Violence on Two Fronts

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
James G. Mendez
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
York City ◽  
African American Family ◽  
American Family ◽  
Race Riots ◽  
The North ◽  
War Effort

Black troops and their families suffered from several kinds of violence inflicted on them alone. The rebels had a habit of killing black troops after they had surrendered or been captured. Yet, black troops continued to join the army and support the Union cause in spite of this risk; they fought harder in combat. In addition African-American family members in the North faced violence themselves at home. But, in their case, their assailants were white northerners, such as in the 1863 race riots in Detroit on March 6th and the three-day riots in New York City on July 13th–16th. Blacks were killed and wounded in both riots, and their property was destroyed. Even with the threat of violence against them in the North as well as the South, northern blacks continued to enlist and support the Union war effort. African Americans remained loyal to the Union and to the cause.

Abstract P063: Afro Caribbeans With Type 2 Diabetes Have Lower Body Mass Index And Lower Waist Circumference Than African Americans: New York City Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2013/14

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Farag ◽  
Faustine Williams ◽  
Margrethe F Horlyck-Romanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
York City ◽  
Diabetes Risk

African descent populations are experiencing a disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes. In New York City, almost one third of the Black population are foreign-born Afro-Caribbeans and two thirds are African American. We compared type 2 diabetes risk profiles and disease burden among foreign-born Afro-Caribbean and US-born African American New Yorkers by estimating: a) Prevalence of type 2 diabetes; b) Type 2 diabetes risk profile by ethnicity and c) Odds of type 2 diabetes. Using the 2013/14 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey probability sample weighted to the New York City population, we analyzed data for Afro-Caribbean (n=81) and African American (n=118) participants. Type 2 diabetes was defined as prior diagnosis; or HbA1c≥6.5%; or fasting glucose ≥126mg/dL. Logistic regression estimated odds of type 2 diabetes by BMI category, waist circumference (cm), and physical activity; adjusting for age, sex, education, income, and marital status. Among Afro-Caribbeans (Age (Mean ±SE) 49±2years, BMI 29.2 ±0.7kg/m 2 ) and African Americans (Age 46±2years, BMI 30.3 ±0.9kg/m 2 ) type 2 diabetes prevalence was 31% (25 of 81) and 21% (25 of 118) respectively. Compared to African Americans with type 2 diabetes, Afro-Caribbeans with type 2 diabetes had lower mean BMI (29.9 ±0.8kg/m 2 vs. 34.6 ±1.78kg/m 2 , P =0.01), and lower waist circumference (102 ±2cm vs. 114 ±3cm, P =0.0015). Afro-Caribbeans with type 2 diabetes were more likely to be overweight (57.2% vs. 13.5%) rather than obese (33.2% vs. 74.7%), yet less likely to meet HP2010 physical activity goals (23.6% vs 35.3%). Overall type 2 diabetes odds were no different between groups. In the total population odds were 5% higher for each cm waist circumference [aOR=1.05 (95% CI 1.01-1.10), P =0.0194]. Compared to the youngest age group, ages 20-49y, type 2 diabetes odds were higher among ages 50-59y [aOR=7.12 (95% CI 2.29-22.14)], and ages 60+ [aOR=5.04 (95% CI 1.65-15.39), P =0.0482]. In stratified logistic regression analyses among Afro-Caribbean New Yorkers, odds were 18% greater per cm waist circumference [aOR=1.18 (95% CI 1.03-1.35), P =0.0194]. For Afro-Caribbeans, low physical activity was associated with seven times greater odds of type 2 diabetes [aOR=7.03 (95% CI 1.19-41.53), P =0.0314]. Compared to African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have lower waist circumference and be overweight rather than obese despite reporting less physical activity. Further examination of the relationship between BMI, waist circumference and visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue may elucidate important intraethnic differences in diabetes risk. To enhance detection of diabetes among Afro-Caribbeans and African Americans in New York City, screening criteria should consider unique diabetes phenotypes.

Burleigh at the National Conservatory of Music

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Music Education ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Music Students

This chapter focuses on Harry T. Burleigh's study at the National Conservatory of Music in New York City. It begins with a background on the National Conservatory of Music, founded by music philanthropist Jeannette Thurber. Her school became a magnet for talented music students from across the nation. Its faculty included some of the most renowned musicians in the United States and Europe, and it modeled principles for postsecondary music education that attracted Harry, particularly the openness to African Americans as well as women and handicapped students. The chapter also discusses the difficulty experienced by Burleigh before he won a four-year tuition scholarship for the Artist's Course at the National Conservatory of Music. Finally, it considers the influence of African American soprano Sissieretta Jones on Burleigh's early recital career.

