The sovereignty of revelation: On Paul Ricœur’s hermeneutics of revelation

In this article I overview Paul Ricœur’s understanding of divine revelation on the basis of some of his relevant writings. I argue that Ricœur’s hermeneutics of revelation has two aspects: on the one hand Ricœur’s explains the complex ways of acquiring and interpreting divine revelation especially with respect to the Bible; on the other hand, he acknowledges that revelation, originating in God’s freedom, is immediately given. In Ricœur’s view, the understanding of this immediacy is tainted by the presence of evil in human understanding which hinders the realization of revelation itself. As a critique of this standpoint I argue that the immediate givenness of revelation is logically and phenomenologically presupposed in our interpretations. Any hermeneutics of revelation entails a phenomenology of revelation. This phenomenology contains both the self-founding of human beings and, at the same time, the recognition of the absoluteness of the divine. Husserl’s phenomenology offers a way to the understanding of the immediacy of revelation through his central term of Eigenheitlichkeit. Ricœur understands this term not as genuine reality but rather as appartenance, ‘belonging to’, and reshapes its meaning in line with a hermeneutical naturalism. This explains his difficulty to conceive properly the sovereignty of revelation and the importance of phenomenology in the understanding of its immediate character.

AB0386 CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AND VASCULITIS: IDENTIFYING ASSOCIATIONS MINING THE BIOMEDICAL LITERATURE

Background:Based on recent publications suggesting an association between COVID-19 and vascularInflammation.Objectives:Our aim was to explore new associations between coronavirus infections and vasculitis utilizing semantic mining of PubMed results.Methods:The following literature search string: “(vasculitis OR vascular inflammation OR vascular damage) AND (coronavirus OR SARS virus OR MERS-CoV OR Covid-19)” was used to retrieve abstracts from the whole PubMed database, using Semantic MEDLINE 2. on 6/7/2020. This application represents a network of semantic predications (triples of the form subject-predicate-object, e.g. COVID-19 causes Disease) on a knowledge graph. The system allows for choosing the maximum number of nodes represented, the central topic, and the length of the network. For our network we chose to display all relations, COVID-19 (31 edges) as the central term, 3 lengths, and selecting the most informative nodes. Automatic summarization eliminated the less informative predications.Results:The search string retrieved 152 citations from PubMed and identified 1,028 predications. Thenetwork (Figure 1), displayed using COVID-19 as the central term, consisted of 72 nodes and 140 edges. The 5 most connected nodes were ’Patients: 19 nodes’, COVID-19: 13’, ‘Inflammation: 13’, ’Lung: 11’, and ‘Disease: 11’. Multiple links have been found between coronavirus and vasculitis. Animal coronaviruses, including the one causing feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), the SARS-CoV in transgenic mice and coronavirus in ferrets, are known to cause vasculitis in animals. It is known that coronaviruses that infect animals can evolve and become new human coronaviruses. SARS produces inflammation in blood vessels. In 2005, a link between the coronavirus HCoV-NL63 or New Haven Coronavirus (HCoV-NH) and KD was reported,although later studies concluded that HCoV-NH did not play a dominant role in the etiology orpathogenesis of KD. In 2014, serological testing suggested the possible involvement of CoV-229E in the development of KD. There has also been a report of KD patients being infected by coronavirus OC43/HKU1.COVID-19 may infect the vessels and trigger inflammatory reactions like those of vasculitis, including vasculitis-like cutaneous lesions. COVID-19 patients develop thrombosis, and increased risk of thrombosis is also present in primary vasculitic syndromes. Children, many of whom tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies, developed Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), an inflammatory condition similar to Kawasaki Disease (KD).Conclusion:Knowledge integration and discovery methods are an efficient and powerful way of retrieving and analyzing relevan information from multiple papers. Their main advantages are finding relations among biomedical concepts, generating new hypotheses, and opening them to literature-based discovery.SARS-CoV-2 may cause vasculitis or vasculitis-like syndromes. The KD-like syndrome reported mainly in children with COVID-19 revives the previous suspicion of coronavirus as a possible triggering agent of KD and the decades-old hypothesis of infection involvement in the pathogenesis of vasculitis.References:[1]Rindflesch TC,et al. Semantic MEDLINE: An advanced information management application for biomedicine. Information Services & Use 2011;31:15-21.Figure 1.Semantic Networks Resulting from Pubmed. All relations COVID-19 (edges:140) 3 lengths Max nodes: F (all nodes considered relevant).Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Affectation

