A Review on the Analysis of the Equatorial Current System and the Variability during the El Niño Period: Focusing on the Misconceptions in the Field of Secondary Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-310
Author(s):  
You-Soon Chang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Current System ◽  
Equatorial Current

Observations of the North Equatorial Current, Mindanao Current, and Kuroshio current system during the 2006/07 El Niño and 2007/08 La Niña

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kashino ◽  
Norievill España ◽  
Fadli Syamsudin ◽  
Kelvin J. Richards ◽  
Tommy Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Current System ◽  
Kuroshio Current ◽  
La Niña ◽  
North Equatorial Current ◽  
The North ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Equatorial Current ◽  
Mindanao Current

The Equatorial Current System West of the Galápagos Islands during the 2014–16 El Niño as Observed by Underwater Gliders

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Rudnick ◽  
W. Brechner Owens ◽  
T. M. Shaun Johnston ◽  
Kristopher B. Karnauskas ◽  
Julie Jakoboski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Current System ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Underwater Gliders ◽  
Equatorial Current ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe strong El Niño of 2014–16 was observed west of the Galápagos Islands through sustained deployment of underwater gliders. Three years of observations began in October 2013 and ended in October 2016, with observations at longitudes 93° and 95°W between latitudes 2°N and 2°S. In total, there were over 3000 glider-days of data, covering over 50 000 km with over 12 000 profiles. Coverage was superior closer to the Galápagos on 93°W, where gliders were equipped with sensors to measure velocity as well as temperature, salinity, and pressure. The repeated glider transects are analyzed to produce highly resolved mean sections and maps of observed variables as functions of time, latitude, and depth. The mean sections reveal the structure of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), the South Equatorial Current, and the equatorial front. The mean fields are used to calculate potential vorticity Q and Richardson number Ri. Gradients in the mean are strong enough to make the sign of Q opposite to that of planetary vorticity and to have Ri near unity, suggestive of mixing. Temporal variability is dominated by the 2014–16 El Niño, with the arrival of depressed isopycnals documented in 2014 and 2015. Increases in eastward velocity advect anomalously salty water and are uncorrelated with warm temperatures and deep isopycnals. Thus, vertical advection is important to changes in heat, and horizontal advection is relevant to changes in salt. Implications of this work include possibilities for future research, model assessment and improvement, and sustained observations across the equatorial Pacific.

Using Satellite Altimeter and SST Observations of the 1997-1998 El Nino to Check the Key Ocean Processes Involved in a Strong El Nino.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Webb ◽  
Andrew Coward ◽  
Helen Snaith
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Satellite Altimeter ◽  
The North ◽  
Satellite Sst ◽  
Model Study ◽  
North Equatorial Counter Current ◽  
Equatorial Current

<p>A recent high-resolution ocean model study of the strong El Ninos of 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 highlighted a previously neglected ocean mechanism which was active during their growth.   The mechanism involved a weakening of both the Equatorial Current and the tropical instability eddies in mid-ocean.  It also involved an increase in the strength of the North Equatorial Counter Current due to the passage of the annual Rossby wave.</p><p>      This presentation reports how satellite altimeter and satellite SST data was used to validate the model results the key areas, confirming the changes in the current and eddy fields and the resulting eastward extension of the region of highest SST values.  The SST changes were sufficient to trigger new regions deep-atmospheric convection and so had the potential to have a significant impact on the development of the El Nino and the resulting changes in the large scale atmospheric circulation.</p>

scholarly journals Biogeochemical Anomalies at Two Southern California Current System Moorings During the 2014–2016 Warm Anomaly‐El Niño Sequence

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 6886-6903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Lilly ◽  
Uwe Send ◽  
Matthias Lankhorst ◽  
Todd R. Martz ◽  
Richard A. Feely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Southern California ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Current System ◽  
California Current ◽  
California Current System ◽  
Warm Anomaly

scholarly journals Effect of El Niño on migration and larval transport of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heeyong Kim ◽  
Shingo Kimura ◽  
Akira Shinoda ◽  
Takashi Kitagawa ◽  
Yoshikazu Sasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Anguilla Japonica ◽  
Japanese Eel ◽  
Larval Transport ◽  
North Equatorial Current ◽  
The North ◽  
Equatorial Current ◽  
The Kuroshio

Abstract Kim, H., Kimura, S., Shinoda, A., Kitagawa, T., Sasai, Y., and Sasaki, H. 2007. Effect of El Niño on migration and larval transport of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: –. To clarify the effect of an El Niño on the migration of Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) in the western North Pacific, differences in migration patterns of eel larvae (leptocephali) in El Niño and non-El Niño years were compared qualitatively through a numerical particle-tracking model. Depending on interannual meridional displacements of the salinity front and bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current, transport of Japanese eel larvae to the Kuroshio was much less than to the Mindanao Current in an El Niño year, and recruitment to coastal habitats in Japan decreased in those years. In non-El Niño years, transport to the Kuroshio was twice as high, and recruitment to coastal habitats increased. If the spawning area of eels was independent of El Niño, transport differences between the two currents were not clear. In the western North Pacific, mesoscale eddies also played a significant role in dispersing eel larvae and prolonging their migration. Consequently, the changing oceanic conditions associated with climate change have resulted in decreased recruitment of Japanese eels, and the eddy effect on migration of the Japanese eel larvae needs to be added into the North Equatorial Current–Kuroshio system.

scholarly journals Response of O<sub>2</sub> and pH to ENSO in the California Current System in a high resolution global climate model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Turi ◽  
Michael Alexander ◽  
Nicole S. Lovenduski ◽  
Antonietta Capotondi ◽  
James Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Current System ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
California Current ◽  
California Current System ◽  
La Nina

Abstract. We use a novel, high-resolution global climate model (GFDL-ESM2.6) to investigate the influence of warm and cold El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the physics and biogeochemistry of the California Current System (CalCS). We focus on the effect of ENSO on variations in the O2 concentration and the pH of the coastal waters of the CalCS. An assessment of the CalCS response to six El Niño and seven La Niña events in ESM2.6 reveals significant variations in the response between events. However, these variations overlay a consistent physical and biogeochemical (O2 and pH) response in the composite mean. Focusing on the mean response, our results demonstrate that O2 and pH are affected rather differently in the euphotic zone above ~100 m. The strongest O2 response reaches up to several 100 km offshore, whereas the pH signal occurs only within a ~100 km-wide band along the coast. By splitting the changes in O2 and pH into individual physical and biogeochemical components that are affected by ENSO variability, we found that O2 variability in the surface ocean is primarily driven by changes in surface temperature that affect the O2 solubility. In contrast, surface pH changes are predominantly driven by changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which in turn is affected by upwelling, explaining the confined nature of the pH signal close to the coast. Below ~100 m, we find conditions with anomalously low O2 and pH, and by extension also anomalously low aragonite saturation, during La Niña. This result is consistent with findings from previous studies and highlights the stress that the CalCS ecosystem could periodically undergo in addition to impacts due to climate change.

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