scholarly journals EVALUATION OF OPTIMAL ECOLOGICAL TOURISM ROUTES OBTAINED VIA GOOGLE EARTH SOFTWARE IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA

FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Araújo Júnior ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Santos Miranda ◽  
Thais Sales Gonçalves ◽  
Sthefany Mendes Zuba ◽  
Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽  
...  

Ecological tourism stands out as an economic activity that can be reconciled with nature conservation. Such activities have been carried out in several conservation units in Brazil. However, for satisfactory implementation, it is necessary to effectively plan the activities to be conducted, places to be visited, and paths to reach those places. In this context, we aimed to assess whether Google Earth software can assist in the expansion of the plan to use these areas for ecotourism, especially the routes that may be taken by tourists within the conservation unit. For this purpose, tourist interest sites were defined in the State Environmental Protection Area of Rio Pandeiros in the northern region of the state of Minas Gerais. The shortest routes between the pairs of locations obtained using Google Earth and QGIS software were evaluated. Additionally, it was necessary to perform vectorization and classification of all roads in the area. The lengths of the paths obtained were compared using a method identity test. The results showed that for most routes, Google Earth showed longer paths than QGIS. It can be concluded that for the purpose of ecotourism, precise planning should consider the vectorization of roads in areas with many rural roads.

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Pereira Lima ◽  
Carlos Alberto Algarves Peixoto Neto ◽  
Yuri Teixeira Amaral ◽  
Glécio Machado Siqueira

AbstractThis review aims to study the main aspects of Maranhense East Mesoregion Biogeography of the state portion has suffered socio-economic and cultural changes, besides environmental conflicts due to the advance of capitalist agriculture as soy and eucalyptus agribusiness. The Maranhense East Mesoregion is formed by the union of 44cities grouped into six microregions: Chapadinha, Coelho Neto, Baixo Parnaíba Maranhense, Chapada do Alto Itapecuru, Codó, and Caxias. Historically, this mesoregion had its occupation linked to peripheral areas to the large cotton plantations of the Itapecuru and cattle creation in Pastos Bons, in the XVII and XVIII century. The economy of this mesoregion is mainly based on Eucalyptus for pulp and paper, soybean, maize, and sugarcane. It must be emphasized that the introduction of the soybean, sugarcane, the expansion of eucalyptus and the charcoal production increased the pollution of the rivers and the destruction of native resources. The lack of inspection as to legal reserve areas in rural properties and the lack of conservation units in this region may be considered as aggravating in relation to the intense expansion of agricultural activities. The vegetation of the Maranhense East Mesoregion encompasses several formations, being basically characterized by the forests of babassu and the areas of cerrado latu senso, besides the small patches of Caatinga near the border with the state of Piaui and transitional formations. The climate is typical of tropical zones, predominantly As in the Parnaíba Delta region and the Aw throughout the rest of the mesoregion, with annual average temperatures between 24°C to 28°C and precipitation index with values between 1800mm to 1000mm. The studied mesoregion has only five Conservation Unit: Mirador State Park, Morros Garapenses State Environmental Protection Area, Parnaíba Delta Environmental Protection Area, Parnaíba Delta Marine Extractive Reserve, Chapada Limpa Extractive Reserve.Keywords: Maranhão geography. Environmental conservation. Socioeconomic aspects.CARACTERIZAÇÃO BIOGEOGRÁFICA DA MESORREGIÃO LESTE MARANHENSE (BRASIL)ResumoEsta revisão tem como objetivo estudar os principais aspectos da Biogeografia da Mesorregião Leste Maranhense, porção do estado que tem sofrido mudanças socioeconômicas e culturais, além de conflitos ambientaisdevido ao avanço da agricultura capitalista como o agronegócio da soja e eucalipto. A Mesorregião Leste Maranhense é formada pela união de 44 municípios agrupados em seis microrregiões: Chapadinha, Coelho Neto, Baixo Parnaíba Maranhense, Chapadas do Alto Itapecuru, Codó e Caxias. Historicamente, esta mesorregião teve sua ocupação ligada às áreas periféricas às grandes plantações de algodão do Itapecuru e criação de gados em Pastos Bons, no século XVII e XVIII. A economia desta mesorregião baseia-se principalmente no Eucalipto para a produção de celulose e papel, soja, milho e cana-de-açúcar. Deve-se ressaltar que a introdução da soja, da cana-de-açúcar, a expansão do eucalipto e a produção de carvão vegetal aumentaram a poluição dos rios e a destruição de recursos nativos. A falta de fiscalização quanto às áreas de reserva legal nas propriedades rurais e a falta de unidades de conservação nesta região, podem ser consideradas como agravantes em relação à expansão intensa das atividades agropecuárias. A cobertura vegetal da mesorregião Leste maranhense engloba várias formações, sendo basicamente caracterizada pelas florestas de babaçu e pelas áreas de cerrado lato senso, além das pequenas manchas de caatinga próximas à fronteira com o estado do Piauí e formações transicionais. O clima da região é característico das zonas tropicais, predominantemente As na região doDelta do Parnaíba e o Aw em todo o restante da mesorregião, com temperaturas médias anuais entre 24 °C até 28 °C e índices de precipitação pluviométrica com valores entre 1800 mm a 1000 mm. A mesorregião estudada apresenta apenas cinco Unidades de Conservação: Parque Estadual do Mirador, Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual dos Morros Garapenses, Área de Proteção Ambiental do Delta do Parnaíba, Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Delta do Parnaíba, Reserva Extrativista de Chapada Limpa.Palavras-chave: Geografia do Maranhão. Conservação ambiental. Aspectos socioeconômicos.


