scholarly journals Radiation dimming induced modifications in radiation utilization of wheat (Triticumaestivum) crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
JOYDEEP MUKHERJEE ◽  
BRIJESH YADAV ◽  
V.K. SEHGAL ◽  
PRAMEELA KRISHNAN ◽  
RAJ KUMAR DHAKAR
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Global dimming has many environmental and climatic implications. India has also experienced a steady and continuous radiation dimming since 1960s due to increasing load of dust and aerosol in the atmosphere. Radiation interception, temperature, humidity and wind profile are altered under reduced light condition which are determining factor for crop phenology, leaf area index, biomass production, grain yield and radiation use efficiency of crops.In this experiment, three wheat cultivars (HD 2967, WR 544 and PBW 502) were grown under five solar radiation treatments i.e. R1 (no shading), R2 (20% shading), R3 (35% shading), R4 (50% shading) and R5 (75% shading) during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi to study the effect of radiation dimming on performance of selected wheat cultivars.In both the years the canopy temperature of wheat from crop vegetative stage to maturity was decreased with increase of shading level. The effect of reduced solar radiation significantly decreased the biomass production and yield.The radiation use efficiency (RUE) for biomass was increased due to shading treatments whereas the RUE for yield decreased with radiation reduction.The RUE for yield was the highest for no shading treatment (0.85 and 0.75 g MJ-1 in 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively). Among the cultivars, the radiation use efficiency for biomass as well as yield was the highest in HD 2967 followed by WR 544 and PBW 502,respectively.

scholarly journals Solar radiation use efficiency by soybean under field conditions in the Amazon region

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Aristides Ribeiro ◽  
Edson José Paulino da Rocha ◽  
José Renato Bouça Farias ◽  
Renata Silva Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of soybean (Glycine max) in intercepting and using solar radiation under natural field conditions, in the Amazon region, Brazil. The meteorological data and the values of soybean growth and leaf area were obtained from an agrometeorological experiment carried out in Paragominas, Pará state, during 2007 and 2008. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was obtained from the ratio between the above-ground biomass production and the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulated to 99 and 95 days after sowing, in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Climatic conditions during the experiment were very distinct, with reduction in rainfall in 2007, which began during the soybean mid-cycle, due to the El Niño phenomenon. An important reduction in the leaf area index and biomass production was observed during 2007. Under natural field conditions in the Amazon region, the values of RUE were 1.46 and 1.99 g MJ-1 PAR in the 2007 and 2008 experiments, respectively. The probable reason for the differences found between these years might be associated to the water restriction in 2007 coupled with the higher air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and also to the increase in the fraction of diffuse radiation that reached the land surface in 2008.

scholarly journals Study on Radiation Interception and Use in Some Mustard Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
M. A. Awal ◽  
M. O. Gani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Aim: Solar radiation is the unique source of energy which drives the photosynthesis of green plants for producing biomass to living being. Use efficiency of solar radiation to produce biomass has been quantified for many crops in field condition but no study is undertaken for mustard although it is an important oil seed crop in the world as well as in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the radiation-use efficiency of mustard crop. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the winter season extended from November 2011 to March 2012. Methodology: Treatments comprised six mustard varieties viz. BINAsarisha-3, BINAsarisha-4, BINAsarisha-5, BINAsarisha-6, BINAsarisha-7 and BINAsarisha-8 which were grown following standard cultivation techniques to optimize the growth and development. Radiation measurements along the growing season were carried out during solar noon on some sunny days with a Radiometer connected to a 1 m long Line Quantum Sensor. Results: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in terms of plant height, branch number, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation, yield components and yield and radiation interception and use. BINAsarisha-6 showed better performance on the aforesaid traits followed by BINAsarisha-7 while lower performance was observed in BINAsarisha-3 and BINAsarisha-4. The higher seed yield (2.41 t ha-1) was obtained in the BINAsarisha-6, the variety also showed higher radiation-use efficiency, RUE (3.75 g MJ-1 PAR) whereas the lower seed yield (about 2.1 t ha-1) was observed in the BINAsarisha-3 or BINAsarisha-4, the varieties also showed the lower RUE (<3 g MJ-1 PAR) which indicate that the higher accumulation of DM in BINAsarisha-6 variety as influenced by higher utilization of solar radiation effectively constitute the seed yield. The temporal RUE showed much fluctuated pattern in all the varieties and higher RUEs were observed at the later part of the crop growth. The variety BINAsarisha-6 also showed the higher seasonal mean RUE whereas BINAsarisha-4 showed the lower. Conclusion: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in growth, yield and radiation interception and use. Higher biomass production as well as higher seed yield is associated with higher utilization of solar radiation.

