scholarly journals Network models of driver behavior

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus T. Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Prior Behavior

The way people behave in traffic is not always optimal from the road safety perspective: drivers exceed speed limits, misjudge speeds or distances, tailgate other road users or fail to perceive them. Such behaviors are commonly investigated using self-report-based latent variable models, and conceptualized as reflections of violation- and error-proneness. However, attributing dangerous behavior to stable properties of individuals may not be the optimal way of improving traffic safety, whereas investigating direct relationships between traffic behaviors offers a fruitful way forward. Network models of driver behavior and background factors influencing behavior were constructed using a large UK sample of novice drivers. The models show how individual violations, such as speeding, are related to and may contribute to individual errors such as tailgating and braking to avoid an accident. In addition, a network model of the background factors and driver behaviors was constructed. Finally, a model predicting crashes based on prior behavior was built and tested in separate datasets. This contribution helps to bridge a gap between experimental/theoretical studies and self-report-based studies in traffic research: the former have recognized the importance of focusing on relationships between individual driver behaviors, while network analysis offers a way to do so for self-report studies.

scholarly journals Network models of driver behaviour

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Safety Work

The way people behave in traffic is not always optimal from the road safety perspective: drivers exceed speed limits, misjudge speeds or distances, tailgate other road users or fail to perceive them. Such behaviours are commonly investigated using self-report-based latent variable models, and conceptualized as reflections of violation- and error-proneness. However, traffic safety work is unlikely to progress by attributing dangerous behaviour to stable properties of individuals, whereas investigating direct relationships between traffic behaviours offers a fruitful way forward. Network models of driver behaviour and background factors influencing behaviour were constructed using a large UK sample of novice drivers. The models show how individual violations, such as speeding, are related to and may contribute to individual errors such as tailgating and braking to avoid an accident. In addition, a network model of the background factors and driver behaviours is reported. Finally, a model predicting crashes based on prior behaviour was built and tested in separate datasets. This contribution helps to bridge a gap between experimental / theoretical studies and self-report-based studies in traffic research: the former have recognized the importance of focusing on relationships between individual driver behaviours, while network analysis offers a way to do so for self-report studies.

scholarly journals Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa.

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽  
Xoliswa Feikie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Road User ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Hand Signal ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

scholarly journals Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽  
Xoliswa E Feikie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Road User ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Hand Signal ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

scholarly journals The Effects of ITS Application in Speed Management on State Road From Mali Pozarevac to Kragujevac

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Petrović ◽  
Miloš Milosavljević ◽  
Milan Božović ◽  
Danislav Drašković ◽  
Milija Radović
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Speed Management ◽  
On The Road

The application of intelligent transport systems (hereinafter ITSs) on roads enables continuous monitoring of road users during a whole year with the aim to collect good-quality data based on which the more complex analyses could be done, such as monitoring of certain traffic safety indicators. Automatic traffic counters are one of the most commonly implemented ITSs for collecting traffic flow parameters that are relevant for traffic management on state roads in Republic of Serbia. This paper presents one of the possible ways to collect, analyze and present data on road users’ speeds using automatic traffic counters, where certain traffic safety indicators are analyzed in terms of road users’ compliance with the speed limit on the road section from Mali Pozarevac to Kragujevac. Based on the analyses of data downloaded from automatic traffic counters, it is observed that an extremely high percentage of vehicles drive at speed higher than the speed limit, indicating clearly to higher traffic accident risk, as well as to the need for a tendency to implement speed management on roads using ITS in the forthcoming period.

scholarly journals Modeling the Complexity of Road Accidents Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Alex Kizito ◽  
Agnes Rwashana Semwanga
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Synthesis ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Synthesis Methodology

Simplistic representations of traffic safety disregard the dynamic interactions between the components of the road transport system (RTS). The resultant road accident (RA) preventive measures are consequently focused almost solely on individual/team failures at the sharp end of the RTS (mainly the road users). The RTS is complex and therefore cannot be easily understood by studying the system parts in isolation. The study modeled the occurrence of road accidents in Uganda using the dynamic synthesis methodology (DSM). This article presents the work done in the first three stages of the DSM. Data was collected from various stakeholders including road users, traffic police officers, road users, and road constructors. The study focused on RA prevention by considering the linear and non-linear interactions of the variables during the pre-crash phase. Qualitative models were developed and from these, key leverage points that could possibly lower the road accident incidences demonstrating the need for a shared system wide responsibility for road safety at all levels are suggested.

Strength of the semitrailer’s roof in the aspect of road traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
Mirosław Nader ◽  
Krzysztof Kielczyk
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
European Standards

Stable and slidable roofs of the semitrailers are usually characterized by low weight and easy handling, which equals directly into comfort of use, longevity of the system and the time needed to open or close. However, not always an operational advantages of roofs go hand in hand with their durability, especially in the snowfall situation or sudden changes of the road lane by a set of vehicles: a truck tractor – a semitrailer. The analysis of homologation regulations shows that today there are no precise requirements and physical testing / strength methods for assembled roofs of the semitrailers as components. The test methods for complete vehicle bodies (including the roof), which have destructive nature, are described in European standards, e.g. EN 12642:2017 "Securing of cargo on road vehicles – Body structure of commercial vehicles – Minimum requirements" [6], internal German regulations, e.g. VDI 2700:2004 "Securing of loads on road vehicles" [8] or Directive DCE 9.5:2008 ”Load security for transportation of load containers on utility vehicles in road traffic” [7]. A non-destructive, possible to perform, testing method for the roof as a component - is calculation method. The results of the performed tests allow to conduct development works over improving the vehicle’s system security (including the introduction of new semitrailers roofs design solutions and verification of existing ones). The carried out strength tests give possibilities to optimize and adapt the roofs to the transported loads, e.g. stable lifting roofs used in transport of divisible loads, or sliding roofs used in the transport of non-separate loads. The strength testing of the semitrailer’s roofs is highly justified from the point of view of securing the load and safety of passengers, drivers and other road users primarily. The requirements and limitations of the mentioned testing methods are not - in the authors opinion - 100% of realistic and possible deformation during the real vehicle’s road traffic. On the other hand, the cited documents exists as recognized regulators in the international arena of the road traffic legislation. The work’s aim is demonstrating the benefits of using reinforced roofs in all types of the semitrailer’s bodyworks.

