scholarly journals ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS INVASORAS NO PAISAGISMO DOS PARQUES URBANOS DE CURITIBA, PR

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Biondi ◽  
Eduardo Muller
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Eucalyptus Viminalis

 O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as espécies arbóreas introduzidas no paisagismo de cinco parques urbanos de Curitiba, principalmente no aspecto relativo às espécies exóticas invasoras. Sortearam-se aleatoriamente cinco parques: Passeio Público, Parque Bacacheri, Parque São Lourenço, Parque Barigui e Parque Municipal do Passaúna. As árvores foram identificadas quanto a taxonomia e origem. Foram analisados 5525 indivíduos arbóreos, sendo identificados 95,9% até o nível de espécie. Da população analisada, foram identificadas 149 espécies e 48 famílias. Apenas 7 famílias representam 50% do total, com predominância de Fabaceae (20,8%), sendo que o maior número de famílias verificou-se no Parque São Lourenço. Quanto à origem, 38,25% são nativas de Curitiba, 24,83% são espécies nativas do Brasil e 24,83% são espécies exóticas. Encontraram-se 13 espécies exóticas invasoras: Citrus limon, Eriobotrya japonica, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus viminalis, Eucalyptus sp., Hovenia dulcis, Ligustrum lucidum, Melia azedarach, Morus nigra, Pinus elliottii, Pinus sp. e Pittosporum undulatum. Psidium guajava foi a única espécie nativa do Brasil considerada invasora no Paraná. O Passeio Público foi o parque com maior número de espécies exóticas invasoras, enquanto o Parque Municipal do Passaúna apresentou maior número de espécies nativas de Curitiba.Palavras-chave: Áreas verdes; espécies exóticas; espécies nativas.AbstractInvasive tree species in urban parks landscaping of Curitiba, PR. The aim of this study was to characterize the introduced tree species in landscaping of five urban parks of Curitiba, mainly concerning invasive species. Five parks were randomly selected: “Passeio Público”, “Parque Bacacheri”, “Parque São Lourenço”, “Parque Barigui” and “Parque Municipal do Passaúna”. The trees were identified according to the taxonomy and origin. 5525 trees were analyzed, 95.9% were identified at species level. From the analyzed population, 149 species were identified as well as 48 families. Only 7 families represent 50% of all families, with a predominance of Fabaceae (20.8%), and the largest number of families was found in “Parque São Lourenço”. In relation to the origin, 38.25% of trees are native of Curitiba, 24.83% are native of Brazil and 24.83% are exotic species. 13 invasive alien species had been found: Citrus limon, Eriobotrya japonica, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus viminalis, Eucalyptus sp. Hovenia dulcis, Ligustrum lucidum, Melia azedarach, Morus nigra, Pinus elliottii, Pinus sp and Pittosporum undulatum. Psidium guajava was the only Brazil native species  considered invasive in Paraná. The “Passeio Público” is the park with the highest number of invasive alien species, and the “Parque Municipal Passaúna” had the greatest number of native species of Curitiba.Keywords: Green areas; alien species; indigenous species.  

PLANTAS INVASORAS ENCONTRADAS NA ÁREA URBANA DE CURITIBA (PR)

FLORESTA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Biondi ◽  
José Henrique Pedrosa-Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Cirsium Vulgare ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

A grande maioria das espécies invasoras nas áreas urbanas é introduzida pela população e pelos órgãos públicos. Muitas delas, quando plantadas excessivamente, podem gerar problemas ambientais muito graves, principalmente como ameaça às plantas nativas remanescentes, por ocupar seu espaço. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o potencial invasor da vegetação urbana da cidade de Curitiba, com base numa amostragem aleatória composta de setenta unidades distribuídas em cinco condições espaciais diferentes – ruas, parques, praças, terrenos baldios e jardins – em quarenta e cinco bairros diferentes, e levando-se em consideração o crescimento demográfico e a evolução da ocupação urbana de Curitiba. Das 370 espécies amostradas na área urbana de Curitiba, 155 espécies (42%) são consideradas invasoras por algum país e 21 espécies (5,7%) são consideradas invasoras no Brasil (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Chrysanthemum myconis L., Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tem., Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., Crocosmia x crocosmaeflora Lem., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cyperus rotundus L., Dracaena fragrans Ker-Gawl., Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., Impatiens walleriana Hook. f., Ligustrum lucidum Aiton., Melia azedarach Blanco, Morus nigra L., Ophiopogon japonicum Ker-Gawl., Passiflora alata (Dryand.) Ait., Psidium guajava L., Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. e Tradescantia zebrina Hort. ex Bosse). Destas espécies, 8 são invasoras (2,2%) na região de Curitiba (Cirsium vulgare, Eriobotrya japonica, Melia azedarach, Morus nigra, Ophiopogon japonicum, Psidium guajava e Tradescantia zebrina).

