Contrasting yield formation characteristics in two super-rice hybrids that differ in growth duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Zui Tao ◽  
Tao Lei ◽  
Fangbo Cao ◽  
Jiana Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Formation

Summary The development of high-yielding, short-duration super-rice hybrids is important for ensuring food security in China where multiple cropping is widely practiced and large-scale farming has gradually emerged. In this study, field experiments were conducted over 3 years to identify the yield formation characteristics in the shorter-duration (∼120 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Guiliangyou 2’ (G2) by comparing it with the longer-duration (∼130 days) super-rice hybrid ‘Y-liangyou 1’ (Y1). The results showed that G2 had a shorter pre-heading growth duration and consequently a shorter total growth duration compared to Y1. Compared to Y1, G2 had lower total biomass production that resulted from lower daily solar radiation, apparent radiation use efficiency (RUE), crop growth rate (CGR), and biomass production during the pre-heading period, but the grain yield was not significantly lower than that of Y1 because it was compensated for by the higher harvest index that resulted from slower leaf senescence (i.e., slower decline in leaf area index during the post-heading period) and higher RUE, CGR, and biomass production during the post-heading period. Our findings suggest that it is feasible to reduce the dependence of yield formation on growth duration to a certain extent in rice by increasing the use efficiency of solar radiation through crop improvement and also highlight the need for a greater fundamental understanding of the physiological processes involved in the higher use efficiency of solar radiation in super-rice hybrids.

scholarly journals Solar radiation use efficiency by soybean under field conditions in the Amazon region

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Aristides Ribeiro ◽  
Edson José Paulino da Rocha ◽  
José Renato Bouça Farias ◽  
Renata Silva Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of soybean (Glycine max) in intercepting and using solar radiation under natural field conditions, in the Amazon region, Brazil. The meteorological data and the values of soybean growth and leaf area were obtained from an agrometeorological experiment carried out in Paragominas, Pará state, during 2007 and 2008. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was obtained from the ratio between the above-ground biomass production and the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulated to 99 and 95 days after sowing, in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Climatic conditions during the experiment were very distinct, with reduction in rainfall in 2007, which began during the soybean mid-cycle, due to the El Niño phenomenon. An important reduction in the leaf area index and biomass production was observed during 2007. Under natural field conditions in the Amazon region, the values of RUE were 1.46 and 1.99 g MJ-1 PAR in the 2007 and 2008 experiments, respectively. The probable reason for the differences found between these years might be associated to the water restriction in 2007 coupled with the higher air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and also to the increase in the fraction of diffuse radiation that reached the land surface in 2008.

The effect of dwarfing genes in spring wheat in dry environments. II. Growth, water use and water-use efficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Richards
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency

Near-isogenic lines of wheat for the dwarfing genes Rht1, Rht2, Rht3 and Rht1+Rht2 as well as tall (rht) lines were grown in dryland field environments over 7 years as well as in large pots outside and in a glasshouse. In the field above-ground dry weight and leaf area index up to maturity were greater in the taller wheats. In pot experiments there were no differences in relative growth rates between lines and the faster emergence of the tall wheats accounted for most of the difference in dry weight accumulation and leaf canopy development. Tall wheats also had a slightly higher carbon isotope discrimination which has been related to faster canopy growth in wheat. Water extraction by tall and dwarf wheats was similar in both 1 m long tubes and down to a depth of 1.9 m in the field. However, transpiration efficiency (above-ground dry weight/water transpired) and water-use efficiency (above-ground dry weight/evapotranspiration) declined with plant height in both glasshouse and field experiments. There was no evidence that tall wheats had a greater capacity for storage and remobilization of photosynthate in the stems than shorter wheats. The implications for crop improvement in dry regions are discussed.

