scholarly journals Teologi Pembebasan: Gerakan Feminisme Kristen dan Pendekatan Dialog Martin Buber

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Afandi

It cannot be denied that the presence of feminist liberation movements and theology has left such a profound influence on the history of the paradigm shift of the church even more into the wider scope. The theology of feminism has also correctly demonstrated the general failure of men in fulfilling God's plan regarding the purpose of his creation, since love in a husband-wife life is described as Christ loves to His church. The next positive contribution of the theology of liberation of feminism has also stood against the practice of oppression, humiliation, manipulation and even the exploitation of women. It should be noted, however, that in addition to the great contributions that can even trigger a paradigm shift, feminist movements and theology also leave problematic traces. This Christian feminist flow moves in a Christian framework but their method of feminism and theology approach generally entirely uses a liberal perspective. On the one hand they assume that this developed theology comes from the inspired word of God, but on the other hand they step out of the orthodoxy of traditional Christian faith. One of the terms used to respond to feminist movements and theology is that they apply "hermeneutic of suspicion". This means that systematically they assume that the writers of books of the Bible that are generally men, as well as their interpreters deliberately cover the role of women in the era of early Christianity. Also they attempted to abolish the cultural system which is the hallmark of society in the time of writing holy books, the patriarchy that can be matched by the demythologization of Bultmann. This method of exegesis is characterized by Heidegger's existential understanding that is firmly attached to the spirit of feminists in their struggle for rights and ideals. Strictly speaking such a view is certainly far from the biblical truth. If feminists believe that the Bible contains many mistakes but why then they also use them as the basis of authority for their theological principles. It is unfortunate that, on the other hand, this feminist movement must take extreme measures such as sacrificing orthodox Christian principles and tend to be liberal. Martin Buber's view on the importance of dialogue between the sexes proved to provide a way out of the danger of the continued practice of male domination over women; but also preventing women from the risk of extreme feminist liberation movements.   === Abstrak   Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kehadiran gerakan pembebasan feminis dan teologi telah meninggalkan pengaruh yang begitu besar pada sejarah pergeseran paradigma gereja bahkan lebih ke dalam cakupan yang lebih luas. Teologi feminisme juga telah dengan tepat menunjukkan kegagalan umum pria dalam memenuhi rencana Allah mengenai tujuan ciptaan-Nya, karena cinta dalam kehidupan suami-istri digambarkan sebagai Kristus mengasihi gereja-Nya. Kontribusi positif berikutnya dari teologi pembebasan feminisme juga telah menentang praktik penindasan, penghinaan, manipulasi, dan bahkan eksploitasi perempuan. Namun perlu dicatat bahwa selain kontribusi besar yang bahkan dapat memicu perubahan paradigma, gerakan dan teologi feminis juga meninggalkan jejak yang bermasalah. Aliran feminis Kristen ini bergerak dalam kerangka Kristen, tetapi metode feminisme dan pendekatan teologi mereka pada umumnya seluruhnya menggunakan perspektif liberal. Di satu sisi mereka menganggap bahwa teologi yang dikembangkan ini berasal dari firman Allah yang diilhami, tetapi di sisi lain mereka melangkah keluar dari ortodoksi iman Kristen tradisional. Salah satu istilah yang digunakan untuk menanggapi gerakan dan teologi feminis adalah bahwa mereka menerapkan "hermeneutik kecurigaan". Ini berarti bahwa secara sistematis mereka berasumsi bahwa para penulis buku-buku Alkitab yang umumnya pria, serta penafsir mereka sengaja meliput peran wanita di era awal kekristenan. Mereka juga berusaha menghapuskan sistem budaya yang menjadi ciri khas masyarakat pada saat penulisan kitab suci, patriarki yang dapat ditandingi oleh demitologisasi Bultmann. Metode penafsiran ini ditandai dengan pemahaman eksistensial Heidegger yang melekat erat pada semangat kaum feminis dalam perjuangan mereka untuk hak dan cita-cita. Berbicara dengan tegas pandangan seperti itu tentu jauh dari kebenaran alkitabiah. Jika kaum feminis percaya bahwa Alkitab mengandung banyak kesalahan tetapi mengapa mereka juga menggunakannya sebagai dasar otoritas untuk prinsip-prinsip teologis mereka. Sangat disayangkan bahwa, di sisi lain, gerakan feminis ini harus mengambil langkah-langkah ekstrim seperti mengorbankan prinsip-prinsip Kristen ortodoks dan cenderung liberal. Pandangan Martin Buber tentang pentingnya dialog antar jenis kelamin terbukti memberikan jalan keluar dari bahaya praktik lanjutan dominasi laki-laki terhadap perempuan; tetapi juga mencegah wanita dari risiko gerakan pembebasan feminis ekstrim.

