scholarly journals Du Bois and Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Juliana Góes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black People ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Racial Democracy ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Transnational Solidarity

Abstract In this article, I discuss Black transnational solidarity and liberation in the Americas by analyzing the historical relationship between W. E. B. Du Bois and Brazil from 1900 to 1940. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Du Bois was studying, writing, and publishing about Brazil. He was interested in creating international solidarity and cooperation among Black people. However, Du Bois (as well as other African Americans) promoted the idea that Brazil was a place without racism, a racial paradise. This idea served as a basis for a theory that oppressed Afro-Brazilians—the myth of racial democracy. In this article, I explore Du Bois’s relationship with Brazil, highlighting possible reasons why Du Bois engaged with the myth of racial democracy. In addition, I argue that this historical event teaches us that an Afro-diasporic liberation project must seriously consider global and material inequalities among Black people.

scholarly journals Survey Essay 1. Periodizing and Historicizing German Afro-Americanophilia: From Antebellum to Postwar (1850-1965)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Ege ◽  
Andrew Wright Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black People ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
German Culture ◽  
Black Germans ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

In this first essay, we delve into significant moments in the history (and pre-history) of twentieth century Afro-Americanophilia in Germany. We establish a periodisation stretching from the nineteenth century until the mid-1960s (from which point our second essay will continue), and take in the pre-colonial, the colonial, the Weimar, the Nazi; and the post-war eras.  We draw out some of the particularly significant moments, ruptures, and continuities within that time frame. We also identify some of the salient ways scholars have interpreted ‘Afro-Americanophilia’ during the period.  Focusing on a variety of practices of appropriation, communicative media, actors and forms of agency, power differentials, and sociocultural contexts, we discuss positive images of and affirmative approaches to black people in German culture and in its imaginaries. We attend to who was active in Afro-Americanophilia, in what ways, and what the effects of that agency were. Our main focus is on white German Afro-Americanophiles, but—without attempting to write a history of African Americans, black people in Germany, or Black Germans— we also inquire into the ways that the latter reacted to, suffered under the expectations levied upon them, or were able to engage with the demand for ‘black cultural traffic.’  

Foremost Musician and Engaged Citizen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Black Church ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Race Riots ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
Eastern Seaboard

This chapter examines how Harry T. Burleigh came to represent African Americans as their premiere baritone and leading composer while also establishing a reputation as an engaged citizen in the first decades of the twentieth century. It first considers Burleigh's active participation in the life of the black community in New York and other cities on the eastern seaboard, lending the weight of his renown to benefit numerous social and educational causes, including efforts to improve the health and general welfare of African Americans. It then discusses Burleigh's connection with the city's black church community, including St. Philip's Episcopal Church and other Episcopal congregations, along with his relationships with Booker T. Washington, Afro-British composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, and W. E. B. Du Bois. The chapter also describes Burleigh's position regarding the lynchings and race riots in various parts of the country.

A Black Sherlock Holmes (1918): A Case Study in Racebending

Adaptation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann McClellan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Black People ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Racial Change ◽  
Blackface Minstrelsy ◽  
Reconstruction Era ◽  
Dime Novel

Abstract With hundreds of Sherlock Holmes screen adaptations, the silent all-Black-cast A Black Sherlock Holmes (1918) remains an under-researched anomaly. The essay provides an overview of colourblind and colour conscious casting practices, ultimately advocating for adopting fan studies approaches to ‘racebending’. Racebending involves alternately ‘racing’ canonical characters from white to Black Minority Ethnic. After briefly reviewing representations of African Americans in blackface minstrelsy and early twentieth-century race films, the essay argues that A Black Sherlock Holmes highlights the ways in which race filmmakers were trying to reimagine new ways for African Americans to become part of dominant literary culture. In reimagining Sherlock Holmes as an African American, the film (re)inscribes Black people into prominent literary and cultural history. Because Knick Garter is doubly descended from two notable fictional detectives, America’s Nick Carter of dime novel fame as well as Britain’s legendary Sherlock Holmes, his very existence posits a new world where famous Black characters are as much a part of the American literary landscape as canonical characters from Hawthorne, Poe, and Twain. Viewing A Black Sherlock Holmes in light of the possibilities the film offers, rather than its limitations, allows viewers today to see the ways literary history, film, and race coalesced to highlight the possibilities of radical racial change in the post-Reconstruction era at the beginning of the twentieth century.