scholarly journals Radiation dimming induced modifications in radiation utilization of wheat (Triticumaestivum) crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
JOYDEEP MUKHERJEE ◽  
BRIJESH YADAV ◽  
V.K. SEHGAL ◽  
PRAMEELA KRISHNAN ◽  
RAJ KUMAR DHAKAR
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Global dimming has many environmental and climatic implications. India has also experienced a steady and continuous radiation dimming since 1960s due to increasing load of dust and aerosol in the atmosphere. Radiation interception, temperature, humidity and wind profile are altered under reduced light condition which are determining factor for crop phenology, leaf area index, biomass production, grain yield and radiation use efficiency of crops.In this experiment, three wheat cultivars (HD 2967, WR 544 and PBW 502) were grown under five solar radiation treatments i.e. R1 (no shading), R2 (20% shading), R3 (35% shading), R4 (50% shading) and R5 (75% shading) during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi to study the effect of radiation dimming on performance of selected wheat cultivars.In both the years the canopy temperature of wheat from crop vegetative stage to maturity was decreased with increase of shading level. The effect of reduced solar radiation significantly decreased the biomass production and yield.The radiation use efficiency (RUE) for biomass was increased due to shading treatments whereas the RUE for yield decreased with radiation reduction.The RUE for yield was the highest for no shading treatment (0.85 and 0.75 g MJ-1 in 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively). Among the cultivars, the radiation use efficiency for biomass as well as yield was the highest in HD 2967 followed by WR 544 and PBW 502,respectively.

scholarly journals Water demands and biomass production of sorghum and maize plants in areas with insufficient precipitation in Central Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Škeříková Michaela ◽  
Brant Václav ◽  
Kroulík Milan ◽  
Pivec Jan ◽  
Zábranský Petr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Crop Water Demand ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Plants

Evapotranspiration and transpiration measurements represent a tool for the assessment of crop water demand. The aim of this study was to compare sorghum and maize with respect to its potential for forage production in areas with insufficient precipitation in Central Europe. The values of the actual evapotranspiration (ET<sub>a</sub>, Bowen ratio balance method), transpiration (sap flow method), leaf area index (LAI) and biomass production of sorghum and maize were measured continuously in years 2010–2012. Sorghum stand provided higher ET<sub>a</sub> in comparison with maize in dry year 2012. Maize produced consistently more above-ground biomass yield and lower LAI over all evaluated years than sorghum. The sorghum provided similar or higher water use efficiency (WUE) than maize during the period of intensive prolongation growth, however, the higher WUE did not result in higher biomass production.

scholarly journals Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Alternate Furrows and Deficit Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kassu Tadesse Kassaye ◽  
Wubengeda Admasu Yilma ◽  
Mehiret Hone Fisha ◽  
Dawit Habte Haile
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Alternate Furrow Irrigation

The benefits of water-saving techniques such as alternate furrow and deficit irrigations need to be explored to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population within the context of declining availability of irrigation water. In this regard, field experiments were conducted for 2 consecutive dry seasons in the semiarid region of southwestern Ethiopia and investigated the influence of alternate furrow irrigation method with different irrigation levels on the yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and profitability of potato production. The experiment comprised of 3 irrigation methods: (i) conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), (ii) alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), and (iii) fixed furrow irrigation (FFI) combined factorially with 3 irrigation regimes: (i) 100%, (ii) 75%, and (iii) 50% of the potato water requirement (ETC). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design replicated thrice. Results revealed that seasonal irrigation water applied in alternate furrows was nearly half (170 mm) of the amount supplied in every furrow (331 mm). Despite the half reduction in the total amount of water, tuber (35.68 t ha−1) and total biomass (44.37 t ha−1) yields of potato in AFI did not significantly differ from CFI (34.84 and 45.35 t ha−1, respectively). Thus, AFI improved WUE by 49% compared to CFI. Irrigating potato using 75% of ETC produced tuber yield of 35.01 t ha−1, which was equivalent with 100% of ETC (35.18 t ha−1). Irrigating alternate furrows using 25% less ETC provided the highest net return of US$74.72 for every unit investment on labor for irrigating potato. In conclusion, irrigating alternate furrows using up to 25% less ETC saved water, provided comparable yield, and enhanced WUE and economic benefit. Therefore, farmers and experts are recommended to make change to AFI with 25% deficit irrigation in the study area and other regions with limited water for potato production to improve economic, environmental, and social performance of their irrigated systems.