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 393-404
Author(s):  
Janusz Królikowski

Origen is the exegete and Old Christian writer whose influence on the under­standing of the Bible has always been determinative. Undoubtedly, for ecclesiasti­cal reasons he deemed the Septuagint superior and regarded it as the Christian Old Testament. He thought highly of Hebrew text as well, which he often used for his research. An expression of this belief was among others the Hexapla worked out by Origen, which can be regarded as an exceptional manifestation of esteem towards the Old Testament and its Hebrew version. Origen’s attitude towards the Bible can be characterized by two approaches: on the one hand it is the ecclesiastical approach which gives the first place to the text commonly accepted in the Church namely the Septuagint, but on the other hand he is open to every other text Hebrew or Greek, trying to understand it and take it into account in his commentary.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Fitri Yuliana

Di satu sisi, penekanan modernisme pada rasionalitas dan historisitas telah menghasilkan kristologi yang kritis-objektif. Di sisi lain, pascamodernisme yang berepistemologi pluralis menghasilkan kristologi yang subjektif. Menanggapi dan menjembatani dua sisi persoalan ini, pendekatan hermeneutis redemptive-historical diajukan sebagai pendekatan alternatif injili. Pendekatan yang berpusat pada Kristus sebagai kulminasi sejarah penebusan (seperti yang disaksikan Alkitab) ini mengaitkan tiga horizon yaitu: textual, epochal, dan canonical untuk menginterpretasikan teks Kitab Suci secara holistik. Pendekatan ini menganalisis sintaksis, konteks sastra, konteks sejarah dan genre-nya (textual horizon), mengaitkannya dengan sejarah penebusan (epochal horizon), dan melihatnya dalam terang keutuhan kanon (canonical horizon). Penggabungan ketiga unsur tersebut menekankan dinamika pemenuhan janji Allah dalam kulminasi tersebut. Dengan demikian, pendekatan hermeneutis redemptive historical dapat mengarahkan orang Kristen pembacaan dan penafsiran Alkitab yang kristosentris. Kata-kata kunci: Pendekatan Redemptive-Historical, Epistemologi, Kristologi Modern Kristologi Pascamodern, Hermeneutika Injili Kristosentris On the one hand, the emphasis of modernism on rationality and historicity has produced a critical-objective Christology. On the other hand, post-modernism with a pluralist epistemology produces subjective Christology. Responding to, and bridging the two sides of this problem, the redemptive-historical hermeneutical approach is proposed as an alternative evangelical approach. The Christ-centered approach as the culmination of the history of redemption (as witnessed to in the Bible) links three horizons, namely: textual, epochal, and canonical to interpret the text of the Scriptures holistically. This approach analyzes syntax, literary context, historical context and its genre (textual horizon), links it to the history of redemption (epochal horizon), and sees it in the light of the canon (canonical horizon). The combination of these three elements emphasizes the dynamic fulfillment of God’s promises. Thus, the historical redemptive hermeneutical approach can lead Christians to read and interpret the Christocentric Bible. Keywords: Redemptive-Historical Approach, Epistemology, Modernist Christology, Post-modernist Christology, Christ-centered Evangelical Hermeneutics


Augustinianum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-384
Author(s):  
Sabrina Antonella Robbe ◽  

The paper focuses on Rufinus’ translation of Eusebius’ Historia Ecclesiastica 1, 1-3, which discusses trinitarian and christological matters. Firstly, I will analyze how Rufinus amends or removes statements which are close to Origenism and Arianism, sometimes replacing them with orthodox ones; I will then examine Rufinus’ way of citing and interpreting the Bible, by correcting Eusebius’ reading, when it is suspected of heresy, or by explaining passages himself. This work of emendation reveals, on the one hand, Rufinus’ desire to give the readers a text which fits perfectly with the nicen-constantinopolitan creed, and, on the other hand, his aim of protecting himself from accusations.


2021 ◽  
pp. 000842982110448
Author(s):  
Balázs M Mezei

In this article I overview Paul Ricœur’s understanding of divine revelation on the basis of some of his relevant writings. I argue that Ricœur’s hermeneutics of revelation has two aspects: on the one hand Ricœur’s explains the complex ways of acquiring and interpreting divine revelation especially with respect to the Bible; on the other hand, he acknowledges that revelation, originating in God’s freedom, is immediately given. In Ricœur’s view, the understanding of this immediacy is tainted by the presence of evil in human understanding which hinders the realization of revelation itself. As a critique of this standpoint I argue that the immediate givenness of revelation is logically and phenomenologically presupposed in our interpretations. Any hermeneutics of revelation entails a phenomenology of revelation. This phenomenology contains both the self-founding of human beings and, at the same time, the recognition of the absoluteness of the divine. Husserl’s phenomenology offers a way to the understanding of the immediacy of revelation through his central term of Eigenheitlichkeit. Ricœur understands this term not as genuine reality but rather as appartenance, ‘belonging to’, and reshapes its meaning in line with a hermeneutical naturalism. This explains his difficulty to conceive properly the sovereignty of revelation and the importance of phenomenology in the understanding of its immediate character.