scholarly journals Use of mixed methods in road landscape perception studies: an example from Latvia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Kristine Vugule ◽  
Ilze Stokmane ◽  
Simon Bell
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Development ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Road ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Surrounding Areas

We see, use and interact with different type of landscape every day. One of the important types is the road landscape we encounter during travel, whether a business trip, vacation or just on the way to and from home. Such landscapes can often help to introduce us to new regions or invite us to explore the surrounding areas because we partly experience the world around us from the road. Road landscapes combine important aspects of road and transport infrastructure as well as the quality of life of local people, traffic safety and tourism development. Road landscape development concerns both landowners and road users, each of whom might have different interests and understanding about possible landscape development and its consequences. Therefore, it is important to plan, discuss, present, and evaluate the future developments of any road landscape. The subject of road landscape has been little studied in Latvia. There are no recommendations on road landscape evaluation. Here we present a methodology for assessing perceptions of road landscapes. We aim to introduce several methods in combination that can be used in road landscape assessment, in order to show possible future developments of the road corridor and its surroundings and to test how potential changes might be perceived by road users. A combination of a case study approach, a scenario method, the use of 3D animations and of a web-based questionnaire survey are presented and discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Public Evaluation of Speed Humps Performance and Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Shwaly ◽  
Amal AL-Ayaat ◽  
Mohamed Hamed Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Pollution Damage ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Speed Humps

In Egypt, it is believed that speed humps are the cheapest and best solutions to reduce vehicles speed and thus reduce the number of potential accidents. Due to the lack of specifications in Egypt that govern the installation of speed humps, they were spread randomly and with different dimensions without adequate studies. Consequently, this practice can cause adverse effects on the road users and the surrounding environment. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed to discuss the different effects of using speed humps in Kafr El-Sheikh city as a typical model in the Egyptian cities. To verify that the questionnaire is appropriate for the intended task, it was evaluated by 30 respondents aged 18 years and over. After the trial process, the required corrections were made to the proposed form of the questionnaire. Then, final questionnaires were distributed and 1000 responses were collected from all road users, whether they were pedestrians, drivers, owners of vehicles or vehicle repairmen by using face-to-face interviews. The responses were analysed using SPSS program. The results reflected that the installation of speed humps contributed greatly to reduce vehicles speed, the flow of traffic and accidents rate. On the other hand, the results proved that humps also contribute significantly to the environmental pollution, damage to the pavement and vehicles especially when they are poorly designed and located. The majority of respondents attributed the random spread of the speed humps to the weakness of the authorities in law enforcement and the prevention of the installation of new humps without authorization. Finally, with the widespread use of speed humps and with the exception of the positive impact on traffic safety, it also has negative impacts on both the economy and the environment. Finally, the use of speed humps can cause many harmful effects to the neighbourhood, if there no strict control on its installation process. Unless specifications and some standards should be strictly followed, other means of traffic calming measures should be considered.

scholarly journals Traffic Calming Measures: An Evaluation of the Effect on Driving Speed

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Donatas Čygas ◽  
Vilma Jasiūnienė ◽  
Laura Jateikienė ◽  
Tadas Andriejauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Accident Probability ◽  
Driving Speed

Road accidents are one of the leading causes of death in the world, particularly among young people. Excessive speed is one of the main risk factors in road traffic safety, increasing accident probability and affecting accident severity. Experimental research of the traffic calming measures allocation effect on the driving speed is presented in this paper. The research has been carried out on two aspects. The first one with respect to the mean speed and the second one regarding instantaneous speed. However, the paper is not only restricted by the above research. Standardized survey interview and questioning, a survey of public opinion, was carried out to find out the road users’ opinions about the need for traffic calming measures and speed control measures. Finally, the authors presented their insights and recommendations for the installation of speed humps and gateways and their optimum spacing.

Coupling effect modeling of driver vehicle environment factors influencing speed selections in curves

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (7) ◽  
pp. 2066-2078
Author(s):  
Junru Yang ◽  
Duanfeng Chu ◽  
Rukang Wang ◽  
Meng Gao ◽  
Chaozhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Vehicle Motion ◽  
Quantitative Identification ◽  
Style Factor

It is of significant importance to select an appropriate speed for a vehicle to drive through an upcoming curve. Previous studies have mainly taken into account the vehicle–road interaction, which lacks quantitative analysis of drivers’ driving behavior related to curve speed selections. In this study, a curve speed model derived from the vehicle–road coupling effect analysis is combined with drivers’ driving styles which are classified into aggressive and moderate styles. Moreover, a driver behavior questionnaire based analysis is carried out for quantitative identification of the above two groups of drivers, compared with the traditional vehicle-motion-indexed classification of driving styles. Unlike previous curve speed models, the proposed model not only takes the vehicle–road coupling effect into consideration, but also introduces a driving style factor which is quantified with both driver behavior questionnaire analysis and vehicle-motion-indexed classification. The proposed curve speed model was validated with the road test data. It is found that the proposed curve speed model considering both the vehicle–road interaction and drivers’ driving styles could effectively guarantee traffic safety and riding comfort in sharp curves.

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