scholarly journals Studying the Tailgating Issues and Exploring Potential Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Song ◽  
Jyh-Hone Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Surveillance Videos ◽  
Dynamic Message Signs ◽  
Message Signs ◽  
Made In

A human factors study consisting of a vehicle headway analysis and a questionnaire survey was conducted in Rhode Island (RI) to investigate tailgating issues and possible means for tailgating treatment. Vehicle headways were collected from highway surveillance videos and serious tailgating issues were identified on RI highways. The results of the questionnaire survey further confirmed the observations made in the vehicle headway analysis that most RI drivers maintained insufficient vehicle headways on highways. Among a few tailgating treatments presented in the survey, most subjects preferred a system consisting of equally spaced, white horizontal bars marked on pavement and overhead graphic-aided dynamic message signs.

Human Factors Engineering Planning Aid

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-352
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Merriman
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Planning Time ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Engineering Program ◽  
System Acquisition ◽  
The Military ◽  
Made In

This paper describes the application of affordable program management software to the task of planning human factors programs conducted in support of complex system developments. A model of the military system acquisition process was developed and a model human factors engineering program was overlayed upon it. Interdependencies were created between the models so that changes made in the acquisition schedule would cause the human factors program to be automatically tailored. This approach has potential to reduce planning time and increase the quality of human factors plans.

Report on the Survey of the Society’s Membership

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-343
Author(s):  
Richard W. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Executive Council ◽  
American Society ◽  
Made In

At the direction of the Executive Council of the American Society of International Law, a questionnaire survey of the membership was made in the Spring of 1969. This report summarizes the information and data received in 2,492 questionnaires returned. Over 55% of the Society’s members responded to the survey.

The Bed and Its Human Factors Aspects

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Edmond W. Israelski
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence

Activities performed requiring the use of the bed were investigated where their frequency of occurrence and their potential for physical stress of the bed were analyzed. A total of 35 bed related activities, in addition to sleeping, were reported through the use of a questionnaire survey of 92 middle class adults. Implications for bed design criteria are discussed.

Does Displaying Safety Messages on Dynamic Message Signs have Measurable Impacts on Crash Risk?

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110444
Author(s):  
Megat-Usamah Megat-Johari ◽  
Nusayba Megat-Johari ◽  
Peter T. Savolainen ◽  
Timothy J. Gates ◽  
Eva Kassens-Noor
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Dynamic Message Signs ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
Message Signs

Transportation agencies have increasingly been using dynamic message signs (DMS) to communicate safety messages in an effort to both increase awareness of important safety issues and to influence driver behavior. Despite their widespread use, evaluations as to potential impacts on driver behavior, and the resultant impacts on traffic crashes, have been very limited. This study addresses this gap in the extant literature and assesses the relationship between traffic crashes and the frequency with which various types of safety messages are displayed. Safety message data were collected from a total of 202 DMS on freeways across the state of Michigan between 2014 and 2018. These data were integrated with traffic volume, roadway geometry, and crash data for segments that were located downstream of each DMS. A series of random parameters negative binomial models were estimated to examine total, speeding-related, and nighttime crashes based on historical messaging data while controlling for other site-specific factors. The results did not show any significant differences with respect to total crashes. Marginal declines in nighttime crashes were observed at locations with more frequent messages related to impaired driving, though these differences were also not statistically significant. Finally, speeding-related crashes were significantly less frequent near DMS that showed higher numbers of messages related to speeding or tailgating. Important issues are highlighted with respect to methodological concerns that arise in the analysis of such data. Field research is warranted to investigate potential impacts on driving behavior at the level of individual drivers.

scholarly journals Aroma marketing as a tool to increase turnover in a chosen business entity

10.5219/1475 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1161-1175
Author(s):  
Jakub Berčí­k ◽  
Roderik Virágh ◽  
Zdenka Kádeková ◽  
Tatiana Duchoňová
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Business Operation ◽  
Sensory Marketing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Survey Comparison ◽  
Made In

The paper deals with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of aroma marketing describing a few possibilities of using aromatization in practice. Nowadays, many sophisticated tools are used in marketing and consumer behavior, such as sensory marketing and sensory perception. The following is the term of marketing communication and its division into the above-the-line and below-the-line communication, sales promotion, and in-store communication. The paper also focused on the new trends in the place of sale and aroma marketing. The subject of the practical part is the use of the aroma in the food store. An important part consists of a characteristic of the alliance, questionnaire survey, comparison of achieved sales volume and sales before placing the aroma diffuser, and while it was placed in the grocery store. The article aims to find out how the coffee aroma in the store influenced consumer decision-making and stimulated them to impulsive purchase and consequent influence on the company turnover. Concerning the results of our observation and questionnaire survey, we formulate suggestions and recommendations for the business operation and practice. The whole research was made in the grocery store “Môj obchod”.