scholarly journals Leaching of carbon from native and non-native leaf litter of subtropical riparian forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Da Silva ◽  
Alice T. Valduga ◽  
Joseline Molozzi ◽  
Rodrigo Fornel ◽  
Rozane M. Restello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Carbon

We evaluated the leaching of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC, respectively) from leaf litter of plant species of the native Atlantic Forest and of Pinus elliottii (Engelm.) and Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden) forests. We carried out experiments in which leaves from each forest system (native, E. grandis, and P. elliottii) were placed in reactors with sterile water. After 1/4 h, 1 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h of incubation, we quantified the concentrations of DIC and DOC of each leachate. The greatest quantity of DIC was leached in the native forest system, whereas the greatest quantity of DOC was leached in the E. grandis forest system. With respect to the period of year, the greatest quantity of DIC was leached in autumn, whereas that of DOC was leached in the summer. Our results demonstrated that the replacement of native species in riparian zones, by non-native forest monocultures, could alter the chemical composition of the water. Finally, the results presented in this paper reinforce the need for a more careful look at ecological processes.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DAS ESPÉCIES EXÓTICAS INVASORAS NA EXPRESSÃO DA DIVERSIDADE DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE RUAS DE CURITIBA-PR

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Rogério Bobrowski ◽  
Daniela Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Hovenia Dulcis

A diversificação da composição de espécies é objetivo primordial do planejamento da arborização de ruas. Sem conhecimento técnico especializado e reconhecimento do comportamento ecológico de uma espécie pode-se introduzir aquelas com potencial invasor.  Este trabalho objetivou analisar a composição da diversidade de espécies na arborização de ruas, a contribuição das espécies exóticas e exóticas invasoras na expressão do índice de Shannon-Wiener e a variação da diversidade de espécies entre duas ocasiões de medição. Para isso foram remedidas 15 unidades amostrais de um inventário de 1984, sendo analisada a proporção de espécies nas parcelas e entre os inventários. Constatou-se que para as espécies exóticas invasoras mais freqüentes, em ambos os inventários (Ligustrum lucidum e Melia azedarach), houve redução na quantidade de indivíduos. Entretanto, para Eriobotrya japonica, Hovenia  dulcis e Pittosporum undulatum as proporções de aumento foram respectivamente iguais a 70%, 1100% e 700%. Os valores do índice se Shannon-Wiener foram significativamente diferentes (p<0,01) para 12 parcelas e para o total amostrado. A remoção das espécies exóticas invasoras não alterou significativamente (p>0,01) o valor do índice para o ano de 2010, mas com a remoção das espécies exóticas as alterações se tornaram significativas (p<0,01) acarretando em menores valores do índice.

scholarly journals Mimosa scabrella BENTH. (FABACEAE) ENHANCES THE RESTORATION IN COAL MINING AREAS IN THE ATLANTIC RAINFOREST

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanilde Citadini-Zanette ◽  
Raquel R. B. Negrelle ◽  
Laurindo Salles Leal-Filho ◽  
Ronaldo Remor ◽  
Guilherme Alves Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Native Trees ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

