If It’s Broken, Fix It: The Effectiveness of Moral Reminders Depends on Prior Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 11007
Author(s):  
Andrea Pittarello ◽  
Thekla Schmidt ◽  
Assaf Segel ◽  
Ruth Mayo
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
嘉晨 尧
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Bucklaew ◽  
Ned Dochtermann

AbstractPast experiences are known to affect average behavior but effects on “animal personality”, and plasticity are less well studied. To determine whether experience with predators influences these aspects, we compared the behavior of Gryllodes sigillatus before and after exposure to live predators. We found that emergence from shelter and distance moved during open-field trials (activity) changed after exposure, with individuals becoming less likely to emerge from shelters but more active when deprived of shelter. We also found that plasticity in activity increased after exposure to predators and some indications that differences among individuals (i.e. “personality”) in emergence from shelter and the amount of an arena investigated increased after exposure. Our results demonstrate that experience with predators affects not only the average behavior of individuals but also how individuals differ from each other—and their own prior behavior—even when all individuals have the same experiences.


1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bari A. Harlam ◽  
Leonard M. Lodish

Contemporary choice models focus on choice opportunities in which consumers purchase a quantity of a single item in a product category. However, failing to recognize the possibility of assortments of multiple-Item purchases can lead to incorrect conclusions about the impact of past purchase behavior on current choices. The authors propose a model that allows for multiple-item shopping trips and apply it to scanner data for powdered soft drinks. The model provides descriptions about the influence of (1) consumer's prior behavior across previous shopping trips, (2) behavior within the same shopping trip, (3) the in-store shelf assortment available at the time of purchase, and (4) marketing mix variables on multiple-item shopping trip choices. The authors’ model provides better choice predictions in a holdout sample at the aggregate and assortment composition levels than a traditional, single-purchase choice model. Using the model, they present simulation and naturally occurring experiment results in the powdered soft drinks category. Finally, they discuss the value of their results for understanding the consequences of consumers’ choices and their implications for manufacturers.


2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Ugrin ◽  
J. Michael Pearson ◽  
Marcus D. Odom


2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Xingshan Zeng ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Lingzhi Wang ◽  
Kam-Fai Wong

The popularity of social media platforms results in a huge volume of online conversations produced every day. To help users better engage in online conversations, this article presents a novel framework to automatically recommend conversations to users based on what they said and how they behaved in their chatting histories. While prior work mostly focuses on post-level recommendation, we aim to explore conversation context and model the interaction patterns therein. Furthermore, to characterize personal interests from interleaving user interactions, we learn (1) global interactions , represented by topic and discourse word clusters to reflect users’ content and pragmatic preferences, and (2) local interactions , encoding replying relations and chronological order of conversation turns to characterize users’ prior behavior. Built on collaborative filtering, our model captures global interactions via discovering word distributions to represent users’ topical interests and discourse behaviors, while local interactions are explored with graph-structured networks exploiting both reply structure and temporal features. Extensive experiments on three datasets from Twitter and Reddit show that our model coupling global and local interactions significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art model. Further analyses show that our model is able to capture meaningful features from global and local interactions, which results in its superior performance in conversation recommendation.


PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus T. Mattsson

The way people behave in traffic is not always optimal from the road safety perspective: drivers exceed speed limits, misjudge speeds or distances, tailgate other road users or fail to perceive them. Such behaviors are commonly investigated using self-report-based latent variable models, and conceptualized as reflections of violation- and error-proneness. However, attributing dangerous behavior to stable properties of individuals may not be the optimal way of improving traffic safety, whereas investigating direct relationships between traffic behaviors offers a fruitful way forward. Network models of driver behavior and background factors influencing behavior were constructed using a large UK sample of novice drivers. The models show how individual violations, such as speeding, are related to and may contribute to individual errors such as tailgating and braking to avoid an accident. In addition, a network model of the background factors and driver behaviors was constructed. Finally, a model predicting crashes based on prior behavior was built and tested in separate datasets. This contribution helps to bridge a gap between experimental/theoretical studies and self-report-based studies in traffic research: the former have recognized the importance of focusing on relationships between individual driver behaviors, while network analysis offers a way to do so for self-report studies.


2005 ◽  
Vol 353 (25) ◽  
pp. 2673-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine A. Papadakis ◽  
Arianne Teherani ◽  
Mary A. Banach ◽  
Timothy R. Knettler ◽  
Susan L. Rattner ◽  
...  

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