2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e20216125
Author(s):  
Glauco Cássio de Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Nathália Ribeiro Henriques ◽  
Mateus Aparecido Clemente ◽  
Marcos Magalhães de Souza

Conservation Units are an important tool for the Brazilian biota protection. However, various taxa, including the social wasps, are undersampled or are unknown in these areas. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the social wasp richness and distribution in the Conservation Units in Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. The social wasps were sampled between 2015 and 2019 in the Ritápolis National Forest (FLONA Ritápolis), in the Alto-Montana Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN Alto-Montana), in the Rio Machado Basin State Environmental Protection Area (APA Rio Machado) and in the Serra de São José Environmental Protection Area (APA Serra de São José), using two different sampling methodologies. Fourteen species were sampled for FLONA Ritápolis, 10 for RPPN Alto-Montana, 35 for APA Rio Machado and 19 for APA Serra de São José. Ninety-six social wasp species of the known richness in Minas Gerais were sampled in 14 Conservation Units, representing 90% of the fauna of the state. Thirty-four species are exclusive to these areas, with emphasis on the Rio Doce State Park, the Serra do Papagaio State Park, the Pandeiros River Wildlife Regufe and the APA Rio Machado. Most of the Conservation Units sampled are in the Atlantic Forest areas, but further efforts are needed in this biome, because of its accelerated destruction. There is still an urgent need for more studies in the Cerrado and Caatinga areas in the state, especially in Conservation Units.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2853-2863
Author(s):  
Edris Queiroz Lopes ◽  
Isabela Martins ◽  
Guilherme Miquelin ◽  
Luana Félix De Melo

O Notorynchus cepedianus pertencente à família Hexanchidae (cação-sete-guelras), é uma espécie de rara ocorrência e está distribuído nas zonas tropicais a temperadas dos três oceanos, comumente encontrado em águas costeiras, baías e estuários, presente de zero a 570 m, normalmente a 80 m de profundidade, e pode atingir três metros de comprimento total. O cação-bruxa está listado como Criticamente em Perigo pelo ICMBio e IUCN, apesar do cadastro na categoria DD (Dados Deficientes), por falta de informações. Existem registros anteriores de N. cepedianus no litoral paulista, o primeiro registro ocorreu com uma fêmea capturada na região de Cananéia (1968) e o segundo uma fêmea com embriões no litoral paulista (1999). O exemplar deste estudo foi capturado em rede-de-emalhe da pesca artesanal, a 10 km da costa de Peruíbe, em junho de 2016 e doado ao projeto SOS tubarões do Instituto de Biologia Marinha e Meio Ambiente - IBIMM, localizado no bairro do Guaraú, cidade de Peruíbe, litoral Sul de SP, sendo esse o primeiro registro de ocorrência desta espécie na região. O peixe foi identificado como fêmea cação-sete-guelras, Notorynchus cepedianus, com 80 cm de comprimento total e 1,8 kg. O animal apresentou no conteúdo estomacal dois otólitos de peixe ósseo, sendo que na literatura consta que a espécie possui hábito alimentar variado. Os juvenis se alimentam principalmente de teleósteos e com o crescimento à medida que se desenvolvem, modificam seu hábito alimentar tornando-os mais complexos, se alimentando basicamente de teleósteos, crustáceos, cefalópodes, lobos-marinhos, pequenos cetáceos, raias, quimeras e tubarões.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e54710817763
Author(s):  
Walmyr Alberto Costa Santos Junior ◽  
Christiane França Martins ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Picanço Souto