ABSTRACT A Pilot Reclamation Project (PRP) was developed in 1982 by the Environmental Protection Agency of the State of Santa Catarina-Brazil, with the objective to evaluating the adaptation of woody species to a land degraded by coal mining. After a full topographic reconstitution of the landscape, addition of nutrient load and sowing of herbaceous species, the area was split into 12 plots in which seedlings of 12 tree species were planted: three native trees [Bastardiopsis densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Hassl., Mimosa scabrella Benth., Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake] and nine exotic species [Eucalyptus saligna Sm., E. viminalis Labill., E. citriodora Hook., Grevillea hilliana F.Muell., Hovenia dulcis Thunb, Melia azedarach L., Pinus elliottii Engelm., P. taeda L., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels]. After 22 years, from the beginning of the PRP, the exotic species presented higher percentage of survival than native species; the plots which received either B. densiflora and S. parahyba or were covered only with herbaceous vegetation associated with solely a few shrubs. Conversely, the plots which received seedlings of M. scabrella displayed clear evidence of restoration in progress. The study conducted in plots that have received M. scabrella indicate an improvement of nutrient load (N, K, organic matter) in the substrate, a diversified composition of tree coverage (very similar to the nearby remnants of the Atlantic Rainforest) and other life forms, with prominent establishment of native trees with predominance of zoophilous and zoochorous species. Some characteristics of M. scabrella that could explain its outstanding capacity to enhance the restoration of the Atlantic Rainforest are also discussed along this paper.

An eco-evolutionary rationale to distinguish alien and native status: why the dingo is a native species on mainland Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-366
Author(s):  
Peter B. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
The Status ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Native Status

Distinguishing between whether a species is alien or native can be problematic, especially for introduced species that are long-established in new areas outside of their natural range. Transport by humans is the criterion for alien status used by many definitions, whereas arbitrary time since arrival to a location is often used to define native status. Here I propose an eco-evolutionary approach to distinguish between alien and native status and use this to resolve uncertainty in the status of the dingo in Australia. Dingoes were transported to mainland Australia by humans, but more than 4000 years ago, and dingoes now interbreed with feral domestic dogs. Legally, this mix of events has the dingo classified as native in some jurisdictions and alien in others. I suggest that native status for introduced species should be based on (1) whether the species has evolved in their new environment; (2) whether local species recognise and respond to them as they do towards deep endemic native species, and; (3) whether their impacts benchmark against those of a native species or are exaggerated like those of other alien species. Dingoes are behaviourally, reproductively and morphologically different to close ancestors from south-east Asia, and this difference has a genetic basis indicative of evolution in Australia. There is abundant evidence that native prey species on mainland Australia recognise and respond to them as a dangerous predator, which they are. But there is strong evidence that dingo impacts on prey are not exaggerated, with effect sizes from mensurative experiments similar to those of experiments on native predators rather than alien predators. These three lines of evidence suggest dingoes should be considered native to mainland Australia. I suggest this eco-evolutionary approach to defining native status can be helpful in resolving the often-heated debates about when an alien species becomes native.

scholarly journals Propriedades de chapas de flocos fabricadas com adesivo de uréia-formaldeído e de taninos da casca de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden ou de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell.

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Benedito Rocha Vital ◽  
Alexandre Santos Pimenta ◽  
Ricardo Marius Della Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita

Os taninos foram extraídos da casca de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus pellita, com água quente, à qual se adicionaram 4,5% de sulfito de sódio, durante três horas. As temperaturas da solução foram iguais a 70 e 100 ºC para Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus pellita, respectivamente. Para a produção dos adesivos e com o intuito de reduzir a sua viscosidade, os taninos foram sulfitados com sulfito de sódio e ácido acético. Formulações adesivas foram preparadas adicionando-se 0, 25, 50, 75 ou 100% de adesivos tânicos ao adesivo comercial de uréia-formaldeído. Foram fabricadas chapas de flocos de Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Eucalyptus grandis, utilizando-se 8% da formulação adesiva. As propriedades das chapas foram determinadas segundo a norma ASTM D-1037, de 1993. Observou-se que as propriedades das chapas foram superiores ao mínimo estabelecido pela norma ANSI/A 280.1-93, exceto no caso da resistência à umidade. Verificou-se, ainda, que o emprego de uma formulação adesiva contendo resina à base de uréia-formaldeído e tanino-formaldeído pode melhorar algumas propriedades.

