scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals Biochar and Trichoderma spp. in management of plant diseases caused by soilborne fungal pathogens: a review and perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. e296101522465
Author(s):  
Erika Valente de Medeiros ◽  
Lucas Figueira da Silva ◽  
Jenifer Sthephanie Araújo da Silva ◽  
Diogo Paes da Costa ◽  
Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Plant Disease Management

A better understanding of the use of biochar with Trichoderma spp. (TRI), considered the most studied tool for biological control, would increase our ability to set priorities. However, no studies exist using the two inputs on plant disease management. Here, we hypothesized that biochar and TRI would be used for the management of soilborne plant pathogens, mainly due to changes in soil properties and its interactions. To test this hypothesis, this review assesses papers that used biochar and TRI against plant diseases and we summarize the handling mechanisms for each input. Biochar acts by mechanisms: induction to plant resistance, sorption of allelopathic and fungitoxic compounds, increase of beneficial microorganisms, changes the soil properties that promote health and nutrient availability. Trichoderma as biocontrol agents by different mechanisms: mycoparasitism, enzyme and secondary metabolic production, plant promoter agent, natural decomposition agent, and biological agent of bioremediation. Overall, our findings expand our knowledge about the reuse of wastes transformed in biochar combined with Trichoderma has potential perspective to formulate products as alternative management tool of plant disease caused by soilborne fungal pathogen and add important information that can be suitable for development of strategy for use in the global health concept.

scholarly journals Natural Plant Products as Eco-friendly Fungicides for Plant Diseases Control- A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zaker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The use of chemical pesticides for controlling various plant diseases is still a common practice especially in developing countries. Although with the application of chemical fungicides, plant diseases can be controlled but the hazardous impacts of such products in human health and environment are well known. Moreover, with their excess applications pest resistance may exist. Natural plant products have been found effective in plant disease managements and could be safely incorporated as suitable alternatives for synthetic fungicides. It is estimated that there are more than 250,000 higher plant species on earth that can be evaluated for their antimicrobial bioactive chemical compounds. During last several decades researchers have evaluated plant extracts and oils against plant pathogens, valuable results have been achieved and some commercially botanical formulations have been prepared and marketed. If we are supposed to move toward production of safer agricultural products, more attention and effort are still needed for production of more commercially botanical fungicides in the near future. The organic agriculture cannot rely on a limited number of commercially pesticides of natural origin, therefore it seems that more researches in formulating more commercially botanical products as fungicides are still needed.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 134-141

scholarly journals Selection of antagonists for biocontrol of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Ivana Pajcin ◽  
Vanja Vlajkov ◽  
Dragoljub Cvetkovic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Xanthomonas Euvesicatoria ◽  
Selection Of

Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is a worldwide causer of pepper bacterial spot, a bacterial plant disease responsible for massive losses of fresh pepper fruits. Considering the current problems in management of bacterial plant diseases, biological control using antagonistic microbial strains with high potential for plant pathogens suppression emerges as a possible solution. The aim of this study was to select suitable antagonists for suppression of X. euvesicatoria among the bacteria, yeast and fungi from the genera Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces and Trichoderma, based on in vitro antimicrobial activity testing using the diffusion disc method. The results of this study have revealed that cultivation broth samples of the antagonists Lactobacillus MK3 and Trichoderma reseii QM 9414, as well as supernatant samples of the antagonist Pseudomonas aeruginosa I128, have showed significant potential to be applied in biological control of X. euvesicatoria. Further research would be required to formulate suitable cultivation medium and optimize bioprocess conditions for production of the proposed pepper bacterial spot biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Sustainable agriculture and plant diseases: an epidemiological perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1492) ◽  
pp. 741-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Wide Range

The potential for modern biology to identify new sources for genetical, chemical and biological control of plant disease is remarkably high. Successful implementation of these methods within globally and locally changing agricultural environments demands new approaches to durable control. This, in turn, requires fusion of population genetics and epidemiology at a range of scales from the field to the landscape and even to continental deployment of control measures. It also requires an understanding of economic and social constraints that influence the deployment of control. Here I propose an epidemiological framework to model invasion, persistence and variability of epidemics that encompasses a wide range of scales and topologies through which disease spreads. By considering how to map control methods onto epidemiological parameters and variables, some new approaches towards optimizing the efficiency of control at the landscape scale are introduced. Epidemiological strategies to minimize the risks of failure of chemical and genetical control are presented and some consequences of heterogeneous selection pressures in time and space on the persistence and evolutionary changes of the pathogen population are discussed. Finally, some approaches towards embedding epidemiological models for the deployment of control in an economically plausible framework are presented.

scholarly journals 2008 Florida Plant Disease Management Guide: Chemical Control Guide for Diseases of Vegetables, Revision No. 19

EDIS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Pernezny ◽  
Amanda Gevens ◽  
Tim Momol ◽  
Aaron Palmateer ◽  
Natalia Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Disease Management

Revised! PPP-6, a 108-page publication by Ken Pernezny, Amanda Gevens, Tim Momol, Aaron Palmateer, Natalia Peres, Richard Raid, Pam Roberts, Gary Vallad, and Shousan Zhang, is a guide to lawful use of sprayable chemicals intended for control of plant diseases affecting vegetables grown in Florida. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, September 2008.