Contrasting yield formation characteristics in two super-rice hybrids that differ in growth duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Zui Tao ◽  
Tao Lei ◽  
Fangbo Cao ◽  
Jiana Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Formation

Summary The development of high-yielding, short-duration super-rice hybrids is important for ensuring food security in China where multiple cropping is widely practiced and large-scale farming has gradually emerged. In this study, field experiments were conducted over 3 years to identify the yield formation characteristics in the shorter-duration (∼120 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Guiliangyou 2’ (G2) by comparing it with the longer-duration (∼130 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Y-liangyou 1’ (Y1). The results showed that G2 had a shorter pre-heading growth duration and consequently a shorter total growth duration compared to Y1. Compared to Y1, G2 had lower total biomass production that resulted from lower daily solar radiation, apparent radiation use efficiency (RUE), crop growth rate (CGR), and biomass production during the pre-heading period, but the grain yield was not significantly lower than that of Y1 because it was compensated for by the higher harvest index that resulted from slower leaf senescence (i.e., slower decline in leaf area index during the post-heading period) and higher RUE, CGR, and biomass production during the post-heading period. Our findings suggest that it is feasible to reduce the dependence of yield formation on growth duration to a certain extent in rice by increasing the use efficiency of solar radiation through crop improvement and also highlight the need for a greater fundamental understanding of the physiological processes involved in the higher use efficiency of solar radiation in super-rice hybrids.

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of three land ecosystem models to simulate gross carbon uptake of forests from boreal to Mediterranean climate in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jung ◽  
G. Le Maire ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
M. Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
Eddy Covariance Measurements ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract. Three terrestrial biosphere models (LPJ, Orchidee, Biome-BGC) were evaluated with respect to their ability to simulate large-scale climate related trends in gross primary production (GPP) across European forests. Simulated GPP and leaf area index (LAI) were compared with GPP estimates based on flux separated eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange and LAI measurements along a temperature gradient ranging from the boreal to the Mediterranean region. The three models capture qualitatively the pattern suggested by the site data: an increase in GPP from boreal to temperate and a subsequent decline from temperate to Mediterranean climates. The models consistently predict higher GPP for boreal and lower GPP for Mediterranean forests. Based on a decomposition of GPP into absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), the overestimation of GPP for the boreal coniferous forests appears to be primarily related to too high simulated LAI - and thus light absorption (APAR) – rather than too high radiation use efficiency. We cannot attribute the tendency of the models to underestimate GPP in the water limited region to model structural deficiencies with confidence. A likely dry bias of the input meteorological data in southern Europe may create this pattern. On average, the models compare similarly well to the site GPP data (RMSE of ~30% or 420 gC/m2/yr) but differences are apparent for different ecosystem types. In terms of absolute values, we find the agreement between site based GPP estimates and simulations acceptable when we consider uncertainties about the accuracy in model drivers, a potential representation bias of the eddy covariance sites, and uncertainties related to the method of deriving GPP from eddy covariance measurements data. Continental to global data-model comparison studies should be fostered in the future since they are necessary to identify consistent model bias along environmental gradients.

Single Leaf Carbon Exchange and Canopy Radiation Use Efficiency of Four Peanut Cultivars1

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
T. R. Sinclair ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract Knowledge of the interception of solar radiation by crop canopies and the use of that radiation for carbon assimilation is essential for understanding crop growth and yield as a function of the environment. A field experiment was conducted in 1990 at Gainesville, FL to determine if differences in single leaf carbon exchange rate (CER), canopy radiation interception, radiation use efficiency (g dry matter produced per unit of solar radiation intercepted), and increase in seed harvest index with time exist among several commonly grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Four cultivars (Early Bunch, Florunner, Marc I, and Southern Runner) were grown in field plots on a Kendrick fine sand (a loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Paleudult) under fully irrigated, intensive management. Total crop and seed dry matter accumulation were determined, and canopy radiation interception measured at weekly intervals. CER of uppermost, fully expanded sunlit leaves were determined at midday at 2-wk intervals. Single leaf CER's were similar among cultivars (25 to 35 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and relatively stable throughout most of the season, before declining during late seed filling. Although interception of radiation differed somewhat among cultivars during early canopy development, total crop dry matter accumulation was linearly related to the cumulative amount of radiation intercepted by all four cultivars (r2=≥0.99). Radiation use efficiency was similar among all cultivars with a mean of 1.00 g dry matter accumulated per MJ of intercepted solar radiation. The increase in seed harvest index with time was linear (r2≤0.94) and the rates of increase were similar among the Early Bunch, Florunner, and Marc I cultivars (0.0058 d-1), but lower (0.0043 d-1) for the later maturing Southern Runner cultivar. Results from this study indicated that the primary differences among these four cultivars were in early-season development of the leaf canopy and resultant radiation interception and the rate of seed growth, rather than the capacity to assimilate carbon dioxide.

