Enhancing Route lifetime in Vehicular Ad Hoc ‎Networks Based on Skellam Distribution Model

The emergence of smart cities and the need to use intelligent transportation systems has led to an increased reliance on vehicle ad hoc networks (VANET). The topology of VANET is highly dynamic, which results in a short effective routing time. This paper presents a two-stage algorithm to select a route that can sustain communication between vehicles for as long as possible while taking into account the variables that affect the VANET topology. The first stage uses Skellam distribution model to assess the connectivity probability of paths in ‎a 2d road network based on traffic-flow and the number of vehicles ‎joining and leaving the ‎network, accordingly, the path with the highest connectivity is chosen. In the second stage, the control packets sent only to vehicles on the selected path to detect routes between source and destination, thus reducing the overhead of control packets and increasing network stability. ‎ the algorithm adopts the principle of global evaluation to ‎estimate the lifetime ‎of the ‎detected ‎routes within the chosen path. ‎the route with the ‎best estimated ‎lifetime ‎is ‎chosen to be ‎the active route. ‎in the event of route failure, the validity of the next route in lifetime is confirmed to be adopted as the alternate route. The proposed algorithm was compared with both on-‎demand distance ‎vector routing protocol (AODV) protocol and the modified location-aided routing ‎‎(LAR) ‎protocol. The proposed algorithm showed greater network stability, higher performance in terms of longer lifetime route detection, less energy consumption and higher throughput.

Download Full-text

A fuzzy-based approach for resource management in SDN-VANETs: Effect of trustworthiness on assessment of available edge computing resources

Journal of High Speed Networks ◽

10.3233/jhs-210650 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Ermioni Qafzezi ◽

Kevin Bylykbashi ◽

Phudit Ampririt ◽

Makoto Ikeda ◽

Keita Matsuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Distributed Processing ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Edge Computing ◽

Processing Capability ◽

Hoc Networks ◽

Available Resources

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) aim to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation systems by enabling communication between vehicles and roadside units, without relying on a central infrastructure. However, since there is a tremendous amount of data and significant number of resources to be dealt with, data and resource management become their major issues. Cloud, Fog and Edge computing, together with Software Defined Networking (SDN) are anticipated to provide flexibility, scalability and intelligence in VANETs while leveraging distributed processing environment. In this paper, we consider this architecture and implement and compare two Fuzzy-based Systems for Assessment of Neighboring Vehicles Processing Capability (FS-ANVPC1 and FS-ANVPC2) to determine the processing capability of neighboring vehicles in Software Defined Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (SDN-VANETs). The computational, networking and storage resources of vehicles comprise the Edge Computing resources in a layered Cloud-Fog-Edge architecture. A vehicle which needs additional resources to complete certain tasks and process various data can use the resources of the neighboring vehicles if the requirements to realize such operations are fulfilled. The proposed systems are used to assess the processing capability of each neighboring vehicle and based on the final value, it can be determined whether the edge layer can be used by the vehicles in need. FS-ANVPC1 takes into consideration the available resources of the neighboring vehicles and the predicted contact duration between them and the present vehicle, while FS-ANVPC2 includes in addition the vehicles trustworthiness value. Our systems take also into account the neighboring vehicles’ willingness to share their resources and determine the processing capability for each neighbor. We evaluate the proposed systems by computer simulations. The evaluation results show that FS-ANVPC1 decides that helpful neighboring vehicles are the ones that are predicted to be within the vehicle communication range for a while and have medium/large amount of available resources. FS-ANVPC2 considers the same neighboring vehicles as helpful neighbors only if they have at least a moderate trustworthiness value ( VT = 0.5). When VT is higher, FS-ANVPC2 takes into consideration also neighbors with less available resources.

