OLR values over Indian region and heavy rainfall events over Mumbai  during a North West Pacific system located west of 140° East

The role of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in producing heavy rainfall events and floods in the eastern part of Europe, with a special focus on the Siret and Prut catchment areas (Romania), is analyzed in this study. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the socio-economic impacts of the most extreme flood events (e.g., July 2008, June–July 2010, and June 2020) is given. Analysis of the largest flood events indicates that the flood peaks have been preceded up to 6 days in advance by intrusions of high Potential Vorticity (PV) anomalies toward the southeastern part of Europe, persistent cut-off lows over the analyzed region, and increased water vapor transport over the catchment areas of Siret and Prut Rivers. The vertically integrated water vapor transport prior to the flood peak exceeds 300 kg m−1 s−1, leading to heavy rainfall events. We also show that the implementation of the Flood Management Plan in Romania had positive results during the 2020 flood event compared with the other flood events, when the authorities took several precaution measurements that mitigated in a better way the socio-economic impact and risks of the flood event. The results presented in this study offer new insights regarding the importance of large-scale atmospheric circulation and water vapor transport as drivers of extreme flooding in the eastern part of Europe and could lead to a better flood forecast and flood risk management.

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Mesoscale Analysis of Heavy Rainfall Episodes from SoWMEX/TiMREX

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1175/jas-d-11-0120.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 521-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Christopher A. Davis ◽

Wen-Chau Lee

Keyword(s):

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Southwest Monsoon ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Mesoscale Analysis ◽

Mesoscale Structure ◽

Profound Influence ◽

Moist Condition ◽

Virtual Temperature ◽

Convection Initiation ◽

Heavy Rainfall Events

Abstract The authors analyze the mesoscale structure accompanying two multiday periods of heavy rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon Experiment and the Terrain-Induced Mesoscale Rainfall Experiment conducted over and near Taiwan during May and June 2008. Each period is about 5–6 days long with episodic heavy rainfall events within. These events are shown to correspond primarily to periods when well-defined frontal boundaries are established near the coast. The boundaries are typically 1 km deep or less and feature contrasts of virtual temperature of only 2°–3°C. Yet, owing to the extremely moist condition of the upstream conditionally unstable air, these boundaries appear to exert a profound influence on convection initiation or intensification near the coast. Furthermore, the boundaries, once established, are long lived, possibly reinforced through cool downdrafts and prolonged by the absence of diurnal heating over land in generally cloudy conditions. These boundaries are linked phenomenologically with coastal fronts that occur at higher latitudes.

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Seasonal Distribution of Heavy Rainfall Events in Midwest

Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ◽

10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1995)121:1(110) ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 110-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

James R. Angel ◽

Floyd A. Huff

Keyword(s):

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Seasonal Distribution ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Heavy Rainfall Events

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An Improved Weighting Method of Time-Lag-Ensemble Averaging for Hourly Precipitation Forecasts and Its Application in a Typhoon-Induced Heavy Rainfall Event

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12070875 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 875

Author(s):

Li Zhou ◽

Lin Xu ◽

Mingcai Lan ◽

Jingjing Chen

Keyword(s):

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Time Lag ◽

Probability Of Detection ◽

Precipitation Forecast ◽

Ensemble Averaging ◽

Weighting Method ◽

Prediction Ability ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Hourly Precipitation ◽

Heavy Rainfall Events

Heavy rainfall events often cause great societal and economic impacts. The prediction ability of traditional extrapolation techniques decreases rapidly with the increase in the lead time. Moreover, deficiencies of high-resolution numerical models and high-frequency data assimilation will increase the prediction uncertainty. To address these shortcomings, based on the hourly precipitation prediction of Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Cycle of Hourly Assimilation and Forecast (GRAPES-CHAF) and Shanghai Meteorological Service-WRF ADAS Rapid Refresh System (SMS-WARR), we present an improved weighting method of time-lag-ensemble averaging for hourly precipitation forecast which gives more weight to heavy rainfall and can quickly select the optimal ensemble members for forecasting. In addition, by using the cross-magnitude weight (CMW) method, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC), the verification results of hourly precipitation forecast for next six hours in Hunan Province during the 2019 typhoon Bailu case and heavy rainfall events from April to September in 2020 show that the revised forecast method can more accurately capture the characteristics of the hourly short-range precipitation forecast and improve the forecast accuracy and the probability of detection of heavy rainfall.

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Diverse synoptic weather patterns of warm-season heavy rainfall events in South Korea

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/mwr-d-20-0388.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chanil Park ◽

Seok-Woo Son ◽

Joowan Kim ◽

Eun-Chul Chang ◽

Jung-Hoon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

Moisture Transport ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Eastern China ◽

Warm Season ◽

Sea Level Pressure ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Weather Patterns ◽

Synoptic Weather ◽

Heavy Rainfall Events

AbstractThis study identifies diverse synoptic weather patterns of warm-season heavy rainfall events (HREs) in South Korea. The HREs not directly connected to tropical cyclones (TCs) (81.1%) are typically associated with a midlatitude cyclone from eastern China, the expanded North Pacific high and strong southwesterly moisture transport in between. They are frequent both in the first (early summer) and second rainy periods (late summer) with impacts on the south coast and west of the mountainous region. In contrast, the HREs resulting from TCs (18.9%) are caused by the synergetic interaction between the TC and meandering midlatitude flow, especially in the second rainy period. The strong south-southeasterly moisture transport makes the southern and eastern coastal regions prone to the TC-driven HREs. By applying a self-organizing map algorithm to the non-TC HREs, their surface weather patterns are further classified into six clusters. Clusters 1 and 3 exhibit frontal boundary between the low and high with differing relative strengths. Clusters 2 and 5 feature an extratropical cyclone migrating from eastern China under different background sea-level pressure patterns. Cluster 4 is characterized by the expanded North Pacific high with no organized negative sea-level pressure anomaly, and cluster 6 displays a development of a moisture pathway between the continental and oceanic highs. Each cluster exhibits a distinct spatio-temporal occurrence distribution. The result provides useful guidance for predicting the HREs by depicting important factors to be differently considered depending on their synoptic categorization.

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