1300 Years Since the Birth of Geber – Beginning and Foundation of Arabic Alchemy

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-533
Author(s):  
Nano Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
The Future

Geber (Latinized name of Jabir ibn Hayyan (c. 721 – c. 815)) is among the most notable representatives of medieval chemistry. The article, dedicated to the 1300th anniversary of his birth, tries to depict his work as the beginning and groundwork for Arabic alchemy, also serving as a push for the formation of chemistry in the future. The article touches upon his life, characteristics, evaluation of his works, doubts about his identity and authorship. His influences are examined and his achievements in the area of metallurgy (sulfur-mercury theory, characterizing all known metals), knowledge of `secret` (stimulating the transmutation of metals) substances, mineral acids, salts, chemical processes and apparatus, his contributions to practical chemistry prove the broadness of his interests. His rational and practical approach is acknowledged and also his “outer” spiritualism present in the terminology inherited by the authors of Alexandria. The legacy he leaves – his authority, influence on the development of chemistry and followers – Arabic medical alchemists. In the conclusion his services to science and civilization are summarized.

Thermodynamics and the Simulation Engineer

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A Satyro
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
The Future

In this paper a brief, commented introduction to thermodynamics highlighting its connections with the simulation of chemical processes is presented. With these connections established I proceed to comment on current challenges faced by process and product modelers and conclude with a peek into the future of process and product design and the role of thermodynamics as the unifying discipline for engineers.

Total lab automation in microbiology: An overview of BD Kiestra InoqulA and Copan WASP

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-015
Author(s):  
Assama Riaz ◽  
Dinali Obeysekera ◽  
Kelsie Ruslow
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Laboratory Automation ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Total Laboratory Automation ◽  
Dependent Field

Total Laboratory Automation (TLA) is the future of laboratory diagnostics due to its efficiency, reproducibility, better turnaround time (TATs), precision, sensitivity, and specificity. Microbiology is generally considered a human dependent field and still, most of the microbiology world is confused with TLA implementation. Two better-claimed technologies BD Kiestra InoqulA and Copan WASP have emerged as a well satisfactory solution of microbiology automation in the last decade. Here we design a practical approach and reviewed all studies of BD Kiestra InoqulA and Copan WASP, assessed microbiology samples in a healthcare setting.

scholarly journals Sources of financial synchronism: Arbitrage theory and the promise of risk-free profit

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Langenohl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Financial Transaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Financial Economy ◽  
Financial Practices

This article argues that the temporality of the financial economy ought to be seen as radically synchronistic. ‘Synchronism’ refers to both an epistemological and practical approach that addresses finance neither with a view to the past nor to the future, but is instead focused on the moment that a financial transaction is settled (i.e., the horizon of trading). From this perspective, the article expands the scope of current social theorizing on financial markets, which is characterized by a preoccupation with the futurity of financial markets and products. It suggests that financial synchronism can be traced back to certain developments in economic theory since the so-called ‘marginalist revolution’, which enabled the transfer of a certain optics informing market theories into financial practices. On these terms, financial synchronism is interpreted as a powerful social imaginary that crucially mediates the way contemporary societies face the contingency of the future.

scholarly journals Development of a Simple Removable Aliphatic Template for Remote Meta-Selective C−H Functionalization: Experimental and Computational Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perla Ramesh ◽  
Chinnabattigalla Sreenivasulu ◽  
Koteswara Rao Gorantla ◽  
Bhabani Mallik ◽  
Gedu Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Olefin Coupling ◽  
Site Selective ◽  
First Time

Herein, we have successfully unveiled a simple and inexpensive removable aliphatic template as an effective DG template in promoting remote <i>meta</i>-C−H olefination of arenes for the first time. Remarkably, the template was achieved in excellent yields in just two steps and without column chromatography purification. The protocol is an efficient, economical and practical approach in achieving <i>meta</i>-C−H olefination in good to excellent isolated yields and high levels of <i>meta</i>-selectivity under mild conditions. A wide variety of substituted arenes and olefin coupling partners are well tolerated in this reaction. Moreover, the aliphatic template is found to be advantageous due to its easy synthesis, easy installation/removal, and recycle. We believe that this strategy offers new opportunities for the future development of new DG templates to promote site-selective C−H functionalizations.

scholarly journals Perioperative infusion therapy in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
Dmytro Dmytrіiev ◽  
A I Starodub
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parenteral Administration ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Functions

This article is devoted to the questions of infusion therapy – a method of treatment, which gives the possibility of parenteral administration of various substances and medicines into the body and directions for the promotion of basic functions and bio-chemical processes in the body. We considered the organization of conducting adequate infusion therapy in a particular patient, with a specific clinical situation, the questions of the purpose and tasks of infusion therapy now and in the future (tactics and strategy), the means that will be applied, their type, volume, quantitative and qualitative correlation, ways of introduction, speed and duration of the general and, if necessary, of the skin volumetric component, methods for controlling effectiveness and safety. In addition, the issues of physiological and pathological and physiological processes taking place in the child’s body and the justification of the use of different methods of infusion therapy for effective and safe infusion therapy in the child are considered.

3D-document and Digital Earth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юрий Батурин ◽  
Yuri Baturin ◽  
Евгений Еремченко ◽  
Eugene Eremchenko ◽  
Мария Захарова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Digital Earth ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The paper considers the question of bringing the existing set of laws, regulatory and legislative documents in line with the Digital Earth - new and promising universal and global environment for the information integration on all possible scales simultaneously. Existing of 4 possible geovisualization methods is stated, typology of geovisualization methods is proposed and discussed. A practical approach for determining the belonging of visualization to a particular type, based on the use of diagrams "angle-range", is proposed. Concept of 3D-documents within Digital Earth paradigm is unveiled and explained, brief history of the developing and adopting of this concept is described, the prospects of the future evolution of 3D-documents are considered briefly.

scholarly journals Opinion: Papers that shaped tropospheric chemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 12909-12948
Author(s):  
Paul S. Monks ◽  
A. R. Ravishankara ◽  
Erika von Schneidemesser ◽  
Roberto Sommariva
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Events

Abstract. Which published papers have transformed our understanding of the chemical processes in the troposphere and shaped the field of atmospheric chemistry? By way of expert solicitation and interactive peer review, this paper explores the influence of the ideas in peer-reviewed articles based on input from our community of atmospheric scientists. We explore how these papers have shaped the development of the field of atmospheric chemistry and identify the major landmarks in the field of atmospheric chemistry through the lens of those papers' impact on science, legislation and environmental events. We also explore the ways in which one can identify the papers that have most impacted the field and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches. Our work highlights the difficulty of creating a simple list, and we explore the reasons for this difficulty. The paper also provides a history of the development of our understanding of tropospheric chemistry and points some ways for the future.

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