occurred more with males. Conclusion: Presence of comorbid disorders among children with ASD is the rule rather than exception. Male children had more combined subtype and more severe form of the disorder. The most common comorbid psychiatric disorders with ASD are anxiety disorders and ADHD. The early identification and treatment of ASD and comorbid conditions may reduce the likelihood of impairment and persistence into adulthood.

scholarly journals O desenvolvimento de uma alimentação adequada para crianças portadoras de TEA - transtorno do espectro autista / The development of proper food for children with ASD - autistic spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 105134-105146
Author(s):  
Maiza Nogueira Oliveira ◽  
Samia Lima dos Santos ◽  
Slane Frazão De Souza ◽  
José Carlos de Sales Ferreira ◽  
Rebeca Sakamoto Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd

scholarly journals Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD/GAPS) and Dietary Supplements for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Silvija Ābele ◽  
Laila Meija ◽  
Valdis Folkmanis ◽  
Lilian Tzivian
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Specific Carbohydrate Diet

Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the potential of a specific carbohydrate diet and selected dietary supplements in reducing some autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children. This was a quantitative, non-blinded, non-randomised three-month pilot study of a dietary and nutritional intervention. The study participants were 17 children from Latvia and the United Kingdom with a diagnosis of ASD or autistic symptoms waiting to be diagnosed (intervention group n = 10, control group n = 7). The intervention group received a specific carbohydrate dietary plan — Specific Carbohydrate Diet / Gut and Psychology Syndrome diet (SCD/GAPS) — and a few dietary supplements (omega-3 essential fatty acids, ascorbyl-palmitate, probiotics, vitamin D, and vitamin C). Family compliance to the dietary guidelines was 40–80%. Autistic and digestive symptoms were evaluated by parents using validated questionnaires. By the end of the study, gastrointestinal symptoms decreased in both groups (p = 0.01 for the intervention group, p = 0.02 for the control group), especially abdominal pain and bloating. The Overall Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) score decreased by 23% in the intervention group (p = 0.05), with the largest improvement in Socialising (p = 0.03) and Health/Behaviour (p = 0.02) aspects. The Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC) score decreased by 29% in the intervention group (p = 0.01), with the largest improvement in Irritability (p < 0.01) and Hyperactivity (p = 0.02) subcategories. Overall Parent Global Impressions — Revised-2 (PGI-2) evaluation showed a 43% improvement in the intervention group in comparison to 14% in the control group, p = 0.02. The specific carbohydrate diet (SCD/GAPS) and supplements were found to be a safe and effective approach for reducing some symptoms of ASD in children.

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