Inventories of Amazon invertebrates are relatively incipient and fragmented. The state of Amapá is one of the Amazonian states with a large knowledge gap regarding invertebrate biodiversity. Also, there is no record in the literature of systematic studies that focus mainly on the Acridofauna. Therefore the goal of this study was to understand the diversity and abundance of grasshoppers (Gomphocerinae) of the Environmental Protection Area of the Curiaú river, Macapá - AP. Twelve samples were collected from October 2011 to September 2012 using the active search technique with sweep nets. A total of 508 Gomphocerinae individuals were sampled and classified into five genera and twelve species. The floristic composition of sites A1 and A3, and sites A5 and A6, are considered more similar since the locusts are closely related to the vegetation. This is the first study assessing the diversity of orthopteroides in the state of Amapá. However, this pioneering study is expected to be the basis of future studies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 904-924
Author(s):  
Ivaniza Sales Batista ◽  
Zuleide Maria Carvalho Lima ◽  
Juliana Felipe Farias ◽  
Nadeline Hevelyn Lima Araújo ◽  
Erick Jordan Silva Gomes

Área da Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu (APAJ), localizada no Rio Grande do Norte (RN), trata-se de uma Unidade de Conservação (UC) enquadrada na categoria de uso sustentável, de modo a permitir o uso direto dos seus recursos e potencialidades. Este fator, corrobora no aumento da probabilidade de degradação dos seus ecossistemas, a depender das formas de ocupação do solo. Este artigo se objetiva caracterizar os aspectos físico-naturais da APAJ. A metodologia adotada baseou-se em pesquisas bibliográfica e de campo, assim como, produções cartográficas. Enquanto resultados, a APAJ é caracterizada pela diversidade dos seus aspectos físico-naturais, sobressaindo ecossistemas de praias, dunas, manguezal e tabuleiros. Portanto, salienta-se a importância desempenhada por uma gestão participativa (composta por gestores e comunidades locais), visando o equacionamento de conflitos e a proteção/conservação dos ecossistemas e biodiversidade local.Palavras chaves: Unidades de Conservação (UC's); Área da Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu (APAJ); Caracterização física.  ABSTRACTJenipabu Environmental Protection Area (APAJ), located in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), it is a Conservation Unit (UC) framed in the category of sustainable use, in order to allow the direct use of its resources and potentialities. This factor, corroborates in the increase in the probability of degradation of their ecosystems, depending on the forms of soil occupation. This article aims to characterize the physical-natural aspects of the APAJ. The methodology adopted was based on bibliographical and field research, as well as cartographic productions. As a result, the APAJ is characterized by the diversity of its physical and natural aspects, highlighting ecosystems of beaches, dunes, mangroves and trays. Therefore, the importance of participatory management (composed of local managers and communities), aiming at the equation of conflicts and the protection / conservation of ecosystems and local biodiversity.Keywords: Conservation Units (UC's) Jenipabu Environmental Protection Area (APAJ); Physical characterization. RESUMENEl Área de Protección Ambiental de Jenipabu (APAJ), ubicada en Rio Grande do Norte (RN), es una Unidad de Conservación (UC) clasificada en la categoría de uso sostenible, para permitir el uso directo de sus recursos ypotencialidades. Este factor corrobora la mayor probabilidad de degradación de sus ecosistemas, dependiendo de las formas de ocupación de la tierra. Este artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar los aspectos físico-naturales de APAJ. La metodología adoptada se basó en la investigación bibliográfica y de campo, así como en producciones cartográficas. Como resultado, APAJ se caracteriza por la diversidad de sus aspectos físicos y naturales, destacando los ecosistemas de playas, dunas, manglares y bandejas. Por lo tanto, se enfatiza la importancia del manejo participativo (compuesto por administradores y comunidades locales), con el objetivo de la resolución de conflictos y la protección / conservación de los ecosistemas y la biodiversidad local.Palabras clave: Unidades de Conservación (UC); Área de Protección Ambiental de Jenipabu (APAJ); Caracterización física


Author(s):  
Mirian Vizintim Fernandes BARROS ◽  
Akacia SCOMPARIM ◽  
Celso Satoshi KISHI ◽  
João Henrique CAVIGLIONE ◽  
Márcia Regina Lopes ARANTES ◽  
...  