scholarly journals Study on Radiation Interception and Use in Some Mustard Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
M. A. Awal ◽  
M. O. Gani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Aim: Solar radiation is the unique source of energy which drives the photosynthesis of green plants for producing biomass to living being. Use efficiency of solar radiation to produce biomass has been quantified for many crops in field condition but no study is undertaken for mustard although it is an important oil seed crop in the world as well as in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the radiation-use efficiency of mustard crop. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the winter season extended from November 2011 to March 2012. Methodology: Treatments comprised six mustard varieties viz. BINAsarisha-3, BINAsarisha-4, BINAsarisha-5, BINAsarisha-6, BINAsarisha-7 and BINAsarisha-8 which were grown following standard cultivation techniques to optimize the growth and development. Radiation measurements along the growing season were carried out during solar noon on some sunny days with a Radiometer connected to a 1 m long Line Quantum Sensor. Results: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in terms of plant height, branch number, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation, yield components and yield and radiation interception and use. BINAsarisha-6 showed better performance on the aforesaid traits followed by BINAsarisha-7 while lower performance was observed in BINAsarisha-3 and BINAsarisha-4. The higher seed yield (2.41 t ha-1) was obtained in the BINAsarisha-6, the variety also showed higher radiation-use efficiency, RUE (3.75 g MJ-1 PAR) whereas the lower seed yield (about 2.1 t ha-1) was observed in the BINAsarisha-3 or BINAsarisha-4, the varieties also showed the lower RUE (<3 g MJ-1 PAR) which indicate that the higher accumulation of DM in BINAsarisha-6 variety as influenced by higher utilization of solar radiation effectively constitute the seed yield. The temporal RUE showed much fluctuated pattern in all the varieties and higher RUEs were observed at the later part of the crop growth. The variety BINAsarisha-6 also showed the higher seasonal mean RUE whereas BINAsarisha-4 showed the lower. Conclusion: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in growth, yield and radiation interception and use. Higher biomass production as well as higher seed yield is associated with higher utilization of solar radiation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Grain Yield Differences Among Soybean Cultivars under Maize–Soybean Intercropping

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingcai Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Wu ◽  
Guohui Ding ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Taiwen Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Soybean Plants

Shading created by intercropping reduces the photosynthetic capacity of soybean plants but also directly affects the pod setting process of soybean. However, which of the changed aspects induce the yield differences in intercropped soybean cultivars is still unknown. Four soybean cultivars with similar yield and growth and development processes in monoculture were selected by a pre-experiment. Field experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2017 to investigate the leaf photosynthetic parameters, total biomass, reproductive characteristics, yield and yield components of soybean. The yield of soybean cultivars was significantly decreased in intercropping systems and the yield of cultivars (cvs.) ZH39 and QH34 were considerably higher than those of cvs. HD19 and HD20. Besides, the pod and seed number and harvest index were also reduced by intercropping and the yield components of cvs. ZH39 and QH34 in intercropping were significantly higher than those of cvs. HD19 and HD20, other than the seed size. Although the parameters of leaf photosynthetic capacity (leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll content) of soybean were changed by intercropping, there was no significant difference among cultivars. Additionally, the CGRR1–R5 (crop growth rate between R1 and R5) of intercropped soybean was lower than that of monoculture, while no significant differences were observed in different cultivars. The reproductive biomass at R5 was significantly different among soybean cultivars, and the reproductive partitioning and seed set efficiency of different cultivars were varied by the reproductive biomass at R5. Therefore, high-yielding cultivars in intercropping can achieve higher yield due to more reproductive structures survived at R5.