This chapter lays the groundwork for the exploration of disaffection and critique in India by examining the relationship between the Oscar Wilde trials and the trial of the Bangavasi: the first newspaper trial in India to introduce disaffection as a disciplinary strategy. It demonstrates how and why both trials were centrally concerned with sexuality, excessive affect, and the artifice of affectation, and shows how the key terms operating in each trial circulated between Britain and India in the Anglophone press. The chapter also explores at length the way the discursive nexus worked in the representation of so-called babu writers, who were sexually pathologized so as to simultaneously place them under political suspicion and discredit their politics. Ultimately, the chapter focuses on the critical tactic of the book — affectation — since this was the first moment when disaffection became a central term in the prosecution of sedition and was redefined specifically to address the colonial context.

Hvad er et læringsmiljø hele dagen i pædagogisk praksis?

ResuméLæringsmiljøbegrebet står centralt i Den styrkede pædagogiske læreplan, samtidig med at det er et overordentligt bredt begreb. Dette studie undersøger hvordan pædagoger, dagtilbudsledere og kommunale forvaltningsmedarbejdere arbejder med og reflekterer over læringsmiljø hele dagen i pædagogisk praksis. Studiets data er blevet til gennem institutionelt etnografisk feltarbejde i otte dagtilbud inden for fire kommuner. Studiet udfolder pædagogers, lederes og forvaltningsmedarbejderes perspektiver på hvad et læringsmiljø er, samt hvad det indebærer at arbejde med læringsmiljø hele dagen. Gennem udfoldelse af en række eksempler fra dagligdags praksissituationer, suppleret med dialog med pædagoger og øvrige aktører, søger studiet at indkredse og diskutere positive, såvel som potentielt problematiske, aspekter af et læringsmiljø hele dagen i pædagogisk praksis. What is an all-day learning environment in pedagogical practice? A case study of interpretations and practices in four municipalities – English summaryLearning environment is a central term in The strengthened pedagogical curriculum, however, it is also an extraordinarily broad term. The present study examines the interpretations of day care professionals, leaders and municipal administrators within four municipalities, as they work with an all-day learning environment in pedagogical practice. Data of the study is collected through institutional ethnographic fieldwork in eight day care institutions within four municipalities. The study unfolds perspectives of professionals, leaders and administrators on the meaning of an educational environment, as well as what it means to work with such an environment all day. Through the unfolding of a number of examples of daily professional practice, combined with dialogue with the participating professionals, the study investigates and discusses positive, as well as potentially problematic, aspects of an all-day learning environment in pedagogical practice.

Content Analysis of Hospital Reviews From Differing Sources: Does Review Source Matter?

Social media has had an impact on how patients find and evaluate medical professionals and their experiences of modern healthcare. Qualitative research in healthcare has increased its focus on social media. The present study examined 497 reviews of hospitals in the Pittsburgh area across three websites: Google, Yelp, and Healthgrades. Using computerized content analysis tools (CATA), we analyzed positive and negative comments to identify key themes. Key themes and words included “doctor,” “hospital,” “staff,” and “time.” These findings highlight the importance of medical staff to patient experience. Results indicated that Yelp had the lowest average rating. CATA also revealed that the central term for Google reviews was “hospital,” for Healthgrades reviews it was “doctor,” and the central term for Yelp reviews was “patient.” These central terms reflect the focus of each website. The present study highlights the importance of healthcare professionals understanding the source of reviews and being cautious about how social media comments are used in decision-making about the practice. Future research should try to expand this approach to other cities and countries to evaluate cross-cultural effects on social media comments.

