Foremost Musician and Engaged Citizen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Black Church ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Race Riots ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
Eastern Seaboard

This chapter examines how Harry T. Burleigh came to represent African Americans as their premiere baritone and leading composer while also establishing a reputation as an engaged citizen in the first decades of the twentieth century. It first considers Burleigh's active participation in the life of the black community in New York and other cities on the eastern seaboard, lending the weight of his renown to benefit numerous social and educational causes, including efforts to improve the health and general welfare of African Americans. It then discusses Burleigh's connection with the city's black church community, including St. Philip's Episcopal Church and other Episcopal congregations, along with his relationships with Booker T. Washington, Afro-British composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, and W. E. B. Du Bois. The chapter also describes Burleigh's position regarding the lynchings and race riots in various parts of the country.

RACIALIZED CRIME CONTROL AND SOCIETAL EXCLUSION

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Geoff K. Ward
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Colored People

In 1930, W. E. B. Du Bois warned of an approaching backlash of racialized crime control and the two-pronged threat this posed to Black civil society. These were not altogether new threats—American criminal law and crime control practices had always been mechanisms of racialized societal exclusion—but Du Bois anticipated unprecedented levels of Black criminalization and incarceration in the second half of the twentieth century, and some of the collateral damage that would ensue. Du Bois's (1930) warning focused on juvenile crime and justice, “a problem which one can easily see among the better colored people of New York and Philadelphia, of Indianapolis and Chicago, of Pittsburgh and Baltimore, and all of our major cities” (p. 352). Du Bois (1916) had long been concerned with issues of child development and youth justice, since the fate of the “immortal child” inevitably defined the prospects and conditions of the race (Diggs 1976).

Violence on Two Fronts

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
James G. Mendez
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
York City ◽  
African American Family ◽  
American Family ◽  
Race Riots ◽  
The North ◽  
War Effort

Black troops and their families suffered from several kinds of violence inflicted on them alone. The rebels had a habit of killing black troops after they had surrendered or been captured. Yet, black troops continued to join the army and support the Union cause in spite of this risk; they fought harder in combat. In addition African-American family members in the North faced violence themselves at home. But, in their case, their assailants were white northerners, such as in the 1863 race riots in Detroit on March 6th and the three-day riots in New York City on July 13th–16th. Blacks were killed and wounded in both riots, and their property was destroyed. Even with the threat of violence against them in the North as well as the South, northern blacks continued to enlist and support the Union war effort. African Americans remained loyal to the Union and to the cause.

Constructing Identity in Seneca Village

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Diana Dizerega Wall ◽  
Nan A. Rothschild ◽  
Meredith B. Linn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Black Community ◽  
York City ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Central Park ◽  
The City

This chapter explores the issue of identity in Seneca Village, a nineteenth-century, middle-class, black community located in what is now Central Park in New York City. The city evicted the residents in 1857, and until recently this important village was forgotten. Using information from historical documents and material culture (including landscaping and both the form and decoration of dishes) excavated from the site in 2011, this study examines the intersection of class, race, and nationality. The evidence suggests that the identity of at least one family there was made of many strands: they may have identified themselves as members of the black middle class, as Americans, as African Americans, and perhaps even as Africans, depending on the situation and the audience. Skillful use of these strands may have been one way in which this and other village families attempted to ameliorate oppression and to make a place for themselves.

The Harlem Renaissance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrina Hill ◽  
Sophie Meridien ◽  
Keith Holt ◽  
Daniel Boyle ◽  
Paul Ardoin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Harlem Renaissance ◽  
African American Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Breaking Work ◽  
The Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance was a flourishing of artistic, intellectual, musical, and literary accomplishments by African Americans between the World Wars. The movement took its name from Harlem, a neighborhood on the northern section of Manhattan Island. Harlem became the de facto center of the African American community in New York City, and many of the most important figures of the Renaissance called it home. During the Renaissance, intellectuals published ground-breaking work that explored philosophical questions and political possibilities for African Americans that would be explored throughout the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Du Bois and Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Juliana Góes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black People ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Racial Democracy ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Transnational Solidarity

Abstract In this article, I discuss Black transnational solidarity and liberation in the Americas by analyzing the historical relationship between W. E. B. Du Bois and Brazil from 1900 to 1940. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Du Bois was studying, writing, and publishing about Brazil. He was interested in creating international solidarity and cooperation among Black people. However, Du Bois (as well as other African Americans) promoted the idea that Brazil was a place without racism, a racial paradise. This idea served as a basis for a theory that oppressed Afro-Brazilians—the myth of racial democracy. In this article, I explore Du Bois’s relationship with Brazil, highlighting possible reasons why Du Bois engaged with the myth of racial democracy. In addition, I argue that this historical event teaches us that an Afro-diasporic liberation project must seriously consider global and material inequalities among Black people.

4. 1863

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-83
Author(s):  
Louis P. Masur
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Declaration Of Independence ◽  
Black Soldiers ◽  
Emancipation Proclamation

“1863” begins with Lincoln’s signing of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1 . Authorizing the enlistment of black soldiers, the proclamation helped change the Union’s fortunes and those of African Americans. Confederate forces faced heavy losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg. In New York, riots related to conscription erupted, with much of the violence directed against the black community. In his address at Gettysburg, Lincoln invoked the Declaration of Independence and started looking beyond the war to the terms of reconstruction. However, with an election on the horizon, the country remained divided.

scholarly journals Leadership elitism – idealism vs. Realism

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
First Century ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Current Leadership ◽  
Successful Leaders ◽  
Twenty First Century

Philosophies of leadership have tended to express and support idealistic or realistic approaches to leadership. Leadership elitism maintains essentially that successful leaders must know and do what is best for their followers, because their followers are not capable of knowing and doing what is best for themselves. This essay offers descriptions of the contrasting traits of leadership idealism and realism, both of which explain elitism as a common trait of idealism. These descriptions are exemplified with an overview of some past and current leadership philosophies, and then with an in-depth analysis of the early twentieth-century views of the African-Americans thinkers W.E.B. Du Bois (idealist) and Booker T. Washington (realist). Some remarks on where leadership philosophy is and could be in the twenty-first century conclude the essay.

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