Channelling the dead: A conversation on Desdemona with Tina Benko

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Rapetti
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African American ◽  
Toni Morrison ◽  
York City ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
American Theatre ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Character Building

Tina Benko is an American stage, screen and television actress who has steadily trodden the Broadway boards for twenty years while starring in films and TV series and teaching acting and movement in New York City. An intensely focused and versatile performer, Benko has played in a broad variety of genres, ranging from screwball and Shakespearean comedies to realistic Russian, Scandinavian and American plays. In this interview, she discusses the factors that attracted her to drama and theatre, her acting training and approach to character-building, and theatre as a space for healing and reconciliation as she experienced it while working in Desdemona (2012), a cross-cultural theatre adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Othello staged by American theatre and opera director Peter Sellars, with texts by African American Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison, and music and lyrics by Malian singer-songwriter Rokia Traoré.

scholarly journals Biblical Echoes and Communal Home in Jesmyn Ward's Salvage the Bones

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Vicent Cucarella-Ramon
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
African American Family ◽  
The Novel ◽  
American Family ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
National Space ◽  
Familial Bonds ◽  
Communal Healing

Jesmyn Ward’s second novel, Salvage the Bones (2011), offers a literary account of an African American family in dire poverty struggling to weather the horrors of Hurricane Katrina on the outskirts of Bois Sauvage, Mississippi. This article focuses on the novel’s ‘ideology of form’, which is premised on biblical models of narration —grounded on a literary transposition of The Book of Deuteronomy— that serves to portray the victimization of African Americans in mythical tones to evoke the country’s failed covenant between God and his chosen people. It also brings into focus the affective bonds of unity and communal healing relying on the idiosyncratic tenet of home understood as national space— following Winthrop’s foundational ideology. As I will argue, the novel contends that the revamped concept of communal home and familial bonds —echoing Winthrop’s emblem of national belonging— recasts the trope of biblical refuge as a potential tenet to foster selfassertion and to rethink the limits of belonging and acceptance.

scholarly journals Modeling ozone plumes observed downwind of New York City over the North Atlantic Ocean during the ICARTT field campaign

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 7375-7397 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-H. Lee ◽  
S.-W. Kim ◽  
M. Trainer ◽  
G. J. Frost ◽  
S. A. McKeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
York City ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Urban Plumes

Abstract. Transport and chemical transformation of well-defined New York City (NYC) urban plumes over the North Atlantic Ocean were studied using aircraft measurements collected on 20–21 July 2004 during the ICARTT (International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation) field campaign and WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry) model simulations. The strong NYC urban plumes were characterized by carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios of 350–400 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and ozone (O3) levels of about 100 ppbv near New York City on 20 July in the WP-3D in-situ and DC-3 lidar aircraft measurements. On 21 July, the two aircraft captured strong urban plumes with about 350 ppbv CO and over 150 ppbv O3 (~160 ppbv maximum) about 600 km downwind of NYC over the North Atlantic Ocean. The measured urban plumes extended vertically up to about 2 km near New York City, but shrank to 1–1.5 km over the stable marine boundary layer (MBL) over the North Atlantic Ocean. The WRF-Chem model reproduced ozone formation processes, chemical characteristics, and meteorology of the measured urban plumes near New York City (20 July) and in the far downwind region over the North Atlantic Ocean (21 July). The quasi-Lagrangian analysis of transport and chemical transformation of the simulated NYC urban plumes using WRF-Chem results showed that the pollutants can be efficiently transported in (isentropic) layers in the lower atmosphere (<2–3 km) over the North Atlantic Ocean while maintaining a dynamic vertical decoupling by cessation of turbulence in the stable MBL. The O3 mixing ratio in the NYC urban plumes remained at 80–90 ppbv during nocturnal transport over the stable MBL, then grew to over 100 ppbv by daytime oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) with mixing ratios on the order of 1 ppbv. Efficient transport of reactive nitrogen species (NOy), specifically nitric acid (HNO3), was confirmed through the comparison of the CO/NOy ratio in photochemically fresh and aged NYC plumes, implying the possibility of long-range transport of O3 over the stable MBL over the North Atlantic Ocean in association with NOx regeneration mechanism. The impact of chemical initial and boundary conditions (IC/BCs) on modelled O3 urban plumes was investigated in terms of the background O3 level and the vertical structure of the urban plumes. Simulations with dynamic ("time-variant") chemical IC/BCs enhanced the O3 level by 2–12 ppbv on average in the atmospheric layer below 3 km, showing better agreement with the observed NYC plumes and biomass-burning plumes than the simulation with prescribed static IC/BCs. The simulation including MOZART-4 chemical IC/BCs and Alaskan/Canadian wildfire emissions compared better to the observed O3 profiles in the upper atmospheric layer (>~3 km) than models that only accounted for North American anthropogenic/biogenic and wildfire contributions to background ozone. The comparison between models and observations show that chemical IC/BCs must be properly specified to achieve accurate model results.

Black Gotham: African Americans in New York City, 1900–2000

Identities ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-384
Author(s):  
Robert L. Adams
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African Americans ◽  
York City
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