scholarly journals Forages resources in "dehesa" systems: fertilization, tillage, and forage sowing. 2. Productivity and use of rain water

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
J.L. Martin Polo ◽  
C.J. Valle Gutierrez ◽  
A. Blanco de Pablos ◽  
M.E. Sánchez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Economic Studies ◽  
Different Soils

In two «dehesa» grasslands with different soils, one over slate and the other over granite, studies were carried out toinvestigate the influence that phosphoric fertilization, surface tillage of pastures and oat sowing have on the primaryproduction and its nutritive value, on the index of utilization of raining water, and on the evolution of oat stubble withtime. Additionally, economic studies of the previous results have been carried out. Phosphoric fertilization and superficialtilling of pastures did not have a relevant influence on the primary production. Additionally, in the successive regrowthover oat stubble there was no response to phosphoric fertilization. The production increments with respect tocontrols are related to the preparatory tillage for sowing the oats, and the changes that the vegetation experimented.This effect decreased with time. The dry matter production in the oat treatments was higher than in the pastures, bothin slate and granite soils. In dehesa systems the use of raining water for the production of 1 kg dry matter ha-1 was verylow, and, on the average, 0.278 and 0.588 l m-2 were needed in pastures, but this amount decreased significantly in theoats: 0.059 and 0.110 l m-2 in slates and granites, respectively; with better use of the water in the more fertile soils. Theeconomic response to the oat sowing was about 252 and of 160 euros ha-1 year-1 in slates and granites, but there was noeconomic response to the fertilization and superficial tilling of pastures during the period of the experiment.

EFFECT OF DATES OF CUTTING ON DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL CONTENT OF ALFALFA AND BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gasser ◽  
L. Lachance ◽  
P. Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Chemical Content

In two experiments, one with alfalfa and the other with birdsfoot trefoil, we have been able to show that a late cut in October does not adversely affect dry matter yield (DAI) of the legumes. Three cuts during a harvesting season ending on September 5 were detrimental to alfalfa, since lower yields were obtained the following year of harvest. Birdsfoot trefoil varieties were affected differentially. Three cuts did not affect the yield of Viking the following year, but did so of Empire. Significant differences in dry matter yields were obtained between DuPuits and Vernal and between Viking and Empire. Protein in the forage followed inversely the same pattern as that of DM yields, that is, where the intervals were shortest, the protein content was highest, and conversely. The total available carbohydrate and the nitrogen content of the roots were lowest following the treatments which had the shortest intervals between them.

A comparison of barley cultivars with different leaf inclinations

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Angus ◽  
R Jones ◽  
JH Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Assimilation Chamber ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Erect Leaf

Under conditions of adequate moisture an erect-leaf barley cultivar, Lenta, responded to an increase in density (resulting from doubling of the sowing rate) with increases in dry matter production and in grain yield, whereas the cultivar Research, which has long lax leaves, responded with decreases in dry matter production and yield. In a study of canopy structure and its effects on light interception and utilization, it was found that in Research, with a leaf area index (LAI) of 6.1, the leaves were concentrated near the canopy surface and a relatively small proportion of the above-crop light penetrated through this layer. The net crop photosynthesis of this canopy (measured in a field assimilation chamber) was 3.8 g CO2/m2.hr when visible radiation was 313 W/m2. With Lenta (LAI 7.0) on the other hand, leaves were concentrated in the middle layers of the canopy and the light was more evenly distributed throughout the canopy. The net crop photosynthesis with the same radiation as for Research was 4.3 g CO2/m2.hr. The relative rates of photosynthesis at various levels in the canopies were determined by introducing 14CO2 into the assimilation chambers enclosing the cultivars and observing where the 14C was fixed. With Research most of it was localized near the canopy surface while with Lenta most of it was near the centre of the canopy. Of the 14CO2 taken up, 7 % was fixed in the leaf sheaths of Research and 12% in those of Lenta.

Nodulation and growth of pasture legumes with naturalised soil rhizobia. 1. Annual Medicago spp.

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ballard ◽  
N. Charman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

The ability of 11 species of annual medics (Medicago doliata, M. laciniata, M. littoralis, M. minima, M. orbicularis, M. polymorpha, M. praecox, M. rigidula, M. rigiduloides, M. tornata and M. truncatula) to nodulate and fix nitrogen with naturalised rhizobia from 28 South Australian soils was assessed. The number of rhizobia in the soils was estimated. Medic shoot dry matter production and nodulation were measured, after inoculation of medic seedlings with a soil suspension, in 2 glasshouse experiments. The number of medic rhizobia ranged from 0.4 10 2 to 1.5 10 6 per gram soil. Medicago laciniata was the only medic species tested which was not consistently nodulated by the soil rhizobia. While all the other species formed nodules, they varied widely in their ability to form an effective symbiosis. Symbiotic performance (which indicates how much growth the medic line achieved, when compared to an effective inoculation treatment) of the medic species ranged from 3% (M. rigiduloides) to 67% (M. praecox). Herald (M. littoralis) achieved a symbiotic performance of 49% and it was estimated that this would be insufficient to meet the nitrogen requirements of a Herald-based pasture during early growth. The symbiotic performance of Santiago (M. polymorpha) was low (17%) and erratic (from –6 to 72%). The ability of the rhizobia to form an effective symbiosis varied widely also between soil regions. For example, the rhizobia in Riverland soils resulted in only 31% of the shoot dry matter of those in Eyre Peninsula soils, in association with M. polymorpha. There are significant opportunities to improve the symbiotic performance of a number of the species of annual medics examined in this study. Options to improve the effectiveness of the symbiosis of medics with naturalised soil rhizobia are discussed.

Genotype and year effects on morphological and agronomical traits of silage maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Tóthné Zsubori ◽  
I. Pók ◽  
Z. Hegyi ◽  
C. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Few Data

Leafy hybrids represent a new direction in the breeding of silage maize. Not only does the increased number of leaves above the ear in these hybrids lead to an increase in dry matter production, but the large quantity of carbohydrates formed and stored in the leaves results in silage with better chemical quality. Many papers have been published abroad on this subject, but few data have been reported in Hungary.The present work aimed to examine the effect of genotype and year on six leafy and non-leafy silage maize hybrids over a period of four years (2002–2005), with special emphasis on the plant height, ear attachment height, leaf number, and fresh and dry matter yield.The results showed that the number of leaves above the ear was much higher for the two leafy hybrids (8.00 and 9.35) than the average of the other hybrids (5.56, averaged over the years). This trait was in close negative correlation (r 2 = −0.7346) with the ratio of ear attachment height to total plant height, a trait with strong genetic determination, little influenced by the year. In leafy hybrids the main ear was located far lower down, but the total plant height was similar to that of the other hybrids. The ratio of ear attachment height to plant height was 0.36 for the leafy hybrids, but ranged from 0.41 to 0.45 for the other hybrids (averaged over the years). In wetter years the hybrids were taller and had greater dry matter production per plant than in the dry year.

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