Londrina é uma cidade de porte médio com grau de urbanização acentuado no contexto paranaense. Atualmente existem vários conflitos de ordem social e ambiental, como é o caso da ocupação irregular em fundos de vale, objeto de estudo deste trabalho. Foram utilizados dados cartográficos do Banco de Dados do SIG-Londrina, do grupo IMAP&P do Departamento de Geociências da UEL, os quais foram processados no SPRING. Os mapas derivados gerados foram os de restrição legal e de áreas de preservação ocupadas irregularmente. Os resultados apontam a existência de 21,36km² de área de preservação permanente, sendo que 5,42km² (25,4%) encontram-se com ocupação irregular. Identification of the irregular occupations in the bottom of valley in the city of Londrina, using the image landsat 7 Abstract Londrina is a medium size city, with a high urbanization stage for the state of Paraná context. Nowadays there are many social and environmental conflicts, the irregular occupation of margins of rivers (bottom of valley) studied in this paper is a typical example. Using the cartographic data of the database of SIG-Londrina, by IMAP&P group, in the Geosciences Department of UEL, the maps were processed by SPRING. Then maps of legal restriction and environmental protection areas with human occupation were generated. The results show the existence of 21,36km² of environmental protection area (area of permanent preservation), but 5,42km² (25,4%) of that area are irregularly occupied by urbanization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 101143
Author(s):  
Michele Fernandes ◽  
Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca ◽  
Leonardo da Silva Lima ◽  
Susanna Eleonora Sichel ◽  
Jessica de Freitas Delgado ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Paulino Costa ◽  
Messulan Rodrigues Meira ◽  
Silma Leite Rocha ◽  
Thaíse Ohana Moura Fernandes ◽  
Ernane Ronie Martins

ABSTRACT Dimorphandra mollis is native to the Brazilian Savanna and has social, economic and environmental importance. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and diametric distribution of Dimorphandra mollis Benth. in the Pandeiros River Environmental Protection Area, in Bonito de Minas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Five areas were assessed, totaling five hectares (50 plots of 1,000 m2). The total number of plants, yield per plant (2018, 2019 and 2020) and diameter at breast height were recorded, considering all trees from the plots in diametric classes. The average diameter at breast height of all plants was 6.05 ± 3.07 cm, and that of the plants that produced in at least one of the evaluated years was 7.46 ± 3.15 cm. The diametric distribution showed classes with no individuals, indicating imbalance, as well as a trend to inverted “J” shape. The maximum annual yield was 8.08 kg ha-1 of dry fruits (2019), the minimum 0.42 kg ha-1 (2018), and the average 2.74 kg ha-1, with biennial characteristic.


2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Cibele Rigolin Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
João Henrique de Souza Barros ◽  
Michel Constantino ◽  
Fernando Jorge Corrêa Magalhães Filho ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Reis Ferreira Lima ◽  
Jucivaldo Dias Lima ◽  
Soraia Dias Lima ◽  
Raullyan Borja Lima Silva ◽  
Gilda Vasconcellos de Andrade

Abstract Amphibian research has grown steadily in recent years in the Amazon region, especially in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, and Amapá, and neighboring areas of the Guiana Shield. Even so, few data are available for the Amazonian savannas of Brazil. To contribute to the understanding of the diversity of the amphibians of these savannas, we surveyed 15 temporary ponds, six located in open areas, seven on the edge of savanna forest, and two within the forest, in the savanna of the Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area (EPA) in Macapá, in the state of Amapá, northern Brazil. Sampling occurred from May 2013 to August 2014 during periods when the ponds contained water. Amphibians were sampled through visual and auditory surveys conducted during both the day- and the nighttime periods on seven days each month over a total of 84 days. A total of 1574 individuals belonging to four families, 12 genera, and 28 species were recorded during the surveys. The cumulative species curve reached the asymptote, indicating that sampling effort was adequate. The number of species was 25% higher than that reported in other studies in Amazonian savannas. Twelve species were recorded for the first time in the savanna of Amapá. Lysapsus boliviana was the most common species (n = 332 of the individuals recorded). The greatest amphibian species richness found in the Rio Curiaú EPA was associated with the savanna mosaic, forest patches, lowland swamp, and temporary ponds. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the diversity of amphibian species in the Guianan area of endemism in northern Brazil, and also the Amazonian savannas.


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