scholarly journals Association of L-form Bacteria with Plants and their Application in Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
P. W. H. K. P. Daulagala
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
World Population ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi And Bacteria

L-form bacteria with modified or no cell walls are a special group of bacteria derived or induced from cell walled forms following suppression of their rigid cell wall. They have been used to establish non-pathogenic symbioses with a wide range of plants. These L-form-plant symbioses have been shown to confer resistance against the subsequent challenge of the associated plants by both fungal and bacterial pathogens. As the world population increases, the demand for food also increases and hence control of plant diseases is of paramount importance in producing enough agricultural crops to fulfil the food demand. Plant disease management using chemical fungicides and pesticides etc. is not an ecofriendly approach and hence researchers look for alternative options such as the use of biocontrol agents which are ecofriendly and sustainable. This review paper highlights the published information on the potential of applying L-form bacteria as a biological control agent in management of plant diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Fungi vs. Fungi in Biocontrol: An Overview of Fungal Antagonists Applied Against Fungal Plant Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasun M. Thambugala ◽  
Dinushani A. Daranagama ◽  
Alan J. L. Phillips ◽  
Sagarika D. Kannangara ◽  
Itthayakorn Promputtha
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Disease Management

Plant pathogens cause severe losses or damage to crops worldwide and thereby significantly reduce the quality and quantity of agricultural commodities. World tendencies are shifting towards reducing the usage of chemically synthesized pesticides, while various biocontrol methods, strategies and approaches are being used in plant disease management. Fungal antagonists play a significant role in controlling plant pathogens and diseases and they are used as Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) throughout the world. This review provides a comprehensive list of fungal BCAs used against fungal plant pathogens according to modern taxonomic concepts, and clarifies their phylogenetic relationships because thewrong names are frequently used in the literature of biocontrol. Details of approximately 300 fungal antagonists belonging to 13 classes and 113 genera are listed together with the target pathogens and corresponding plant diseases. Trichoderma is identified as the genus with greatest potential comprising 25 biocontrol agents that have been used against a number of plant fungal diseases. In addition to Trichoderma, nine genera are recognized as significant comprising five or more known antagonistic species, namely, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, Pichia, Pythium, Talaromyces, and Verticillium. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) of fungal antagonists was performed to establish their phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Masudulla Khan ◽  
Azhar U. Khan ◽  
Mohd Abul Hasan ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Marina M. C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Disease Management

In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

scholarly journals Spray-induced gene silencing for disease control is dependent on the efficiency of pathogen RNA uptake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Qiao ◽  
Chi Lan ◽  
Luca Capriotti ◽  
Audrey Ah-Fong ◽  
Jonatan Nino Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Fungal Genes

AbstractRecent discoveries show that fungi can take up environmental RNA, which can then silence fungal genes through environmental RNA interference. This discovery prompted the development of Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) for plant disease management. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of SIGS across a variety of eukaryotic microbes. We first examined the efficiency of RNA uptake in multiple pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, and an oomycete pathogen. We observed efficient double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) uptake in the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger, and Verticillium dahliae, but no uptake in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and weak uptake in a beneficial fungus, Trichoderma virens. For the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, RNA uptake was limited, and varied across different cell types and developmental stages. Topical application of dsRNA targeting virulence-related genes in the pathogens with high RNA uptake efficiency significantly inhibited plant disease symptoms, whereas the application of dsRNA in pathogens with low RNA uptake efficiency did not suppress infection. Our results have revealed that dsRNA uptake efficiencies vary across eukaryotic microbe species and cell types. The success of SIGS for plant disease management can largely be determined by the pathogen RNA uptake efficiency.

scholarly journals Temperature-Mediated Plasticity Regulates the Adaptation of Phytophthora infestans to Azoxystrobin Fungicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahuza Lurwanu ◽  
Yan-Ping Wang ◽  
Waheed Abdul ◽  
Jiasui Zhan ◽  
Li-Na Yang
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Simple Sequence

Fungicide is one of the main approaches used in agriculture to manage plant diseases for food production, but their effectiveness can be reduced due to the evolution of plant pathogens. Understanding the genetics and evolutionary processes responsible for the development of fungicide resistance is a key to food production and social sustainability. In this study, we used a common garden experiment to examine the source of genetic variation, natural selection, and temperature contributing to the development of azoxystrobin resistance in Phytophthora infestans and infer sustainable ways of plant disease management in future. We found that plasticity contributed to ~40% of phenotypic variation in azoxystrobin sensitivity while heritability accounted for 16%. Further analysis indicated that overall population differentiation in azoxystrobin sensitivity (QST) was significantly greater than the overall population differentiation in simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker (FST), and the P. infestans isolates demonstrated higher level of azoxystrobin sensitivity at the higher experimental temperature. These results suggest that changes in target gene expression, enzymatic activity, or metabolic rate of P. infestans play a more important role in the adaptation of the pathogen to azoxystrobin resistance than that of mutations in target genes. The development of azoxystrobin resistance in P. infestans is likely driven by diversifying selection for local adaptation, and elevated temperature associated with global warming in the future may increase the effectiveness of using azoxystrobin to manage P. infestans. The sustainable approaches for increasing disease control effectiveness and minimizing the erosion of the fungicide efficacy are proposed.

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