Author(s):  
Charles Hefling

The “prelims” of the Book of Common Prayer include a number of tables, rules, schedules, and lists. All of these are necessary for specifying components of Divine Service that vary from day to day, most importantly the reading and recitation of passages from Christian scripture. The specification is significant in two ways, which this chapter will discuss. On the one hand, the various instructions situate Prayer Book worship in time, and more particularly within the annual sequence of holydays and seasons known as the ecclesiastical or liturgical year. On the other hand, they define the relation of the Book of Common Prayer to the still more sacred text of the Bible.


Author(s):  
S. Phillip Nolte ◽  
Yolanda Dreyer

Pastors as wounded healers: Autobiographical pastorate as a way for pastors to achieve emotional wholenessIn a previous article it was argued that pastors suffer from cognitive dissonance because of the paradigm shift from modernity to postmodernity, and the emotional woundedness that frequently results from their struggles to come to terms with the new world in which they have to live and minister. This article reflects on the way in which two further issues may exacerbate emotional woundedness in pastors. The one is church tradition, as it is reflected in several formularies used during church services in the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (NHKA), as well as the Church Ordinance of the NHKA. The other issue is the way in which pastors view the Bible. The language and rhetoric used to reflect on these issues are discussed and evaluated. In its last paragraph the article reflects on the possibility of autobiographical pastorate as a way for pastors to achieve emotional wholeness.


2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-725
Author(s):  
Blaire A French

The call to read Chronicles ‘midrashically’ in Leviticus Rabbah 1.3 and Ruth Rabbah 2.1 challenges the contemporary understanding of intertextuality in the early Rabbis’ interpretation of Scripture. David Stern, James Kugel, and others claim that the sages considered each word of the Bible to be equal, regardless of who wrote it or when. The Rabbis’ insistence, however, that Chronicles receive special treatment contradicts this assertion. This article argues that Chronicles’ late date of composition had a dual effect. On the one hand, Chronicles’ lateness reduced its authority and led the Rabbis to give greater weight to the words of the Primary History in their intertextual readings. On the other hand, Chronicles’ retelling of the past provided a biblical warrant for the Rabbis’ own reshaping of tradition.


1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Noble

AbstractThis article explores some of the central methodological issues connected with ideological readings of the Bible through reflecting upon the contrary interpretations of Genesis 34 offered, on the one hand, by Danna Fewell and David Gunn (which, they claim, is made from the standpoint of a "feminist" ideology) and, on the other hand, by Meir Sternberg (whose reading is charged by Fewell and Gunn with being "androcentric"). After assessing the exegetical disagreements between them, it is argued that both readings are deficient in being over-narrowly focused upon the question of the reader's feelings towards the characters of the story. A new interpretation is therefore offered, which sees the story as primarily concerned with exploring the issues of "crime and punishment." In the light of these exegetical studies it is argued that Fewell and Gunn's claim that all reading is necessarily ideological is undermined by their actual exegetical practice, which oscillates between (i) an objective, reader-independent style of exegesis which makes useful contributions to the understanding of Genesis 34 but offers nothing distinctively ideological; and (ii) a form of ideological "reading" which does not undermine but simply talks at cross-purposes to the doctrine of "foolproof composition" that Fewell and Gunn are attempting to refute. Their "reader-oriented" argument fails because it does not appreciate how the effects that a reader's own ideological presuppositions have upon his or her interpretations may be corrected by a sound exegetical methodology.


1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Makin

AbstractBoth the Bible and the Qur¸ān contain anthropomorphic passages, and so a theological debate over their interpretation is very common in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In the Qur¸ān, there are several anthropomorphic texts which describe God as having bodily features like those of human beings. For instance, God is said to have a face, eyes, feet, and hands. Various attempts were made to interpret such texts, either literally by accepting the corporcality of God or metaphorically by avoiding the implication of anthropomorphic texts. It is interesting how Ibn Hazm, who upheld Zāhirī theory (maintaining the literal meaning), tried to interpret Qur. 38:76, 5:67, 48:10 and 36:70 where reference is made to "the Hand of God." On the one hand, he felt he should maintain the literal meaning, according to which god is supposed to have hands. On the other hand, he declared himself to be a defender of tawhīd (the unity of God), which demanded that he reject all possibility of similarities between God and any of his creatures. This paper will focus on Ibn Hazm's argument by looking at his al-Fisal wa al-Milal wa al-Nihal.


Author(s):  
Anthony Ossa-Richardson

Like his other works, André Rivet’s magnum opus, the Exercitationes on Genesis (1633), was born from religious controversies. It aimed to uncover the one and only Reformed truth of the biblical message, against the multiplicity of Catholic traditions and textual ambiguities. Exploring the hermeneutical limits of what the Bible could teach, Rivet defended the homogeneity and perspicuity of the Bible, slyly relying on Catholic scholars such as Benito Arias Montano to assert the primacy of the Hebrew Bible and the integrity of its text. Catholic scholars, on the other hand, attempted to account for possible discrepancies in the Vulgate. Both sides deemed themselves holy, and both arrogated Providence to the legitimation of their church and their preferred text. This is to say that textual criticism was ultimately guided by theological and confessional considerations.


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