Leaf development, radiation interception and radiation-use efficiency of kale crops supplied with different rates of banded or broadcast phosphorus fertiliser

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chakwizira ◽  
D. J. Moot ◽  
W. R. Scott ◽  
A. L. Fletcher ◽  
S. Maley
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
P Supply

Inadequate phosphorus (P) supply at crop establishment can reduce dry matter (DM) accumulation. A field experiment quantified the effects of banded or broadcast P fertiliser (0, 20, 40 or 60 kg P/ha) applied at establishment to moderately fertile soils on growth and development of ‘Regal’ kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) crops. DM yield increased from 8710 to ~11 400 kg/ha by the addition of P fertiliser but was unaffected by the method of P application. The control crops accumulated 630 kg DM/100 degree-day (degree-day-accumulated heat available for crop growth) compared with ~800 kg/100 degree-day for the P-fertilised crops. The yield response to P was caused by an increased rate of development of leaf area index (LAI) and consequently earlier canopy closure that led to higher accumulated radiation interception (RIcum). The maximum LAI for the control crops was 3.80 or 24% lower than for fertilised crops. At the final harvest total RIcum for P-fertilised crops was 22% higher than the 592 MJ/m2 for the control, and this accounted for 80% of their yield differences. Leaf appearance rates were unaffected by P supply, with a common phyllochron of 109 degree-day. There was a consistent relationship between light interception and LAI, with a critical LAI of 3.40, extinction coefficient of 0.90 and radiation-use efficiency of 1.56 g/MJ photosynthetically active radiation. Overall, these results support a starter P application of at least 20 kg P/ha at establishment to maximise yields for kale crops when initial soil Olsen P levels ranged from 9 to 17 mg/kg soil.

scholarly journals Radiation Use Efficiency for Cowpea Subjected to Different Irrigation Depths Under the Climatic Conditions of the Northeast Of Pará State

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587
Author(s):  
Denis de Pinho Sousa ◽  
Paulo Jorge Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Vivian Dielly da Silva Farias ◽  
Hildo Giuseppe Caldas Nunes ◽  
Denílson Pontes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Abstract This study aims to determine the cowpea efficiency in absorbing and using solar radiation according to different irrigation depths under the climatic conditions of the northeast of Pará State. The experiment was carried out on 2014 and 2016 in an experimental design of randomized blocks, which consisted in six blocks with four treatments, in which different irrigation depths the reproductive phase were applied, as follows: T100, T50, T25 e T0, that corresponded to 100%, 50%, 25% e 0% of the crop evapotranspiration, respectively. The absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, leaf area index (LAI), total aerial dry matter (TADM) and grain yield were measured. The extinction coefficient (k) was obtained by nonlinear regression between the fraction of absorbed PAR (fPARinter) and the LAI. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was calculated by linear regression between the TADM and the accumulated absorbed PAR. The water deficit imposed by the treatments had a significant influence on the LAI, TADM and cowpea yields. The water deficit did not significantly influenced k – it ranged between 0.83 for T100 and 0.70 for T0. The RUE showed significant behaviors regarding the treatments with adequate water supply and treatments under water deficit, ranging from 2.23 to 1.64 g·MJ-1, respectively.

Radiation Use Efficiency and Biomass Production in Soybean at Different Plant Population Densities

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry C. Purcell ◽  
Rosalind A. Ball ◽  
J. D. Reaper ◽  
Earl D. Vories
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

scholarly journals Radiation use efficiency, N accumulation and biomass production of high-yielding rice in aerobic culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Katsura ◽  
Midori Okami ◽  
Hiroaki Mizunuma ◽  
Yoichiro Kato
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of three land ecosystem models to simulate gross carbon uptake of forests from boreal to Mediterranean climate in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1353-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jung ◽  
G. Le Maire ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
M. Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Eddy Covariance Measurements ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract. We evaluate three terrestrial biosphere models (LPJ, Orchidee, Biome-BGC) with respect to their capacity to simulate climate related trends in gross primary production (GPP) of forests in Europe. We compare simulated GPP and leaf area index (LAI) with GPP estimates based on flux separated eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and LAI measurements along a gradient in mean annual temperature from the boreal to the Mediterranean.The three models capture qualitatively the pattern suggested by the site data: an increase in GPP from boreal to temperate and a subsequent decline from temperate to Mediterranean climates. The models consistently predict higher GPP for boreal and lower GPP for Mediterranean forests. Based on a decomposition of GPP into absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), the overestimation of GPP for the boreal zone appears to be primarily related to too high simulated LAI - and thus light absorption (APAR) – rather than too high radiation use efficiency. On average, the models compare similarly well to the site GPP data (RMSE of ~30% or 420 gC/m2/yr) but differences are apparent for different ecosystem types. Given uncertainties about the accuracy in model drivers, a potential representation bias of the eddy covariance sites, and uncertainties related to the method of deriving GPP from eddy covariance measurements data, we find the agreement between site data and simulations acceptable, providing confidence in simulations of GPP for European forests.

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