scholarly journals Effects of Wood Ash Biomass Application on Growth Indices and Chlorophyll Content of Maize and Lima bean Intercrop

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheedat Ajala ◽  
Moses Awodun ◽  
Segun Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Lima Beans

Wood ash generated from wood industries have enormous potential which can be utilized due to its properties which influences soil chemistry and fertility status of tropical acidic soils. Field experiments were conducted on an acidic sandy loam alfisol to investigate the effects of wood ash on the growth indices and chlorophyll content of maize and lima beans intercrop during the late and early seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Akure in the rainforest zone of southwestern Nigeria. The treatments were 100% sole maize with ash, 100% sole maize without ash, 75% maize + 25% lima beans with ash, 75% + 25% lima beans without ash, 50% maize + 50% lima beans with ash, 50% maize + 50% lima beans without ash, 25% maize + 75% lima beans with ash and 25% maize + 75% lima beans without ash. Wood ash was applied at 2.4kg/plot. Wood ash increased chlorophyll content in all amended treatments except in amended 25:75% maize-lima beans intercrop and 25:75% maize –lima beans intercrop without ash, however 75:25% maize-lima beans amended with wood ash significantly (P≥0.05) recorded the highest chlorophyll content. Growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf length, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of pods, weight of plant and total biomass of amended maize-lima beans intercrop were significantly (P≥0.05) increased by wood ash application. Based on experimental findings, 25:75% maize-lima beans intercrop and 75%:25% maize-lima beans intercrop amended with wood ash was concluded to be more recommendable in the study area.

scholarly journals Interception of solar radiation by the productive structures of spring canola hybrids

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1790-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizandro Fochesatto ◽  
Astor Henrique Nied ◽  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽  
Daniele Gutterres Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Sowing Dates

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to adjust parameters related to the interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by reproductive structures of spring canola, with different nitrogen levels and hybrids. Two field experiments were conducted, being one with different sowing dates and hybrids (Hyola 61 and Hyola 432) and another with doses of 10, 20, 40, 80, 160kg ha-1 of N, applied in top dressing. They were conducted in Passo Fundo and Coxilha, RS, Brazil, in 2011 and 2014, respectively.The evaluated variables were: area index of reproductive structures, interception efficiency and extinction coefficient of these structures for PAR. PAR interception increased by increasing the reproductive structures volume. Interception efficiency of PAR by reproductive structures ranged from 45 to 80%. It was higher in the Hyola 61 hybrid and at the highest dose of N. The extinction coefficient of reproductive structures for PAR was 0.44 in non-limiting doses of N.

scholarly journals Seed quality, water use efficiency and eco physiological characteristics of Lallemantia (Lallemantia sp.) species as effected by soil moisture content

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Mina ABDOLAHI ◽  
Saeideh MALEKI FARAHANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>This study investigated the effect of drought stress on the yield, water use efficiency (WUE), physiology, and seed quality of two species Lallemantia sp. Field experiments with three irrigation regimes were carried out in a split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included irrigation after 40 %, 60 %, and 100 % depletion of available soil water (ASW) (I40, I60, and I100, respectively) as main plots and Lallemantia species L. iberica (M. Bieb.) Fisch. &amp; C. A. Mey. (S1) and L. royleana Benth. in Wall (S2) as subplots. Increment in depletion of ASW (I40 to I100) resulted in progressively less chlorophyll a content (Chl­ a), open stomata percentage (OS), and leaf area index (LAI). The highest Chl­ a and LAI were found to be 0.0087­ mg g−1, and 2.68 mg g−1 leaf mass in I40 treatment, respectively, while closed stomata percentage (CS) increased significantly as drought stress increased. The results of this experiment indicated that the appropriate yield of production was obtained in plots which were fully irrigated (I40) for all species of Lallemantia; however, the WUE increased as drought stress increased. The interaction of drought stress, Lallemantia species with grain yield and WUE was significant.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document