A Modest Proposal

2016 ◽  
pp. 250-263
Author(s):  
Clarence Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Black People ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Modest Proposal ◽  
History Of

This chapter calls for a revision of history and argues that one of the barriers to coalition building among subordinated groups results from a fragmentation of history. It locates part of this in something that might be described as black exceptionalism, stating that the history of black people during the 1865–1965 period of political, social, cultural, and economic change remains largely exceptional, treated as different from the history of Chinese, Mexican, and Japanese Americans during the last third of the nineteenth century and the first six decades of the twentieth century. The chapter asserts that to have a more complete and accurate idea of their own history, African Americans must study their connections to other racialized groups.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Darius J. Young
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Black People ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political

This chapter outlines the book’s mission to serve as a lens into the political activity of African Americans during the first half of the twentieth century by focusing on the strategies that Robert R. Church Jr. used to organize and empower black people through the vote. The book argues that the activism of Church and his colleagues served as the catalyst for the modern civil rights movement. This chapter also seeks to answer the question how historians know so little about someone who accomplished so much.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Aston Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Black People ◽  
The United States ◽  
Expanded Access ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Black Life ◽  
Visual Technologies

The epilogue shows how the democratization of photography allowed black people to produce images of themselves and their communities when a massive wave of racial caricatures flooded homes in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century. Visual technologies of the nineteenth century vastly expanded access to cameras which enabled more people to record African American communities and challenge racist ideas. W. E. B. Du Bois exhibited hundreds of photographs taken by Thomas Askew, the African photographer, at the Paris Exposition of 1900. These scenes of black life in Georgia conveyed the power of the ordinary and Du Bois himself wrote that they challenged “conventional American ideas” of black people.

scholarly journals Leadership elitism – idealism vs. Realism

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
First Century ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Current Leadership ◽  
Successful Leaders ◽  
Twenty First Century

Philosophies of leadership have tended to express and support idealistic or realistic approaches to leadership. Leadership elitism maintains essentially that successful leaders must know and do what is best for their followers, because their followers are not capable of knowing and doing what is best for themselves. This essay offers descriptions of the contrasting traits of leadership idealism and realism, both of which explain elitism as a common trait of idealism. These descriptions are exemplified with an overview of some past and current leadership philosophies, and then with an in-depth analysis of the early twentieth-century views of the African-Americans thinkers W.E.B. Du Bois (idealist) and Booker T. Washington (realist). Some remarks on where leadership philosophy is and could be in the twenty-first century conclude the essay.

African Americans and the Crisis of Modernity

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Eric S. King
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Family ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Crisis Of Modernity

This article examines Lorraine Hansberry’s play A Raisin in the Sun by exploring the conflict between a traditionally Southern, Afro-Christian, communitarian worldview and certain more destabilizing elements of the worldview of modernity. In addition to examining the socio-economic problems confronted by some African Americans in the play, this article investigates the worldviews by which these Black people frame their problems as well as the dynamics within the relationships of a Black family that lives at the intersection of racial, class, and gender inequality in Chicago during the latter 1950s.

Coda

2020 ◽  
pp. 734-743
Author(s):  
Laura U. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Labor Movements ◽  
Grassroots Politics ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Guerrilla Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Armed Resistance ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Arabic Speaking

In the twentieth-century Arabic-speaking world, communism animated anticolonial revolutions, workers’ organizations, guerrilla movements, and international solidarity. The communist dream was cut short by Arab governments, deals with global superpowers, the rise of religious fundamentalism, and historical bad luck. But recently a remarkable number of Arab filmmakers have turned their attention to the history of the radical Left. Filmmakers from Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco have been urgently seeking models for grassroots politics in the labor movements, communist parties, and secular armed resistance of earlier generations. This coda explores two strata of communist audiovisual praxis: the radical cinema that supported labor movements and guerrilla actions from the 1950s to the 1980s, and recent films that draw on that earlier movement. The coda argues that the Arab audiovisual archive holds flashes of communism that have been neither fulfilled nor entirely extinguished. The new films release their unspent energy into the present, diagnosing earlier failures of Arab communism and making plans for new forms of solidarity.

Peace Above the Glass Ceiling: The Historical Relationship between Female Political Empowerment and Civil Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirianne Dahlum ◽  
Tore Wig
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Global Data

Abstract We investigate whether female political empowerment is conducive to civil peace, drawing on global data on female political empowerment over a 200-year period, from the Varieties of Democracy database. We augment previous research by expanding the temporal scope, looking at a novel inventory of female political empowerment measures, attending to reverse-causality and omitted variable issues, and separating between relevant causal mechanisms. We find a strong link between female political empowerment and civil peace, which is particularly pronounced in the twentieth century. We find evidence that this relationship is driven both by women’s political participation—particularly the bottom-up political participation of women, e.g., in civil society—and the culture that conduces it. This is the strongest evidence to date that there is a robust link between female political empowerment and civil peace, stemming from both institutional and cultural mechanisms.

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