A valid and reliable measure of nothing: disentangling the “Gavagai effect” in survey data

Background In three recent studies, Maul demonstrated that sets of nonsense items can acquire excellent psychometric properties. Our aim was to find out why responses to nonsense items acquire a well-defined structure and high internal consistency. Method We designed two studies. In the first study, 610 participants responded to eight items where the central term (intelligence) was replaced by the term “gavagai”. In the second study, 548 participants responded to seven items whose content was totally invented. We asked the participants if they gave any meaning to “gavagai”, and conducted analyses aimed at uncovering the most suitable structure for modeling responses to meaningless items. Results In the first study, 81.3% of the sample gave “gavagai” meaning, while 18.7% showed they had given it no interpretation. The factorial structures of the two groups were very different from each other. In the second study, the factorial model fitted almost perfectly. However, further analysis revealed that the structure of the data was not continuous but categorical with three unordered classes very similar to midpoint, disacquiescent, and random response styles. Discussion Apparently good psychometric properties on meaningless scales may be due to (a) respondents actually giving an interpretation to the item and responding according to that interpretation, or (b) a false positive because the statistical fit of the factorial model is not sensitive to cases where the actual structure of the data does not come from a common factor. In conclusion, the problem is not in factor analysis, but in the ability of the researcher to elaborate substantive hypotheses about the structure of the data, to employ analytical procedures congruent with those hypotheses, and to understand that a good fit in factor analysis does not have a univocal interpretation and is not sufficient evidence of either validity nor good psychometric properties.

On Songs

Chapter 20 is one of the Bundahišn’s most enigmatic chapters. The chapter’s central term, the word wang, can be translated as “sound,” “voice,” “cry,” or “song.” The chapter describes the songs or sounds made by various elements in the natural world as well as the song of the recitation of the Avesta and the sound of appeals for justice by righteous individuals.

Concept Mapping to Measure Mathematical Experts’ Number Sense

The purpose of this study is to test whether concept mapping can be used for measuring the levels of number sense and use it to measure the mathematical experts’ level of number sense. The sample included 39 undergraduate and post-graduate students of Departments of Mathematics in Greece. A pencil and paper test was administered to test the level of number sense in different mathematical domains. Additionally, the participants were asked to create a concept map with as the central term. The results showed low levels of number sense with the majority of the participants responded in the number sense test by applying rules and algorithms rather than more holistic approaches that would indicate higher levels of number sense. Additionally, participants’ performance in concept mapping was strongly related to their performance in the number sense test. Specifically, participants with low number sense scores tended to present poor concept maps.

Fifty years of digital literacy studies: A meta-research for interdisciplinary and conceptual convergence

The following research has as its starting point the previous existence of different approaches to the study of digital literacy, which reflect a specialisation by area of study as well as connections and complementarity between them. The paper analyses research from the last 50 years through 11 key terms associated with the study of this subject. The article seeks to understand the contribution of each term for an integrated conceptualisation of digital literacy. From the data science approach, the methodology used is based on a systematized review of the literature and a network analysis using Gephi. The study analyses 16,753 articles from WoS and 5,809 from Scopus, between the period of 1968 to 2017. The results present the input to each key term studied as a map of keywords and a conceptual framework in different levels of analysis; in these, we show digital literacy as a central term that connects and integrates the others, and we define it as a process that integrates all the perspectives. The conclusions emphasise the comprehensive sense of digital literacy and its social condition, as well as the transversality to human life. This research aims to understand the relationships that exist between the different areas and contribute to the debate from a meta-theoretical level, validating meta-research for this interdisciplinary purpose.

Comparative Literature, Companion Species and the Camel

This article brings together theories of both real and literary animals’ readability within Animal Studies and of untranslatability within comparative literature more broadly. Through a focus on Ibrāhīm al-Kūnī’s al-Tibr, in comparison with Mahasweta Devi's ‘Pterodactyl, Puran Sahay and Pirtha’, I read the central human-animal encounters through both their cultural specificity and the wider ‘animal tropes’ to which they point, situating them within local tradition and the flows of world literature. I then shift to an examination of how both texts, through interspecies encounter, theorize the very processes of readability and comparability which they invite. Animals, I suggest, emerge as sites of ‘secrets’, hinting at the dictates of censorship as they shield symbolic import, or at the local which must be preserved from appropriation, and, above all, at a dimension of ‘otherness’ which can never be fully grasped. In al-Tibr, I examine this through a reading of the camel as ‘ āya’ (sign), a central term within Arabic cosmology, and, in ‘Pterodactyl’, through Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's influential reading of ‘ethical singularity’ in the story.