Download Full-text

A Comprehensive Survey of the Key Technologies and Challenges Surrounding Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology ◽

10.1145/3451984 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Zhenchang Xia ◽

Jia Wu ◽

Libing Wu ◽

Yanjiao Chen ◽

Jian Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Intelligent Transportation ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Key Technologies ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Hoc Networks ◽

Graph Neural Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks ( VANETs ) and the services they support are an essential part of intelligent transportation. Through physical technologies, applications, protocols, and standards, they help to ensure traffic moves efficiently and vehicles operate safely. This article surveys the current state of play in VANETs development. The summarized and classified include the key technologies critical to the field, the resource-management and safety applications needed for smooth operations, the communications and data transmission protocols that support networking, and the theoretical and environmental constructs underpinning research and development, such as graph neural networks and the Internet of Things. Additionally, we identify and discuss several challenges facing VANETs, including poor safety, poor reliability, non-uniform standards, and low intelligence levels. Finally, we touch on hot technologies and techniques, such as reinforcement learning and 5G communications, to provide an outlook for the future of intelligent transportation systems.

Download Full-text

Intrusion Detection in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks on Lower Layers

Transportation Systems and Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8473-7.ch010 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 192-220

Author(s):

Chong Han ◽

Sami Muhaidat ◽

Ibrahim Abualhaol ◽

Mehrdad Dianati ◽

Rahim Tafazolli

Keyword(s):

Intrusion Detection ◽

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Channel Errors ◽

Major Attention ◽

Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are a critical component of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which involve the applications of advanced information processing, communications, sensing, and controlling technologies in an integrated manner to improve the functionality and the safety of transportation systems, providing drivers with timely information on road and traffic conditions, and achieving smooth traffic flow on the roads. Recently, the security of VANETs has attracted major attention for the possible presence of malicious elements, and the presence of altered messages due to channel errors in transmissions. In order to provide reliable and secure communications, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) can serve as a second defense wall after prevention-based approaches, such as encryption. This chapter first presents the state-of-the-art literature on intrusion detection in VANETs. Next, the detection of illicit wireless transmissions from the physical layer perspective is investigated, assuming the presence of regular ongoing legitimate transmissions. Finally, a novel cooperative intrusion detection scheme from the MAC sub-layer perspective is discussed.

Download Full-text

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks for Smart Cities

10.1007/978-981-10-3503-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Hoc Networks

Download Full-text

A Novel, Broadcasting-Based Algorithm For Vehicle Speed Estimation In Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Ad-hoc Networks

ECMS 2013 Proceedings edited by: Webjorn Rekdalsbakken, Robin T. Bye, Houxiang Zhang ◽

10.7148/2013-0650 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Boyan Petrov ◽

Evtim Peytchev

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Intelligent Transportation ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Speed Estimation ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

Hoc Networks

Download Full-text

Clustering, Connectivity, and Monitoring Challenges in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Advances in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-913-2.ch013 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 257-281

Author(s):

Ameneh Daeinabi ◽

Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Large Scale ◽

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Clustering Algorithms ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

High Rate ◽

Efficient Resource ◽

Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are appropriate networks that can be applied for intelligent transportation systems. Three important challenges in VANETs are studied in this chapter. The first challenge is to defend against attackers. Because of the lack of a coordination unit in a VANET, vehicles should cooperate together and monitor each other in order to enhance security performance of the VANET. As the second challenge in VANETs, scalability is a critical issue for a network designer. Clustering is one solution for the scalability problem and is vital for efficient resource consumption and load balancing in large scale VANETs. On the other hand, due to the high-rate topology changes and high variability in vehicles density, transmission range of a vehicle is an important issue for forwarding and receiving messages. In this chapter, we study the clustering algorithms, the solutions appropriate to increase connectivity, and the algorithms that can detect attackers in a VANET.

Download Full-text

An Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering ◽

10.30534/ijatcse/2021/011012021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc ◽

Hoc Networks

In recent time, with the fast development of the mobile system, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) have been fucus studied and applied in many areas such as rescue, military, medical applications and smart cities. Due to the characteristics of MANETs, routing protocols must be designed to be flexible, energy-efficient and highly performance achievable. Increasing network lifetime by reducing energy consumption level is a major method in the design of saving energy routing protocols in MANETs. In this study, we propose an improved routing protocol from AODV with a new cost function, applied to MANETs. The simulation results show, our proposed protocol saves energy consumption, increases network life, packet delivery rates, and improves performance over AODV

Download Full-text