scholarly journals Examining the Quasi-Public Spaces in Commercial Complexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1830
Author(s):  
Noman Sahito ◽  
Haoying Han ◽  
Thuy Van Thi Nguyen ◽  
Insin Kim ◽  
Jinsoo Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Western City ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Made In

Commercial complexes are steadily expanding in size and function and plying roles as quasi-public spaces. This study investigated quasi-public spaces in contemporary commercial complexes by posting two questions: the physical features of quasi-public spaces in commercial complexes and how these characteristics promote sociability in commercial complexes? To answers these questions, a questionnaire survey was administered, and various observations were made in Intime City, Wanda Plaza and Western City Square, three prominent commercial complexes in Hangzhou City (Zhejiang Province, China), to enrich the analysis. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the collected data. The results show that commercial complexes are also used as quasi-public spaces: they provide a more secure and well-maintained environment, playful conversations take place freely and democratically, promote socialization, and also increase consumption. In the existing literature, there is a dearth of theoretical and empirical studies on the emergence of quasi-public spaces.

scholarly journals Cross-Vendor and Cross-State Analysis of GPS Probe Data Latency

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (42) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxiang Wang ◽  
Masoud Hamedi ◽  
Elham Sharifi ◽  
Stanley Young
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Incident Detection ◽  
Dynamic Message Signs ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Outsourced Data ◽  
Message Signs

Crowd sourced GPS probe data have become a major source of real-time traffic information applications. In addition to traditional traveler advisory systems such as dynamic message signs (DMS) and 511 systems, probe data are being used for automatic incident detection, integrated corridor management (ICM), end of queue warning systems, and mobility-related smartphone applications. Several private sector vendors offer minute by minute network-wide travel time and speed probe data. The quality of such data in terms of deviation of the reported travel time and speeds from ground-truth has been extensively studied in recent years, and as a result concerns over the accuracy of probe data have mostly faded away. However, the latency of probe data—defined as the lag between the time at which disturbance in traffic speed is reported in the outsourced data feed, and the time at which the traffic is perturbed—has become a subject of interest. The extent of latency of probe data for real-time applications is critical, so it is important to have a good understanding of the amount of latency and its influencing factors. This paper uses high-quality independent Bluetooth/Wi-Fi re-identification data collected on multiple freeway segments in three different states, to measure the latency of the vehicle probe data provided by three major vendors. The statistical distribution of the latency and its sensitivity to speed slowdown and recovery periods are discussed.

scholarly journals Research on the Relationship between Dynamic Message Sign Control Strategies and Driving Safety in Freeway Work Zones

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiang Xu ◽  
Xiaohua Zhao ◽  
Yufei Chen ◽  
Yang Bian ◽  
Haijian Li
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Dynamic Message Signs ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Message Signs

Several studies have researched the effect of dynamic message signs (DMSs) on the driving safety in work zones. However, only a few studies have examined the design of DMS control strategies in work zones. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DMS control strategies on driving decisions and behaviors and to improve the driving safety in work zones by changing the content and placement of DMSs. In this study, five control strategies are proposed by combining five DMSs with different contents (“change lane” versus “go straight”). A total of 32 participants participated in this study. Each participant drove in five scenarios in a high-fidelity driving simulator corresponding to strategies 1-5. The results show that the control strategies have a significant effect on drivers’ decisions and behavior (e.g., the driving speed, acceleration, and lateral placement). All strategies reduce the drivers’ speeds and improve their control stability and compliance. After conducting analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis, strategy 2 was removed because the approaching speed exceeded the speed limit. The weight vectors of strategies 1, 3, 4, and 5 under free-flow traffic and traffic jam conditions are Ƴfree-flow  traffic=0.25,0.28,0.17,0.23 and Ƴtraffic  jam=[0.17,0.28,0.2,0.3], respectively. These results show that strategy 4 is not suitable for free-flow traffic in work zones, while strategies 5 and 3 are suitable for traffic jams in work zones. Strategy  3 is suitable for both free-flow traffic and traffic jams. The first occurrence of a decision sign that contains lane change content is key to the driver’s decision; in addition, the position of signage with such information should gradually be moved closer to work zones with increasing traffic flow.

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