scholarly journals Biocontrol of Rice Diseases by Microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Jung-Ae Kim ◽  
Jeong-Sup Song ◽  
Min-Hye Jeong ◽  
Sook-Young Park ◽  
Yangseon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Demand Chain ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Yield Production

Rice is responsible for the stable crop of 3 billion people worldwide, about half of Asian depends on it, and rice is grown in more than 100 countries. Rice diseases can lead to devastating economic loss by decreasing yield production, disturbing a stable food supply and demand chain. The most commonly used method to control rice disease is chemical control. However, misuse of chemical control can cause environmental pollution, residual toxicity, and the emergence of chemical-resistant pathogens, the deterioration of soil quality, and the destruction of biodiversity. In order to control rice diseases, research on alternative biocontrol is actively pursued including microorganism-oriented biocontrol agents. Microbial agents control plant disease through competition with and antibiotic effects and parasitism against plant pathogens. Microorganisms isolated from the rice rhizosphere are studied comprehensively as biocontrol agents against rice pathogens. Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Trichoderma sp. were reported to control rice diseases, such as blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and bakanae diseases. Here we reviewed the microorganisms that are studied as biocontrol agents against rice diseases.

scholarly journals Control strategies for heterogeneous plant pathogens: evolutionary and agricultural consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Miele ◽  
R M L Evans ◽  
Nik Cunniffe ◽  
Daniele Bevacqua
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Optimising the use of chemical pesticide is required in order to reduce the inevitable environmental and economic costs related to it. The consequences of chemical control are particularly tricky to foresee in the presence of pathogens, displaying heterogeneous traits involved in their life cycle, because its effect will likely differ across the population. In this work, we investigate the effects of trait-dependent pesticide on heterogeneous plant pathogens, by means of a minimal model connecting evolutionary and agricultural states of the system. We model a pathogen population displaying continuous levels of virulence and transmission. Control strategies are modelled by the quantity of pesticide released and its degree of correlation with the pathogen's heterogeneous traits. We show that the pathogen population can adapt towards opposite evolutionary states, that may be reversed by chemical control due to its heterogeneous selective pressure. This dual behaviour triggers saturating effects in yield production, with respect to pesticide use. As a consequence, we show that maximising yield production and minimising pesticide application are conflicting objectives. We identify Pareto-efficient solutions, where the optimal pesticide type depends on the applied quantity. Our results provide a theoretical framework to explore how to harness heterogeneity in pathogen populations to our advantage.

scholarly journals Soil Bacteria as Potential Biological Control Agents of Fusarium Species Associated with Asparagus Decline Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8356
Author(s):  
Eduardo De la Lastra ◽  
María Camacho ◽  
Nieves Capote
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Mycelium Growth

To avoid the use of agrochemicals in agriculture, alternative methods are emerging to control plant pathogens. Some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be used as biocontrol agents since they can induce protection against pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of several PGPR strains against the main Fusarium species involved in asparagus decline syndrome (ADS): F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. redolens. In vitro antagonism assays showed that all the bacteria inhibited the mycelium growth of the three Fusarium species. The most effective strains (Streptomyces fradiae Hvs6, Bacillus paralicheniformis Hvs2 and Bacillus velezensis FC37) were tested to evaluate their protective effect on asparagus plants inoculated with pathogenic Fusarium isolates. Strains FC37 and Hvs2 were the most effective in controlling pathogenic F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi, but neither could protect against F. redolens isolates. The production of hydrolytic enzymes such as β-glucosidase, amylase and protease by these bacterial strains could be involved in the structural degradation of the fungal cell wall. In addition, the production of toxic volatile compounds, such as hydrogen cyanide, may inhibit the fungal growth, and the production of phosphate solubilizers could be related to the plant growth promotion. These results suggest that strains FC37 and Hvs2 could be used as potential biocontrol agents as a sustainable and environmentally friendly control strategy for ADS-affected fields.

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY ASSESMENT OF WOOD-WASTE LIQUID SMOKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Budy Rahmat ◽  
Dedi Natawijaya ◽  
Endang Surahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Liquid Smoke

Liquid smoke is known to contain compounds that can control plant disease pathogens. This study aims to produce wood-waste liquid smoke and determine its effectiveness as a fungicide on plant pathogens. This research was conducted in two experimental stages, namely: (i) in vitro test as a preliminary test of the effectiveness of teak waste liquid smoke at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%; and (ii) in vivo test was arranged in randomized block design consisting of seven levels of liquid smoke concentration, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%, each of which was repeated four times. The results showed that the pyrolysis of 1 kg of wood waste was produced with the proportions of liquid smoke, charcoal and tar, respectively: 312 mL, 31 g, 367 g and the uncondensed gases. Treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed that a concentration of 1 to 2.5% liquid smoke was able to suppress the growth of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii 100%. The treatment of liquid smoke in the in vivo test showed an effect on inhibition of the growth diameter of fungal colonies, suppressing the disease occurance, and suppressing the lesion diameter.

Forecasting for Chinese Natural Gas Supply and Demand and Solutions for the Optimization of the Supply and Demand Chain

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Xiucheng Dong ◽  
Junchen Li ◽  
Shouhua Zhang ◽  
Yu Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Chain ◽  
Gas Supply

scholarly journals First Screening of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Fungus as Biocontrol Agents against an Emerging Pest of Sugarcane, Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Javal ◽  
John S. Terblanche ◽  
Desmond E. Conlong ◽  
Antoinette P. Malan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Sugarcane Stalk ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
Steinernema Yirgalemense

Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an emerging pest of sugarcane in South Africa. The larvae of this cerambycid beetle live within the sugarcane stalk and drill galleries that considerably reduce sugar production. To provide an alternative to chemical control, entomopathogenic nematodes and fungus were investigated as potential biological control agents to be used in an integrated pest management system. The nematodes Steinernema yirgalemense, S. jeffreyense, Heterorhabditis indica, and different concentrations of the fungus Metarhizium pinghaense were screened for efficacy (i.e., mortality rate) against larvae of C. newmannii. The different biocontrol agents used, revealed a low level of pathogenicity to C. newmannii larvae, when compared to control treatments.

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