Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin producing Eescherichia coli from Raw Milk Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Ramya Putturu ◽  
Jagadeeshbabu Angallakudithi ◽  
Rajeshkumar Sahu ◽  
Venkateswararao Kukkadala ◽  
Venkateswararao Lakkineni
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Samples

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw Milk Samples of Dairy Cows in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Nilsa Nhatsave ◽  
Marcelino Garrine ◽  
Augusto Messa ◽  
Arsénia J. Massinga ◽  
Anélsio Cossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Commercial Farms

Staphylococcal infections are among the most common foodborne diseases. We performed the antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of S. aureus from milk samples of dairy cows in Manhiça District. We observed a high frequency of S. aureus (41%, 58/143), in which 71% (41/58) were from commercial farms and 29% (17/58) from smallholder farms. Half of the isolates (50%, 29/58) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, with higher rates of resistance to penicillin (43%, 25/58), followed by tetracycline (16%, 9/58). Multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were rare (5%, 3/58 and 3%, 2/58, respectively). The genetic diversity was low, with predominance of human-adapted strains being: ST1/CC1-t5388 (78%) and ST152-t1299 (10%), followed by ST8/CC8-t1476 (5%) and ST5/CC5-t002 (3%) and lastly, ST508/CC45-t331 and ST152-t355, with 2% each. The Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene was detected among 14% (8/58) of the isolates, while genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins were scarce (3%, 2/58). Our findings revealed a high frequency of S. aureus, with high rates of resistance to the antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human medicine. Further investigations focusing on the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus from cattle and farmers will provide detailed insights on the genetic relatedness between the strains.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Shigatoxigenic O157 and Non-O157 Escherichia coli in Raw Milk Marketed in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Kauser-Ul Alam ◽  
Nazmul Sarwar ◽  
Shireen Akther ◽  
Monsur Ahmad ◽  
Paritosh Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples

Background: Quality and microbial safety of milk is demanding day by day as it is considered as a host for pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. In this study, isolation and molecular characterization of shigatoxigenic O157 and non-O157 Escherichia coli in raw milk marketed in Chittagong, Bangladesh were done on 186 raw milk samples in Bangladesh. Methods: MacConkey agar was initially used to screen for the presence of E. coli and the suspected growth as evidenced by large pink colonies on MacConkey agar. Finally the organism was verified by plating through Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar (a selective medium for E. coli where it produces metallic sheen) and applying standard biochemical tests for E. coli. The presence of virulent genes, Shiga-like toxin (stx1 and stx2), Intimin (eaeA), O157 antigen rfbE and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Hemolysin (EHEC) hlyA in the contaminating E. coli population was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) run on a thermocycler (Applied Biosystem, 2720 thermal cycler, Singapore). Result: Among the raw milk samples, 33 samples were identified as E.coli positive and among the isolates, 6 (18.18%) were identified as possible EHEC O157 and rest of the isolates (81.82%) were considered as probable non EHEC O157. About, 3.23% (186 samples) EHEC O157 was isolated from raw milk samples. Then all the 33 isolates were taken under PCR assay for the identification of five virulent genes Stx1, Stx2, eaeA, rfbE and hlyA. No virulent genes were found in non- EHEC O157 isolates, but 4 stx2 (66.67%) and 1 hlyA (16.67%) gene were observed in another 4 EHEC O157 isolates out of 6, but one isolates contained the both genes and hence the prevalence of STEC was 2.15% in raw milk. Result indicated poor hygienic standard of raw milk from uncontrolled environments and the increased public health risk of those consuming raw milk from such uncontrolled sources.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM RAW MILK SOLD IN DIFFERENT MARKETS OF BANGLADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
S. M. L. Kabir ◽  
M. T. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test

The study was intended for molecular detection of S. aureus isolated from raw cow’s milk. A total of 20 milk samples were collected from different upazila markets of Jamalpur, Tangail, Kishoreganj and Netrokona districts of Bangladesh. Milk samples were cultured onto various culture media for the isolation of bacteria. The isolated bacteria were identified by studying cultural properties on different selective media, biochemical tests, and finally by PCR. Out of 20 samples, 15 (75%) milk samples were found to be positive for S. aureus. S. aureus specific 16S rRNA gene was amplified from all isolates and identified as S. aureus. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out to ascertain the susceptibility of the organism to various antibiotics. Its results showed that the S. aureus isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%), erythromycin (73.33%) and tetracycline (73.33%) but sensitive to azithromycin (93.33%), ciprofloxacin (93.33%), gentamicin (100%), norfloxacin (86.67%) and streptomycin (86.67%).

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from raw milk in some dairy farms in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Heba Hussien ◽  
Eman Mahrous
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Source Of Infection

<p>This study was conducted to detect <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> complex in milk in three Egyptian Governorates; El-Sharkia, El-Menoufia and El-Behera Governorates. 300 milk samples were collected from tuberculin positive cases, 18 (6.0%) were shedding <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> complex in their milk which detected by real time PCR. On another hand, 170 milk samples were collected from tuberculin negative cases, 5 (2.9%) were shedding <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> complex in their milk which detected by real time PCR. All milk samples were examined by three techniques including Microscopic examination, culture and real time PCR. Real time PCR is more rapid and accurate method than microscopic and culture method. The isolated colonies from culture were examined by Multiplex PCR to demonstrate the source of infection either human or animal source.</p>

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Microbial Contaminants in Raw Cow Milk of Tangail District in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Mahmud ◽  
Md. Firoz Ali ◽  
Md. Omar Faruque ◽  
Muhammad Wasim ◽  
Fatematuz Zuhura Evamoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the microbial quality and associated health Methodology: An intensive study was carried out from January¬ to October 2019 at the Tangail district of Bangladesh to assess bacterial contamination of raw milk. A total of 60 samples were examined by following the standard bacteriological methods and the health impact was evaluated with the help of a semi-structured-based questionnaire. Molecular characterization of isolated bacteria was carried out by PCR. Results: Results revealed the mean values of TVC and TCC in raw milk, udder, oil, and utensil samples were 7.6×106, 8.8×106, 4.6×106, and 1.3×106 cfu/ml and 3.7×105, 1.4×106, 4.4×105, and 8.9×104 cfu/ml, respectively. The yeast and mold in raw milk, udder, and oil were 1.5×103, 1.8×103, and 1.3×102cfu/ml, respectively, and the mean values of E. coli in the above-mentioned samples were 1.9×103, 1.8×104, 2.1×103, and 1.6×103cfu/ml, respectively. On the other hand, the mean values of Salmonella spp. in raw milk, udder, oil, and utensil samples were 2.4×102, 7.9×102, 1.5×102, and 1.1×102cfu/ml, respectively. Some selected isolates confirmed by molecular identification were tested for their sensitivity against some common antibiotics used in Bangladesh. Escherichia coli showed 70% resistance to Amoxicillin and 90% sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin whereas Salmonella spp. And Staphylococcus aureus showed 90% resistance to Ampicillin and both were 80% and 90% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, respectively. Conclusion, Significance, and Impact of Study: Milk producers should be appropriately trained to monitor the overall hygienic conditions surrounding the production and handling of milk until it reaches the consumer. Frequent monitoring of the milk production facility, occasional testing of raw milk, and minimal use of antibiotics will ensure the quality of milk. Consumption of quality milk and avoidance of raw milk consumption will reduce the health risk of the consumers.

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