scholarly journals Adesivos à base de taninos das cascas de duas espécies de eucalipto para produção de chapas de flocos

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedito Rocha Vital ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Alexandre Santos Pimenta ◽  
Ricardo Marius Della Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita ◽  
Para Determinar

Os taninos foram extraídos das cascas de Eucalyptus grandisW. Hill ex Maiden e Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. com água quente e a adição de 4,5% de sulfito de sódio, durante três horas, nas temperaturas de 70 e 100 ºC, respectivamente. Para a produção dos adesivos, os taninos reagiram com ácido acético e sulfito de sódio, para a redução da viscosidade. Técnicas de DSC (calorimetria diferencial exploratória) foram utilizadas para determinar os parâmetros cinéticos dos adesivos. Foram produzidas, em laboratório, chapas de flocos de Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus elliottii, utilizando-se 8 e 10% de adesivo de tanino sulfitado e 8% de adesivo comercial de uréia-formaldeído. As propriedades das chapas foram determinadas segundo a norma ASTM D-1037 de 1993. As propriedades das chapas fabricadas apenas com adesivo à base de taninos foram superiores ao mínimo exigido pela norma comercial ANSI/A 208.1-93, com exceção daquelas relacionadas com umidade. As chapas produzidas com adesivos de taninos da casca de Eucalyptus grandis foram superiores àquelas fabricadas com adesivos de taninos da casca de Eucalyptus pellita.

scholarly journals Melliferous flora and pollen characterization of honey samples of Apis mellifera L., 1758 in apiaries in the counties of Ubiratã and Nova Aurora, PR

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETE S. SEKINE ◽  
VAGNER A.A. TOLEDO ◽  
MARCELO G. CAXAMBU ◽  
SUZANE CHMURA ◽  
ELIZA H. TAKASHIBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Analyses

The aim of this study was to carry out a survey of the flora with potential for beekeeping in the counties of Ubiratã and Nova Aurora-PR through the collection of plants and pollen analyses in honey samples collected monthly. 208 species of plants were recorded, distributed in 66 families. The families that showed the major richness of pollen types were: Asteraceae, Myrtaceae and Solanaceae. Approximately 80 pollen types were found in honey samples, most of them were characterized as heterofloral. Cultivated plants, such as Glycine max (soybean) and Eucalyptus spp., were representative in some months of the year. Exotic species, such as Ricinus communis and Melia azedarach, were also frequent. However, over than 50% of the pollen types belong to native species of the region, such as Schinus terebinthifolius, Baccharis spp. Alchornea triplinervia, Parapiptadenia rigida, Hexaclamys edulis, Zanthoxylum sp. and Serjania spp., indicating the importance of the native vegetation for the survival of the colonies.

scholarly journals Alien Species vs. Native Species: From Community Ecology to Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andersonn Silveira Prestes
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The establishment and spread of exotic species is a contemporary major concern. Alien species may become invasive in their new habitat, leading to both/either environmental and/or economic impacts. I briefly reviewed the literature in the last decade about the relationship of exotic species and native communities. I identified that professionals usually approach the subject in two main points of view: (1) researchers tend to point out the impacts of alien species on entire communities, evaluating if the relationship is positive, negative or neutral; (2) they focus on the eco-evolutionary processes involved in the introductions, the dynamics of invasion, and individual study cases. When evaluating the response of introductions to entire communities, evidence seems to be ambiguous and may support positive, negative or neutral relationship, especially depending on the scale approached. The unique eco-evolutionary pathways of each introduction may be a great shortcoming in the searching for generalities. On the other hand, advances have been made in understanding the dynamics of invasion on different lineages through a more selective/individualized approach. I suggest that the dynamics of invasion might be studied through a perspective in which different eco-evolutionary processes, levels of organization (from gene to entire communities), the history of the organism(s) and time are taken into account. Individual cases might be compared in attempt to understand how the relationship exotic and native works and in the search for generalities.

scholarly journals Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Peter Urban ◽  
Nuno Guimarães ◽  
Jozef Bučko
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
European Population ◽  
Golden Jackal ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Fast Adaptation ◽  
Natural Expansion ◽  
Fast Increase

AbstractThis summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species.

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